scholarly journals Calves Infected with Virulent and Attenuated Mycoplasma bovis Strains Have Upregulated Th17 Inflammatory and Th1 Protective Responses, Respectively

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao ◽  
Han ◽  
Liu ◽  
Li ◽  
Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Induced Immunity

Mycoplasma bovis is a critical bovine pathogen, but its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, the virulent HB0801 (P1) and attenuated HB0801-P150 (P150) strains of M. bovis were used to explore the potential pathogenesis and effect of induced immunity from calves’ differential transcriptomes post infection. Nine one-month-old male calves were infected with P1, P150, or mock-infected with medium and euthanized at 60 days post-infection. Calves in P1 group exhibited other clinical signs and pathological changes compared to the other two groups. Transcriptome profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed seven and 10 hub differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in P1 and P150 groups compared with mock-infected group, respectively. Then, P1-induced pathogenesis was predicted to be associated with enhanced Th17, and P150-induced immunity with Th1 response and expression of ubiquitination-associated enzymes. Association analysis showed that 14 and 11 DEGs were positively and negatively correlated with pathological changes, respectively. Furthermore, up-regulated expression in molecules critical to differentiation of pathogenic Th17 cells in lung and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in P1 group was validated at RNA and protein levels. The results confirmed virulent and attenuated strains might be associated with biased differentiation of pro-inflammatory pathogenic Th17 and Th1 subsets respectively.

scholarly journals Persistence and Dissemination of Simian Retrovirus Type 2 DNA in Relation to Viremia, Seroresponse, and Experimental Transmissibility in Macaca fascicularis

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (20) ◽  
pp. 10751-10759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roseanne C. Wilkinson ◽  
Claire K. Murrell ◽  
Rebecca Guy ◽  
Gail Davis ◽  
Joanna M. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Serological Status ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells

ABSTRACT Endemic simian retrovirus (SRV) infection can cause fatal simian AIDS in Macaca fascicularis, but many individuals survive with few clinical signs. To further clarify the parameters of SRV pathogenesis, we investigated the persistence of viral DNA forms in relation to active viremia, antibody response, and transmissibility of infection. In M. fascicularis from endemically SRV-2-infected colonies, viral DNA was present in both linear and unintegrated long terminal repeat circular forms in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of all viremic and many nonviremic animals. Long-term followup of three individuals with distinct infection patterns demonstrated persistence of linear and circular forms of viral DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tissues, irrespective of viremia or antibody status, but reactivation of latent infections was not observed. The role of viral DNA in transmission and early pathogenesis of SRV-2 was investigated by inoculation of SRV-2 DNA-positive blood into groups of naïve M. fascicularis from either a viremic or nonviremic donor and subsequent analysis of the virological and serological status of the recipients. Transmission of SRV and development of anti-SRV antibodies were only observed in recipients of blood from the viremic donor; transfer of SRV provirus and unintegrated circular DNA in blood from the nonviremic donor did not lead to infection of the recipients. These results indicate that a proportion of M. fascicularis are able to effectively control the replication and infectivity of SRV despite long-term persistence of viral DNA forms in infected lymphocytes.

scholarly journals Invasion of Bovine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Erythrocytes by Mycoplasma bovis

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 4570-4578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques van der Merwe ◽  
Tracy Prysliak ◽  
Jose Perez-Casal
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Immune Cell Population ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells

ABSTRACT Mycoplasma bovis is a small, cell wall-less bacterium that contributes to a number of chronic inflammatory diseases in both dairy and feedlot cattle, including mastitis and bronchopneumonia. Numerous reports have implicated M. bovis in the activation of the immune system, while at the same time inhibiting immune cell proliferation. However, it is unknown whether the specific immune-cell population M. bovis is capable of attaching to and potentially invading. Here, we demonstrate that incubation of M. bovis Mb1 with bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) resulted in a significant reduction in their proliferative responses while still remaining viable and capable of gamma interferon secretion. Furthermore, we show that M. bovis Mb1 can be found intracellularly (suggesting a role for either phagocytosis or attachment/invasion) in a number of select bovine PBMC populations (T cells, B cells, monocytes, γδ T cells, dendritic cells, NK cells, cytotoxic T cells, and T-helper cells), as well as red blood cells, albeit it at a significantly lower proportion. M. bovis Mb1 appeared to display three main patterns of intracellular staining: diffuse staining, an association with the intracellular side of the cell membrane, and punctate/vacuole-like staining. The invasion of circulating immune cells and erythrocytes could play an important role in disease pathogenesis by aiding the transport of M. bovis from the lungs to other sites.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Alpha-Mangostin to Dengue Virus Replication and Cytokines Expression in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaenal Sugiyanto ◽  
Benediktus Yohan ◽  
Soeharyo Hadisaputro ◽  
Edi Dharmana ◽  
Catharina Suharti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells

Abstract Massive pro-inflammatory cytokines production has been correlated with the pathogenesis of severe dengue disease. The active compound of mangosteen fruit pericarps, α-mangostin, has been commonly used as traditional medicine and dietary supplement. We examined the effect of α-mangostin against dengue virus (DENV) infection in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by the measurement of virus titer and TNF-α and IFN-γ cytokines concentration post infection. Increasing concentration of α-mangostin inhibited virus replication and reduced inflammatory cytokines expression at 24- and 48-h post infection. Our results support the potential use of α-mangostin as anti-antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapies in the treatment of dengue. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Crocodylus mindorensis (Philippine crocodile) serum in cell-free and cell-associated virus interactions to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Hinay ◽  
Nelyn Mae Cadotdot ◽  
Marilou Tablizo
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Activity ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Hiv 1

AbstractHighly-Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is the recommended treatment and management strategy for HIV infection. Although the existing antiretroviral drugs are indispensably significant in improving the quality of lives of HIV/AIDS individuals, the drugs still have many limitations including resistance, production of toxicity, and their limited availability. These limitations continue to open new opportunities in the use of ethnomedicine for the management of HIV/AIDS. With this, few researchers have made an effort to test the inhibitory activity of crocodile serum as it has a unique and diverse molecular activity in preventing HIV-1 replication. In this study, a cell culture-based assay was utilized coupled with colorimetric enzyme immunoassay to determine the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity. One HIV-1 seropositive serum was processed for Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) co-culture from which HIV-1 isolates were obtained. The HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity after 21 days was 0.5928 pg/well. Moreover, a baseline Philippine crocodile serum concentration of 0.5% vol/vol was used based on the previous study conducted by Hinay and Sarol (2018) and the cell viability results showed no cell reduction of mononuclear cells after 72 hours incubation. The inhibitory activity of the Philippine crocodile serum at 0.5% and 0.25% vol/vol concentrations inhibited 65.68±2.93% and 69.92±0.45% respectively in post-infection interactions. In addition, the Philippine crocodile serum in pre-infection interaction at 0.5% and 0.25% vol/vol concentrations inhibited 68.61±1.67% and 69.95±2.24% respectively. As has been noted, the inhibitory actions of the Philippine crocodile serum effectively regulate the HIV-1 replication in both pre- and post-infection interactions.

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