scholarly journals Fabrication and Characterization of Diclofenac Sodium Loaded Hydrogels of Sodium Alginate as Sustained Release Carrier

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Muhammad Suhail ◽  
Arshad Khan ◽  
Jessica M Rosenholm ◽  
Muhammad Usman Minhas ◽  
Pao-Chu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Research Work ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Sulphonic Acid ◽  
Sustained Delivery ◽  
Long Duration

The aim of the current study was to fabricate naturally derived polymer based hydrogels for controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DS) for a long duration of time. In this research work, sodium alginate-co-poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulphonic acid) (SA-co-poly(AMPS)) hydrogels were prepared by the free radical polymerization technique, where sodium alginate (SA) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulphonic acid (AMPS) were used as the polymer and monomer while ammonium peroxodisulfate (APS) and N,N′-Methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) were used as the initiator and cross-linker, respectively. A swelling study was performed to determine the swelling index of developed hydrogels in both acidic (pH 1.2) and basic (pH 7.4) media and pH-independent swelling was observed due to the presence of AMPS. An in vitro release study was conducted to evaluate the percentage of drug released, and a high release of the drug was found at the higher pH of 7.4. Sol–gel analysis was performed to analyze the crosslinked and uncrosslinked part of the hydrogels, and results showed a rise in gel fraction as the composition of SA, AMPS and MBA increased while the sol fraction decreased and vice versa. This work demonstrated a potential for sustained delivery of diclofenac sodium by employing various concentration of SA, AMPS and MBA.

scholarly journals Formulation and Characterization of Tranylcypromine loaded Polymeric Micellar In-Situ Nasal Gel for treatment of Depression

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-165
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Micelles ◽  
Research Work ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Polymeric Micelle ◽  
In Situ Gel ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
In Situ Nasal Gel

:Tranylcypromine is a drug used as antidepressant,anxiolytic, nonselective MAO A/B inhibitor. This drug is used to treat depression.The research was conducted to develop a polymeric micelle using a block copolymer, Pluronic F-68 and Gelucire 50/13 to improve the permeability of Tranylcypromine (TCP). A direct dissolution method was used to prepare polymeric micelles. The prepared micelles were characterised for particle size, % EE, zeta potential, in-vitro release. These micelles solution was used to prepare in situ gel by cold method in order to achieve controlled release. Central composite design was used for optimization of both polymeric micelles and insitu nasal gel.The main objective of this research work is to develop formulation acting centrally without undergoing first pass metabolism i.ie. directly nasal to brain delivery route.

Preparation and Characterization of Sodium Alginate-Based Hydrogels and Their In Vitro Release Studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Bandla Manjula ◽  
Kokkarachedu Varaprasad ◽  
Rotimi Sadiku ◽  
K. Mohana Raju
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Release Studies ◽  
Vitro Release

scholarly journals Preparation and evaluation of polymeric beads composed of Chitosan–Gellan Gum–Gum Ghatti/-Gum Karaya polyelectrolyte complexes as polymeric carrier for enteric sustained delivery of Diclofenac sodium

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag Verma ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Vaibhav Rastogi ◽  
Piyush Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Gellan Gum ◽  
Hypodermic Needle ◽  
Sustained Delivery ◽  
Polymeric Carrier ◽  
Gum Karaya ◽  
Gum Ghatti

Abstract Background An enteric coating is a multistep technique that involves deposition of a polymeric barrier over uncoated orally administered tablets to prevent them from dissolving or disintegrating in the stomach. However, as soon as the coating dissolves in the alkaline environment of intestine, the whole of the drug come in direct contact with gastric mucosa leading to irritation to distal parts of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Considering the above facts, there is clear need to develop a simple and effective enteric release formulation for gastric irritant drugs like Diclofenac sodium (DS). The goal of this study was to create enteric release polymeric polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) beads made up of cationic Chitosan (CH) and anionic Gellan Gum (GG) for sustained DS delivery to the intestine. The beads were prepared by extruding a solution of GG and Gum Ghatti (GT) or GG and Gum Karaya (GK) bearing DS into CH solution in 1% w/v acetic acid, with the help of a syringe fitted with a 18 gauge hypodermic needle. Results Instantly created spherical beads were dried in a hot air oven 60 °C overnight. In 0.1 M HCl and 6.8 pH phosphate buffer, the dried beads were tested for drug entrapment in the beads, in vitro swelling of beads and in vitro drug release studies from the beads. The % drug entrapment efficiencies (% DEE) of these PEC beads ranged from 59.54 ± 2.09 to 81.03 ± 4.22%. In 0.1 M HCl, the PEC beads swelled the least in vitro, but expanded significantly in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). The in vitro release of Diclofenac sodium from different PEC beads in 0.1 M HCl was found to be less than 7.5 percent, whereas the release was sustained for 6 h in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). Conclusions From the experimental data, it may be concluded that these PEC beads can be useful as potential multiple-unit enteric release polymeric carrier systems for sustained delivery of gastric irritant drugs like Diclofenac sodium.

