scholarly journals Introduction to the Biology and Control of Invasive Fishes and a Special Issue on This Topic

Fishes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Peter W. Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Invasive Fish ◽  
Invasive Fishes ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
Local Species ◽  
And Control

Across the globe, dozens of species of invasive fish are now found in fresh as well as marine waters, where they alter habitats, compete with native fish for food, and prey on native fishes, exerting both indirect and direct effects on ecosystems and economies. While efforts to understand and control these species are growing, most are still in their infancy; however, a few examples stand out. This special issue is comprised of 11 notable articles on freshwater invasive fish and is the first to address this topic. This introductory article serves as an introduction to these articles which focus on 5 topics on invasive freshwater fish: (1) the damage they cause (one article); (2) techniques to ascertain their presence (one article); (3) techniques to restrict their movement (one article); (4) strategies to control them (three articles); and (5) lessons learned from ongoing management efforts (five articles). This introduction notes that successful management efforts share a few approaches: (1) they develop and use a deep understanding of local species and their abundance as well as distribution; (2) they focus on reducing reproductive success; (3) they use multiple complimentary control strategies; and (4) they use a long-term approach.

scholarly journals Introduction to special issue: Learning assessments for sustainability? Exploring the interaction between two global movements

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Oren Pizmony-Levy ◽  
Dafna Gan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Learning Assessments ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
Meaningful Engagement ◽  
Global Movements ◽  
The 1960S

The aim of this special issue, “Learning Assessments for Sustainability?”, is to examine the interaction between the environmental and sustainability education (ESE) movement and the international large-scale assessments (ILSAs) movement. Both global educational movements emerged in the 1960s and their simultaneous work have affected each other since then. While the articles in this special issue highlight the potential benefits of ILSAs as a source of data for secondary analysis, they also demonstrate the limitations of ILSAs and their negative consequences to ESE. As such, we call for more research on the interaction between ESE and ILSAs and for a serious consideration of how test-based accountability practices might work against meaningful engagement with ESE. This introductory article includes three sections. The first section provides context about the movements. The second section presents an overview of the articles and alternative ways for reading them. The third section discusses lessons learned from the collection of articles. We conclude with a call for further research and reflection.

Digitalisation as a critical tool in resource asset valuations, acquisitions and dispositions

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Douglas W. Hollett ◽  
Craig N. Phasey
Keyword(s):  
Portfolio Management ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Asset Valuation ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
And Control ◽  
A Company

Digital twins and digital ‘solutions’ have become increasingly common in recent years, as companies recognise the benefit of greater visibility and control into their operations. When built and implemented properly, a digital twin (DT) offers the potential for significant cost savings, coupled with attractive add-on value in safety, operational integrity and predictive maintenance, all of which can also result in increased production. DTs are also critical for effective portfolio management, in allowing a full understanding of asset or field value, upside, and long-term potential. By identifying areas for optimisation, a DT can help the operator prioritise investment, and accurately understand which assets to keep or monetise. Through building DTs for operating properties, Nova Systems and PTC have gained a deep understanding of the upside potential inherent in the technology. This also means that DT technology can be invaluable in asset acquisitions. During merger and acquisition (M&A) analysis, a company typically looks for technical, operational and financial leverage which can unlock potential not seen by the current owner. These can be commercial (commodity contract, price deck and agreements), technical (e.g. engineering approach and models, and subsurface), operating synergies (common services, facilities and duplication) and digital solutions. While most companies utilise traditional and tested approaches to asset valuation, new digital solutions offer the opportunity for break-out higher valuations which can drive an entirely new approach to M&A growth. In today’s competitive marketplace, the company with an innovative digital solutions skillset will have the advantage.

scholarly journals Development of Carbon Dioxide Barriers to Deter Invasive Fishes: Insights and Lessons Learned from Bigheaded Carp

Fishes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Cory D. Suski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Aquatic Invasive Species ◽  
Invasive Fish ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Invasive Fishes ◽  
Physical Barriers

Invasive species are a threat to biodiversity in freshwater. Removing an aquatic invasive species following arrival is almost impossible, and preventing introduction is a more viable management option. Bigheaded carp are an invasive fish spreading throughout the Midwestern United States and are threatening to enter the Great Lakes. This review outlines the development of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) as a non-physical barrier that can be used to deter the movement of fish and prevent further spread. Carbon dioxide gas could be used as a deterrent either to cause avoidance (i.e., fish swim away from zones of high CO2), or by inducing equilibrium loss due to the anesthetic properties of CO2 (i.e., tolerance). The development of CO2 as a fish deterrent started with controlled laboratory experiments demonstrating stress and avoidance, and then progressed to larger field applications demonstrating avoidance at scales that approach real-world scenarios. In addition, factors that influence the effectiveness of CO2 as a fish barrier are discussed, outlining conditions that could make CO2 less effective in the field; these factors that influence efficacy would be of interest to managers using CO2 to target other fish species, or those using other non-physical barriers for fish.

Study on purification mechanism in soil penetration facility for effluents from urban area and control strategies

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yamada ◽  
D. Ujiie ◽  
K. Nishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Dissolved Matter ◽  
And Control

In this study, demonstration experiments for removal of pollutants from road surface runoff during storm events were carried out under natural conditions in an outdoor pilot-scale soil penetration facility. In general, soil retains suspended matter and removes dissolved matter by adsorption. However, issues such as reduced purification capacity resulting from clogging and recovery of purification capacity during periods of intermittent supply of the storm water affect the removal efficiency of pollutants. Therefore, this study aimed at clarifying purification mechanisms during storm events and understanding how the structural characteristics of the soil penetration facility affect purification capacity based on long-term continuous measurements. In addition, modeling the purification mechanism under changing characteristics of rainfall in the long-term was undertaken.

scholarly journals What are Governmental Human Rights Focal Points?

