scholarly journals Potential Use of Silica Nanoparticles for the Microbial Stabilisation of Wine: An In Vitro Study Using Oenococcus oeni as a Model

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1338
Author(s):  
Kamila Pachnowska ◽  
Krzysztof Cendrowski ◽  
Xymena Stachurska ◽  
Paweł Nawrotek ◽  
Adrian Augustyniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Oenococcus Oeni ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Silica Nanospheres ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

The emerging trend towards the reduction of SO2 in winemaking has created a need to look for alternative methods to ensure the protection of wine against the growth of undesired species of microorganisms and to safely remove wine microorganisms. This study describes the possible application of silica nanospheres as a wine stabilisation agent, with Oenococcus oeni (DSM7008) as a model strain. The experiment was conducted firstly on model solutions of phosphate-buffered saline and 1% glucose. Their neutralising effect was tested under stirring with the addition of SiO2 (0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/mL). Overall, the highest concentration of nanospheres under continuous stirring resulted in the greatest decrease in cell counts. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses showed extensive damage to the bacterial cells after stirring with silica nanomaterials. Then, the neutralising effect of 0.5 mg/mL SiO2 was tested in young red wine under stirring, where cell counts were reduced by over 50%. The obtained results suggest that silica nanospheres can serve as an alternative way to reduce or substitute the use of sulphur dioxide in the microbial stabilisation of wine. In addition, further aspects of following investigations should focus on the protection against enzymatic and chemical oxidation of wine.

Magnetic nanostructured lipid carrier for dual triggered curcumin delivery: Preparation, characterization and toxicity evaluation on isolated rat liver mitochondria

2021 ◽  
pp. 088532822110346
Author(s):  
Mohammad Yoozbashi ◽  
Hamid Rashidzadeh ◽  
Mehraneh Kermanian ◽  
Somayeh Sadighian ◽  
Mir-Jamal Hosseini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier ◽  
Mitochondrial Toxicity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Transmission Electron

In this research, magnetic nanostructured lipid carriers (Mag-NLCs) were synthesized for curcumin (CUR) delivery. NLCs are drug-delivery systems prepared by mixing solid and liquid (oil) lipids. For preparation of NLCs, cetylpalmitate was selected as solid lipid and fish oil as liquid lipid. CUR-Mag-NLCs were prepared using high-pressure homogenization technique and were characterized by methods including X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The CUR-Mag-NLCs were developed as a particle with a size of 140 ± 3.6 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.196, and a zeta potential of −22.6 mV. VSM analysis showed that the CUR-Mag-NLCs have excellent magnetic properties. Release rate of the drug was higher at 42 °C than 37 °C, indicating that release of the synthesized nanoparticles is temperature-dependent. Evaluation of mitochondrial toxicity was done using the isolated rats liver mitochondria including glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the ferric- reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assays to study biosafety of the CUR-Mag-NLCs. Results of In vitro study on the isolated mitochondria revealed that both CUR-Mag-NLCs and curcumin have no specific mitochondrial toxicity.

scholarly journals An In Vitro Study of the Effect of Viburnum opulus Extracts on Key Processes in the Development of Staphylococcal Infections

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1758
Author(s):  
Urszula Wójcik-Bojek ◽  
Joanna Rywaniak ◽  
Przemysław Bernat ◽  
Anna Podsędek ◽  
Dominika Kajszczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Protein A ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Staphylococcal Protein A ◽  
Viburnum Opulus ◽  
Staphylococcal Infections ◽  
Diet Supplements ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Staphylococcus aureus is still one of the leading causes of both hospital- and community-acquired infections. Due to the very high percentage of drug-resistant strains, the participation of drug-tolerant biofilms in pathological changes, and thus the limited number of effective antibiotics, there is an urgent need to search for alternative methods of prevention or treatment for S. aureus infections. In the present study, biochemically characterized (HPLC/UPLC–QTOF–MS) acetonic, ethanolic, and water extracts from fruits and bark of Viburnum opulus L. were tested in vitro as diet additives that potentially prevent staphylococcal infections. The impacts of V. opulus extracts on sortase A (SrtA) activity (Fluorimetric Assay), staphylococcal protein A (SpA) expression (FITC-labelled specific antibodies), the lipid composition of bacterial cell membranes (LC-MS/MS, GC/MS), and biofilm formation (LIVE/DEAD BacLight) were assessed. The cytotoxicity of V. opulus extracts to the human fibroblast line HFF-1 was also tested (MTT reduction). V. opulus extracts strongly inhibited SrtA activity and SpA expression, caused modifications of S. aureus cell membrane, limited biofilm formation by staphylococci, and were non-cytotoxic. Therefore, they have pro-health potential. Nevertheless, their usefulness as diet supplements that are beneficial for the prevention of staphylococcal infections should be confirmed in animal models in the future.

