Improvement of Stable Restorer Lines for Blast Resistance through Functional Marker in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Two popular stable restorer lines, CB 87 R and CB 174 R, were improved for blast resistance through marker-assisted back-cross breeding (MABB). The hybrid rice development program in South India extensively depends on these two restorer lines. However, these restorer lines are highly susceptible to blast disease. To improve the restorer lines for resistance against blasts, we introgressed the broad-spectrum dominant gene Pi54 into these elite restorer lines through two independent crosses. Foreground selection for Pi54 was done by using gene-specific functional marker, Pi54 MAS, at each back-cross generation. Back-crossing was continued until BC3 and background analysis with seventy polymorphic SSRs covering all the twelve chromosomes to recover the maximum recurrent parent genome was done. At BC3F2, closely linked gene-specific/SSR markers, DRRM-RF3-10, DRCG-RF4-8, and RM 6100, were used for the identification of fertility restoration genes, Rf3 and Rf4, along with target gene (Pi54), respectively, in the segregating population. Subsequently, at BC3F3, plants, homozygous for the Pi54 and fertility restorer genes (Rf3 and Rf4), were evaluated for blast disease resistance under uniform blast nursery (UBN) and pollen fertility status. Stringent phenotypic selection resulted in the identification of nine near-isogenic lines in CB 87 R × B 95 and thirteen in CB 174 R × B 95 as the promising restorer lines possessing blast disease resistance along with restoration ability. The improved lines also showed significant improvement in agronomic traits compared to the recurrent parents. The improved restorer lines developed through the present study are now being utilized in our hybrid development program.

Download Full-text

Improvement of rice blast resistance by developing monogenic lines, two-gene pyramids and three-gene pyramid through MAS

Rice ◽

10.1186/s12284-019-0336-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wuming Xiao ◽

Qiyun Yang ◽

Ming Huang ◽

Tao Guo ◽

Yongzhu Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rice Blast ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Blast Resistance ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Blast Disease ◽

Recurrent Parent ◽

Panicle Blast ◽

Gene Pyramid ◽

High Level ◽

Resistance Spectrum

Abstract Background Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) is one of the most destructive diseases in rice production. Development of resistant varieties through pyramiding of resistant (R) genes is considered as an effective strategy to cope with the disease. However, is it really essential to pyramid more R genes in a specific ecological regions? To answer this question, a set of rice improved lines were developed in this study. Afterwards, the blast disease resistance and agronomic traits of the recurrent parent (RP), donor parents (DPs) and improved lines were investigated. Results We developed seven improved lines, comprising three monogenic lines, three two-gene pyramids and one three-gene pyramid, by introgression of R gene(s) into a common genetic background using marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB). Based on 302 SSR markers, the recurrent genome of the seven improved lines reached a range of 89.1 to 95.5%, with the average genome recovery of 92.9%. The pathogenicity assays inoculated with 32 different blast isolates under artificial conditions showed that the resistance spectrum of all the improved lines was significantly broadened. The assays further showed that the two-gene pyramids and the three-gene pyramid exhibited wider resistance spectrum than the monogenic lines. At natural nurseries, the three monogenic lines still showed high ratios of infected panicles, whereas the two-gene pyramids and the three-gene pyramid showed high level of panicle blast resistance. However, the two-gene pyramid R504 reached the similar resistance effect of the three-gene pyramid R507 considering resistance spectrum under artificial conditions and panicle blast resistance under field conditions. Generally, the improved lines showed comparable agronomic traits compared with the recurrent parent (RP), but the three-gene pyramid showed reduced grain yield per plant. Conclusions All the improved lines conferred wider resistance spectrum compared with the RP. Yet, the three monogenic lines did not work under field conditions of the two nurseries. Given the similar performances on the main agronomic traits as the RP, the two-gene pyramids have achieved the breeding goals of broad resistance spectrum and effective panicle blast resistance. Whereas, the three-gene pyramid harboring Pi2, Pi46 and Pita seems superfluous considering its reduced yield, although it also showed displayed high level of blast resistance. Thus, rational use of R genes rather than stacking more R genes is recommended to control the disease.

Download Full-text

Level of Endogenous Jasmonate is Critical for Durable Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance Against Rice Blast in a Japonica Rice Variety, Ziyu44

10.21203/rs.3.rs-571828/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xingyu An ◽

Hui Zhang ◽

Jinlu Li ◽

Rui Yang ◽

Qianchun Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Rice Blast ◽

Blast Resistance ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Blast Disease ◽

Japonica Rice ◽

Mycelium Growth ◽

Broad Spectrum Resistance

Abstract Background: The molecular mechanism of durable and broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast disease in japonica rice variety is still very little known. Ziyu44, a local japonica rice variety in Yunnan Province of China, has shown durable broad-spectrum blast resistance for more than 30 years, and provides an opportunity for us to explore the molecular basis of broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast in japonica rice variety.Methods and Results: We conducted a comparative study of mycelium growth, aposporium formation, the accumulation of salicylate(SA), jasmonate(JA) and H2O2, the expression of SA- and JA-associated genes between Ziyu44 and susceptible variety Jiangnanxiangnuo (JNXN) upon M. oryzae infection. We found that appressorium formation and invasive hyphae extention were greatly inhibited in Ziyu 44 leaves compared with that in JNXN leaves. Both Ziyu 44 and JNXN plants maintained high levels of baseline SA and did not show increased accumulation of SA after inoculation with M. oryzae, while the levels of baseline JA in Ziyu 44 and JNXN plants were relatively low, and the accumulation of JA exhibited markedly increased in Ziyu 44 plants upon M. oryzae infection. The expression levels of key genes involving JA and SA signaling pathway OsCOI1b, OsNPR1, OsMPK6 as well as pathogenesis-related (PR) genes OsPR1a, OsPR1b and OsPBZ1, were markedly up-regulated in Ziyu44. Conclusions: The level of endogenous JA is critical for synchronous activation of SA and JA signaling pathway, up-regulating PR gene expression and enhancing disease resistance against rice blast in Ziyu44.