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-94
Author(s):  
Sébastien Lorion ◽  
Stéphanie Lagoutte
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
Human Rights Regime ◽  
Single Field ◽  
Specific Manifestation ◽  
Domestic Level ◽  
Field Of Inquiry

This Special Issue aims at raising understanding of governmental human rights focal points (GHRFPs). It forms part of a renewed attention to the importance of domestic-level institutions within the international human rights regime. GHRFPs have emerged as a key recommendation of UN bodies, and a defined trend in setting up such State structures is observed in practice. Addressing GHRFPs as a single field of inquiry, this introductory article presents a common analytical approach, which makes it possible to analyse various forms of GHRFPs, with a view to generalising findings and enriching each type of GHRFP with the experiences and lessons learned of others. Hereby, the Special Issue consolidates and structures a research agenda on GHRFPs around key attributes identified in a preliminary manner, in order to spark some critical and constructive analysis of this specific manifestation of the domestic institutionalisation of human rights.

scholarly journals Temporal variations in COVID-19: an epidemiological discussion with a practical application

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 030006052110332
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Derakhshan ◽  
Hamid Reza Ansarian ◽  
Mory Ghomshei
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Weekly Cycles ◽  
And Control

Objective We aimed to characterize the temporal variation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and mortality as a possible tool to monitor and control the spread of this disease. Methods We analyzed cyclicity and synchronicity in cases of COVID-19 infection and time series of deaths using Fourier transform, its inverse method, and statistical treatments. Epidemiological indices (e.g., case fatality rate) were used to quantify the observations in the time series. The possible causes of short-term variations are reviewed. Results We observed that were both short-term and long-term variations in the COVID-19 time series. The short cycles were 7 days and synchronized among all countries. This periodicity is believed to be caused by weekly cycles in community social factors, combined with diagnostic and reporting cycles. This could also be related to virus–host–community dynamics. Conclusion The observed synchronized weekly cycles could serve as herd defense by providing a form of social distancing in time. The effect of such temporal distancing could be enhanced if combined with spatial distancing. Integrated spatiotemporal distancing is therefore recommended to optimize infection control strategies, taking into account the quiescent and active intervals of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Forecasting the long-term trend of COVID-19 epidemic using a dynamic model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jichao Sun ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Ziheng Zhang ◽  
Shengzhang Lai ◽  
Bo Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Transmission Characteristics ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
And Control ◽  
Long Term Trend

Abstract The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has recently been declared as a pandemic and spread over 200 countries and territories. Forecasting the long-term trend of the COVID-19 epidemic can help health authorities determine the transmission characteristics of the virus and take appropriate prevention and control strategies beforehand. This protocol introduced a new model named Dynamic-Susceptible-Exposed-Infective-Quarantined (D-SEIQ), by making appropriate modifications of the Susceptible-Exposed-Infective-Recovered (SEIR) model and integrating machine learning based parameter optimization under epidemiological rational constraints. The model could be applied to forecast the long-term trend of the current COVID-19 epidemic. The parameters obtained by the model could help assess the effectiveness of prevention and intervention strategies on epidemic control in different countries.

Biology, Ecology and Control of Soldier Flies Inopus Spp (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) - a Review

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
PG Allsopp ◽  
LN Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Sampling Plans ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
And Control

The taxonomy and identification of the soldier flies, Inopus spp., their distribution, host plants, population biology and dynamics, and their chemical and cultural control are reviewed. Previous work has concentrated on I. rubriceps (Macquart), the most economically important species and a pest of sugar cane in Australia and pastures in New Zealand. Areas where further study is desirable include: the taxonomy and distribution of the genus; effects of host plants on development; processes involved in the inhibition of ratooning of sugar cane; detailed life-table studies on different host plants and different cultivars of sugar cane; damage and intervention thresholds and statistically based sampling plans for sugar cane; factors influencing pupation; the contribution of predation, parasitism and disease to mortality; control with insecticides other than organochlorines; the long-term need for insecticides; and control strategies other than insecticide treatments.

Long-term care Legionella prevention and control strategies: Experiences of nursing homes in Florida and Georgia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 246-249
Author(s):  
Sarah C Blake ◽  
Jonathan N Hawley
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Legionella Prevention ◽  
And Control

Background: Over the past several years, there have been more than 100 confirmed cases in US healthcare facilities of Legionnaires’ disease, a severe and potentially fatal pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacterium found in contaminated water systems. Older people and those with weakened immune systems are particularly vulnerable to Legionella, putting long-term care patients at greater risk of infection. Past efforts to address this growing environmental health crisis have been limited to local surveillance programs for testing water systems in multi-family housing units. In June 2017, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) required Medicare-certified healthcare facilities to establish water management programs to reduce the risk of Legionella. Methods: We conducted a mixed methods study (surveys, interviews) to examine the adoption and implementation of these guidelines as well as existing Legionella prevention and control strategies in nursing homes in Florida and Georgia. Results: Findings reveal that most nursing homes in these states do not test their water systems for Legionella because either they have never experienced an outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease or do not have a large water system for testing. Conclusion: Nursing home administrators know of the new CMS Legionella testing requirements and are currently developing water management plans.

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