Antilisterial Effects of a Sorbate-Nisin Combination In Vitro and on Packaged Beef at Refrigeration Temperature

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1075-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHERYL M. AVERY ◽  
SAVA BUNCIC
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Pathogen Load ◽  
Beef Steaks ◽  
Packaged Beef ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

The antilisterial effects of a sorbate-nisin combination were assessed in vitro and on beef at refrigeration temperature. Three hemolytic pathogenic strains of Listeria monocytogenes, reference strain NCTC 7973, food strain L70, and clinical strain L94, were stored at 4°C in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 5.5, containing a combination of sorbate (0.2% wt/vol) and nisin (40 IU/ml). After 4 weeks, hemolysin production by the strains had ceased, their subsequent lag phases at 37°C were extended from an initial 1.23 to 1.32 h to a final 7.13 to 8.06 h and their pathogenicity for chick embryos had decreased from an initial 93.3 to 95.5% to a final 43.3 to 60.0%. Sterile beef steaks of normal pH (5.4 to 5.5) were inoculated with a cocktail of the three strains at approximately 5 log CFU/cm2 and the surface of half the steaks was treated with the antimicrobial solution 1.0% sorbate plus 1,000 IU of nisin per ml. The meat was packaged under vacuum or 100% carbon dioxide and stored at 4°C for 4 weeks. On untreated meat, L. monocytogenes grew by 1.79 log cycles in vacuum packages, but in CO2 packages the initial population decreased by 0.54 log cycle. On treated vacuum-packaged meat, L. monocytogenes decreased during storage to the extent that 96.5% of the initial pathogen load was eliminated, but the lag phase of the remaining cells at 37°C was unaffected. On treated CO2-packaged meat L. monocytogenes decreased during storage to the extent that 89.3% of the initial pathogen load was eliminated, and for surviving cells the lag phase at 37°C was extended. Treatment with the sorbate-nisin combination did not significantly affect pathogenicity of the L. monocytogenes cocktail recovered from vacuum- or carbon dioxide-packages after storage, in contrast to the in vitro study, where pathogenicity was clearly attenuated. The reason for this difference is unknown.

Tri-modal imaging of gold-dotted magnetic nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and intravascular ultrasound: an in vitro study

Nanomedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (25) ◽  
pp. 2433-2445
Author(s):  
Joel Kuhn ◽  
Giorgos Papanastasiou ◽  
Cheuk-Wai Tai ◽  
Carmel M Moran ◽  
Maurits A Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Intravascular Ultrasound ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ivus Imaging

Aim: To examine the multimodal contrasting ability of gold-dotted magnetic nanoparticles (Au*MNPs) for magnetic resonance (MR), computed tomography (CT) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging. Materials & methods: Au*MNPs were prepared by adapting an impregnation method, without using surface capping reagents and characterized (transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) with their in vitro cytotoxicity assessed, followed by imaging assessments. Results: The contrast-enhancing ability of Au*MNPs was shown to be concentration-dependent across MR, CT and IVUS imaging. The Au content of the Au*MNP led to evident increases of the IVUS signal. Conclusion: We demonstrated that Au*MNPs showed concentration-dependent contrast-enhancing ability in MRI and CT imaging, and for the first-time in IVUS imaging due to the Au content. These Au*MNPs are promising toward solidifying tri-modal imaging-based theragnostics.

Solidification of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Loaded Testosterone Undecanoate: In Vivo and In Vitro Study

Drug Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (08) ◽  
pp. 457-464
Author(s):  
Yabing Hua ◽  
Wanqing Li ◽  
Zhou Cheng ◽  
Ziming Zhao ◽  
Xiaoxing Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Cell Permeability ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Testosterone Undecanoate ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dissolution In Vitro

To enhance the bioavailability of testosterone undecanoate (TU) and overcome the current problem of soft capsules (Andriol Testocaps®), Nano-structured lipid carriers (NLC) for TU was developed. First, suspension of TU-loaded NLC (TU-NLC) was prepared by high pressure homogenization; then adsorbent or a protective agent β-cyclodextrin was used to solidify the suspension through a vacuum system; finally, the solid powder of TU-loaded NLC (solid TU-NLC) was filled into hard capsules. The characteristics of solid TU-NLC, were investigated in vitro and vivo. The particle size of TU-NLC was about 273.3 nm, the potential was 0.156±0.04. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed that the NLC was spherical and uniform. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) suggested the drug had been encapsulated into NLC lipid matrix. The drug release proved that solid TU-NLC showed a higher dissolution in vitro. The CaCO-2 cell permeability showed that solid TU-NLC could enhance trans-membrane absorption of the TU. Moreover, the AUC of solid TU-NLC formulations (4304±550.50 μg/L*min) was higher than commercial product Andriol Testocaps® (3075±372.50 μg/L*min). In conclusion, solid TU-NLC could enhance the rate of dissolution, and had a relatively higher bioavailability than Andriol Testocaps® in vivo Graphical Abstract.