Formulation and Characterization of Sodium Alginate g-Hydroxy Ethylacrylate Bio-Degradable Polymeric Beads: In Vitro Release Studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chavidi Venkata Prasad ◽  
Bala Yerri Swamy ◽  
Chanda Lakshmi Narayana Reddy ◽  
Kokkarachedu Vara Prasad ◽  
Posa Sudhakara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Release Studies ◽  
Polymeric Beads ◽  
Vitro Release

scholarly journals Using Carbomer-Based Hydrogels for Control the Release Rate of Diclofenac Sodium: Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Muhammad Suhail ◽  
Pao-Chu Wu ◽  
Muhammad Usman Minhas
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Research Work ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Porous Network ◽  
Amorphous Network ◽  
Poly Acrylic Acid

The aim of the current research work was to prepare Car934-g-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels by the free-radical polymerization technique. Various concentrations of carbopol, acrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were employed for the fabrication of Car934-g-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) studies were performed to know the structural arrangement, thermal stability, physical appearance and amorphous network of developed hydrogels. FTIR analysis revealed that carbopol reacted with acrylic acid during the process of polymerization and confirmed the grafting of acrylic acid over the backbone of carbopol. TGA and DSC studies showed that developed hydrogels were thermally stable. Surface morphology was analyzed by SEM, which confirmed a porous network of hydrogels. PXRD analysis indicated that crystallinity of the drug was reduced by the amorphous network of hydrogels. Furthermore, swelling studies for all developed hydrogels were performed at both media, i.e., pH 1.2 and 7.4, and higher swelling was exhibited at pH 7.4. Sol–gel analysis was performed to evaluate the soluble unreacted part of the fabricated hydrogels. Similarly, an in-vitro study was conducted for all hydrogel formulations at both acidic (pH 1.2) and basic (pH 7.4) mediums, and a greater drug release was observed at pH 7.4. Different kinetics such as zero-order, first-order, the Higuchi model and the Korsmeyer–Peppas model were applied to know the mechanism of release order of drugs from the hydrogels.

Enoxaparin-immobilized poly(ε-caprolactone)- based nanogels for sustained drug delivery systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Haroun ◽  
Amany M. El Nahrawy ◽  
Philipe Maincent
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Sustained Delivery ◽  
Sustained Drug Delivery ◽  
Model Drug ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Efficient Loading

AbstractEnoxaparin-immobilized gelatin/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) or Eudragit® RS230D nanogels in the presence of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as polycondensation reagent were designed and characterized for their sustained drug delivery ability. Enoxaparin (anti-Xa 1000 UI/mL) was used as a model drug at different concentrations (300, 500, and 1000 UI/mL). The resulting nanogels were prepared using sol-gel technique and analyzed using several analytical tools such as: thermal analysis (DSC and TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmitting electron microscopes (SEM and TEM). In addition to particle size, zeta potential and in vitro release profiles were also investigated. A burst effect was observed, afterwards, the release rate became steady. The immobilization of enoxaparin into the gel network led to the formation of stable nanogels with ionic functional groups, which enable the efficient loading and sustainable release. The preliminary results showed that enoxaparin-immobilized PCL-based nanogels in this study can be utilized in the design of a sustained delivery system.