scholarly journals A Recombinant Snake Cathelicidin Derivative Peptide: Antibiofilm Properties and Expression in Escherichia coli

Biomolecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedeh Tajbakhsh ◽  
Maziar Akhavan ◽  
Fatemeh Fallah ◽  
Abdollah Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Recombinant Peptide

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic microorganisms has been led to an urgent need for antibiotic alternatives. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been introduced as promising therapeutic agents because of their remarkable potentials. A new modified cathelicidin-BF peptide (Cath-A) with 34 amino acid sequences, represents the potential antimicrobial effects against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with slight hemolytic and cytotoxic activities on eukaryotic cells. In this study, the effects of Cath-A on Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from medical instruments were studied. Cath-A inhibited the growth of bacterial cells in the range of 8–16 μg/mL and 16-≥256 μg/mL for A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa, respectively. The peptide significantly removed the established biofilms. To display a representative approach for the cost-effective constructions of peptides, the recombinant Cath-A was cloned in the expression vector pET-32a(+) and transformed to Escherichia coli BL21. The peptide was expressed with a thioredoxin (Trx) sequence in optimum conditions. The recombinant peptide was purified with a Ni2+ affinity chromatography and the mature peptide was released after removing the Trx fusion protein with enterokinase. The final concentration of the partially purified peptide was 17.6 mg/L of a bacterial culture which exhibited antimicrobial activities. The current expression and purification method displayed a fast and effective system to finally produce active Cath-A for further in-vitro study usage.

scholarly journals Influence of chemically and biosynthesized silver nanoparticles on in vitro viability and infectivity of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ahmed kamal dyab ◽  
Salwa Mahmoud Abd-ELrahman ◽  
Abeer El-sayed Mahmoud ◽  
Nahed Ahmed Elossily ◽  
Fahd mohammed Alsharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Muscle Larvae ◽  
Principal Finding ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Biosynthesized Agnps ◽  
Vitro Effect

Background Trichinellosis is a serious worldwide parasitic zoonosis. The available therapy for the treatment of Trichinella spiralis is not satisfactory. This work aimed at evaluating of the in vitro effect of silver Therefore, the recovery of effective treatment is required.nanoparticles (AgNPs) on muscle larvae of Trichinella. Methodology / principal finding The present study investigated the larvicidal properties of chemical and myrrh AgNPs on muscle larvae (ML) of T. spiralis. The used AgNPs were chemically prepared using NaBH4 as reducing agent and biosynthesized using methanolic myrrh extract. Characterization of synthesized AgNPs was monitored via UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. The ML incubated with AgNPs at concentrations ranged from 1μg/ml to 20μg/ml. Conclusions /Significance Chemical and biosynthesized AgNPs revealed marked larvicidal effect against ML of Trichinella. Additionally, this in vitro study showed degenerative changes  affecting the cuticle of AgNPs treated ML. The effectiveness of AgNPs on the infectivity of Trichinella ML was also assessed. The results showed complete inhibition of the infectivity of ML exposed to sublethal doses of chemical and myrrh prepared AgNPs when used to infect animal models. This is the first report where myrrh synthesized AgNPs have been tested for their anthelminthic activity against Trichinella in an in vitro model.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF DECASAN CHLORHEXIDINE AND IODOPHORAM ON STANDARD MICROBIAL STRAINS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
M.M. Ananieva ◽  
Y.V. Chumak ◽  
G.A. Loban ◽  
M.O. Faustova
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Crystalline Substance ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Tooth Socket ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Esherichia Coli ◽  
Microbial Strains

The problem of treatment and prevention of infectious-inflammatory post extraction complications in modern surgical dentistry are still challenging, despite the great advances in this field. Many etiological factors are identified as contributing to the development of such complications, but at present scientists are paying much attention to the infectious factor, which is associated with the microflora of the tooth socket after tooth removal. According to the literature, the most common post-extraction complication during an outpatient surgical appointment is alveolitis, which accounts for 1-35% of all cases of tooth extraction. To combat an infectious etiological factor of alveolitis, dental surgeons apply topical antiseptics with a broad spectrum of action such as iodoform and chlorhexidine. As a topical antiseptic drug in the treatment and prevention of oral infectious and inflammatory complications, a domestic antiseptic, Decasan, based on decamethoxine, is becoming more widely applied. Previous studies have shown that this antiseptic has antimicrobial effect against gram-positive and gram-negative, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria; this requires further in-depth studies of its properties, which could be applied in the dental surgical practice to treat and prevent infectious-inflammatory post extraction complications. Chlorhexidine bigluconate is a cationic biguanide. Penetrating into the intracellular membranes of bacteria, it impedes the oxygen consumption and leads to the death of bacterial cells. This antiseptic is widely used in dental practice. Treatment of alveolitis is carried out by using the standard method, namely by using iodoform tamponade of the tooth socket in combination with other medicines. Iodoform (triiodomethane) is a yellow crystalline substance with a strong characteristic odor, practically insoluble in water. In dentistry, this drug is used as an antiseptic in powder form, or combined pastes. The purpose of this in vitro study is to investigate the antimicrobial properties of Decasan, chlorhexidine and iodoform against museum microbial strains. Materials and methods. Museum strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Esherichia coli ATCC 25922, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, obtained from L.V. Gromashevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, were used as studied cultures of microorganisms. The antimicrobial effect of decasan, chlorhexidine and iodoform was assessed by quantitative method of serial dilutions in broth and agar according to the order №167, dated 5.04.2007 On approval of guidelines “Determination of sensitivity of microorganisms to antibacterial drugs". Conclusion. According to the data obtained, decasan and chlorhexidine demonstrate higher bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect on the studied museum microbial strains at a concentration thousands of times lower than the concentration of iodoform.

The Inhibitory Effects of Lactobacillus Supernatants and Their Metabolites on the Growth and Biofilm Formation of Klebsiella pneumoniae

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Kheiri ◽  
Rouha Kasra Kermanshahi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Effective Product ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common cause of hospital acquired infections including urinary tract infection (UTI). Biofilm formation makes the K. pneumoniae infection more complicated and carrying extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) genes limits antibiotic choices for treatment. Lactobacillus strains are known as natural protective barriers against UTIs. Objectives: This is a small in-vitro study aimed to determine the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus strains and some types of their metabolites on the growth and biofilm of UTI isolated and reference strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methods: The efficacy of Lactobacillus supernatants and antibiotics in prevention and elimination of K. pneumoniae biofilms was determined using a quantitative adherence assay. A rapid colorimetric microplate bioassay was applied for detection of survived bacterial cells after treatment with antibacterial agents. Biofilm phenotypes were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The results showed that seven out of eight ESBL producing uropathogenic K. pneumoniae isolates in this study were able to produce biofilm. Lactobacillus supernatants at 1:1 to 1:16 dilutions, had more than 95% biofilm-inhibitory and biofilm-killing properties on strong biofilm producer isolate. Supra-MIC levels of antibiotics had much lower anti-biofilm effect than Lactobacillus supernatant and left considerable alive biofilm cells. Conclusions: Although antibiotic resistance increases in biofilm forms of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Lactobacillus supernatants have strong antibiofilm efficacy even in concentrations lower than MIC. Biofilm formation decreases considerably in the presence of Lactobacillus supernatants. Hydrogen peroxide is an effective product against growth and biofilm formation of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

The Effectiveness of Three Instrumentation Techniques on the Elimination of Entererococcus Faecalis from a Root Canal: An In Vitro Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meltem Çolak ◽  
Sinan Evcil ◽  
Y. Ziya Bayindir ◽  
Nimet Yigit
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Rotary Instruments ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Before And After

Abstract The in vitro reduction of a bacterial population in a root canal by mechanical instrumentation using three techniques was evaluated. Root canals inoculated with a Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) suspension were instrumented using hand Hedstroem files, Giromatic files, and Hero 642 rotary instruments. Irrigation was performed using sterile saline solution. Root canals were sampled before and after instrumentation. After serial dilutions, samples were plated onto Mitis-Salivarius agar and the colony forming units grown were counted. All instruments tested were able to significantly reduce the number of bacterial cells in the root canal, however, the results of this study indicated that Hedstroem files, Giromatic, and Hero 642 techniques were not significantly different in their ability to reduce intracanal bacteria. Citation Colak M, Evcil S, Bayindir Y, Yigit N. The Effectiveness of Three Instrumentation Techniques on the Elimination of Enterococcus Faecalis from a Root Canal: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 February;(6)1:094-106.

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