Solubility Enhancement of Poorly Water-Soluble Antifungal Drug Acyclovir by Nanocrystal Formulation Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 4036-4042
Author(s):  
Prakash Goudanavar ◽  
Ankit Acharya ◽  
Vinay C.H
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Dsc Studies ◽  
Ft Ir

Administration of an antiviral drug, acyclovir via the oral route leads to low and variable bioavailability (15-30%). Therefore, this research work was aimed to enhance bioavailability of acyclovir by nanocrystallization technique. The drug nanocrystals were prepared by anti-solvent precipitation method in which different stabilizers were used. The formed nanocrystals are subjected to biopharmaceutical characterization including solubility, particle size and in-vitro release. SEM studies showed nano-crystals were crystalline nature with sharp peaks. The formulated drug nanocrystals were found to be in the range of 600-900nm and formulations NC7 and NC8 showed marked improvement in dissolution velocity when compared to pure drug, thus providing greater bioavailability. FT-IR and DSC studies revealed the absence of any chemical interaction between drug and polymers used. 

Quality-by-Design Enabled Chitosan Nanoparticles for Antitubercular Therapy: Formulation, Statistical Optimization, and In vitro Characterization

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manasi M. Chogale ◽  
Sujay S. Gaikwad ◽  
Savita P. Kulkarni ◽  
Vandana B. Patravale
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Antitubercular Therapy ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Average Size

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be among the leading causes for high mortality among developing countries. Though a seemingly effective treatment regimen against TB is in place, there has been no significant improvement in the therapeutic rates. This is primarily owing to the high drug doses, their associated sideeffects, and prolonged treatment regimen. Discontinuation of therapy due to the severe side effects of the drugs results in the progression of the infection to the more severe drug-resistant TB. Objectives: Reformulation of the current existing anti TB drugs into more efficient dosage forms could be an ideal way out. Nanoformulations have been known to mitigate the side effects of toxic, high-dose drugs. Hence, the current research work involves the formulation of Isoniazid (INH; a first-line anti TB molecule) loaded chitosan nanoparticles for pulmonary administration. Methods: INH loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method using an anionic crosslinker. Drugexcipient compatibility was evaluated using DSC and FT-IR. The formulation was optimized on the principles of Qualityby-Design using a full factorial design. Results: The obtained nanoparticles were spherical in shape having an average size of 620±10.97 nm and zeta potential +16.87±0.79 mV. Solid state characterization revealed partial encapsulation and amorphization of INH into the nanoparticulate system. In vitro release study confirmed an extended release of INH from the system. In vitro cell line based safety and efficacy studies revealed satisfactory results. Conclusion: The developed nanosystem is thus an efficient approach for antitubercular therapy.

scholarly journals Formulation and development of metformin-loaded microspheres using Khaya senegalensis (Meliaceae) gum as co-polymer

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chukwuebuka H. Ozoude ◽  
Chukwuemeka P. Azubuike ◽  
Modupe O. Ologunagba ◽  
Sejoro S. Tonuewa ◽  
Cecilia I. Igwilo
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Metformin Hydrochloride ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Khaya Senegalensis

Abstract Background Khaya gum is a bark exudate from Khaya senegalensis (Maliaecae) that has drug carrier potential. This study aimed to formulate and comparatively evaluate metformin-loaded microspheres using blends of khaya gum and sodium alginate. Khaya gum was extracted and subjected to preformulation studies using established protocols while three formulations (FA; FB and FC) of metformin (1% w/v)-loaded microspheres were prepared by the ionic gelation method using 5% zinc chloride solution as the cross-linker. The formulations contained 2% w/v blends of khaya gum and sodium alginate in the ratios of 2:3, 9:11, and 1:1, respectively. The microspheres were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, entrapment efficiency, swelling index, and in vitro release studies. Results Yield of 28.48%, pH of 4.00 ± 0.05, moisture content (14.59% ± 0.50), and fair flow properties (Carr’s index 23.68 ± 1.91 and Hausner’s ratio 1.31 ± 0.03) of the khaya gum were obtained. FTIR analyses showed no significant interaction between pure metformin hydrochloride with excipients. Discrete spherical microspheres with sizes ranging from 1200 to 1420 μm were obtained. Drug entrapment efficiency of the microspheres ranged from 65.6 to 81.5%. The release of the drug from microspheres was sustained for the 9 h of the study as the cumulative release was 62% (FA), 73% (FB), and 80% (FC). The release kinetics followed Korsmeyer-Peppas model with super case-II transport mechanism. Conclusion Blends of Khaya senegalensis gum and sodium alginate are promising polymer combination for the preparation of controlled-release formulations. The blend of the khaya gum and sodium alginate produced microspheres with controlled release properties. However, the formulation containing 2:3 ratio of khaya gum and sodium alginate respectively produced microspheres with comparable controlled release profiles to the commercial brand metformin tablet.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document