Download Full-text

GENE ACTION OF AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

Bangladesh Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ◽

10.3329/bjpbg.v20i2.17033 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 31-36

Author(s):

P. S. Biswas ◽

M. Enamul Haque

Keyword(s):

Gene Action ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

Recessive Gene ◽

Diallel Cross ◽

Thousand Grain Weight ◽

Dominance Model ◽

Partial Dominance ◽

Days To Heading

Six parent diallel cross without reciprocal was studied to investigate the genetic behavior of different agronomic traits in rice. The analysis of Wr-Vr graph showed that panicle length, thousand grain weight and grain yield per plant did not follow the additive-dominance model indicating epistatic gene action responsible for the expression of these traits. All other traits under the study were conditioned by overdominance gene action except grains per panicle, which was controlled by partial dominance. The Yr? (Vr + Wr)? graph revealed random distribution of dominant and recessive gene in expressing different traits in different parent, while correlation between parental mean and parental order of dominance indicated increasing effect of dominant gene for all the traits except days to heading and % spikelet sterility.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i2.17033

Download Full-text

Combining Ability Analysis of Blast Disease Resistance and Agronomic Traits in Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn]

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v8n11p138 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 138 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lawrence Owere ◽

Pangirayi Tongoona ◽

John Derera ◽

Nelson Wanyera

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Finger Millet ◽

Gene Action ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

The Other ◽

Blast Disease ◽

Additive Gene Action ◽

Gene Effects ◽

Additive Gene

Blast disease is the most important biotic constraint to finger millet production. Therefore disease resistant varieties are required. However, there is limited information on combining ability for resistance and indeed other agronomic traits of the germplasm in Uganda. This study was carried out to estimate the combining ability and gene effects controlling blast disease resistance and selected agronomic traits in finger millet. Thirty six crosses were generated from a 9 × 9 half diallel mating design. The seed from the 36 F1 crosses were advanced by selfing and the F2 families and their parents were evaluated in three replications. General combining ability (GCA) for head blast resistance and the other agronomic traits were all highly significant (p ≤ 0.01), whereas specific combining ability (SCA) was highly significant for all traits except grain yield and grain mass head-1. On partitioning the mean sum of squares, the GCA values ranged from 31.65% to 53.05% for head blast incidence and severity respectively, and 36.18% to 77.22% for the other agronomic traits measured. Additive gene effects were found to be predominant for head blast severity, days to 50% flowering, grain yield, number of productive tillers plant-1, grain mass head-1, plant height and panicle length. Non-additive gene action was predominant for number of fingers head-1, finger width and panicle width. The parents which contributed towards high yield were Seremi 2, Achaki, Otunduru, Bulo and Amumwari. Generally, highly significant additive gene action implied that progress would be made through selection whereas non-additive gene action could slow selection progress and indicated selection in the later generations.

Download Full-text

Development and validation of functional marker targeting an InDel in the major rice blast disease resistance gene Pi54 (Pik h )

Molecular Breeding ◽

10.1007/s11032-010-9538-6 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 129-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

G. Ramkumar ◽

K. Srinivasarao ◽

K. Madhan Mohan ◽

I. Sudarshan ◽

A. K. P. Sivaranjani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Resistance Gene ◽

Rice Blast ◽

Rice Blast Disease ◽

Functional Marker ◽

Blast Disease ◽

Disease Resistance Gene ◽

Development And Validation

Download Full-text

Development of Sakon Nakhon Rice Variety for Blast Resistance through Marker Assisted Backcross Breeding

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9020067 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 67 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nawaporn Srichant ◽

Sompong Chankaew ◽

Tidarat Monkham ◽

Petcharat Thammabenjapone ◽

Jirawat Sanitchon

Keyword(s):

Agronomic Traits ◽

Blast Resistance ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Cropping System ◽

Introgression Line ◽

Phenotypic Selection ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Breeding Population ◽

Blast Disease ◽

Resistance Qtls

The Sakon Nakhon (SKN) rice cultivar is non-photosensitive, rich in aroma, and an excellent choice for cooking quality; which adapts well to both upland and lowland conditions. Furthermore, it has been adopted by Thailand’s sugarcane growers, as it has proved fit for an upland crop preceding the sugarcane cropping system. However, SKN is very susceptible to blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae. The purpose of this study was to breed SKN for blast resistance, using marker-assisted backcrossing, together with phenotypic selection. The breeding population was constructed by crossing the SKN (recurrent) with the RD6 introgression line (donor), which contained four blast resistant quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Franking microsatellite markers for blast resistance QTLs on chromosomes 1, 2, 11 and 12 were used for selection through BC2F2. Thirteen BC2F3 selected lines were evaluated under greenhouse conditions, and seven lines of BC2F4 were evaluated against blast, along with their agronomic traits, under field conditions (upland and lowland). SKN 39-10-19-29-12 and SKN 39-10-19-29-13 presented high resistance to leaf and neck blast; and were non-photosensitive, with the same agronomic traits as the SKN. This study successfully demonstrates the improvement of the recommended SKN variety blast resistance, while maintaining similar agronomic traits.

Download Full-text

Rice Blast Disease in India: Present Status and Future Challenges

10.5772/intechopen.98847 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Deepak Chikkaballi Annegowda ◽

Mothukapalli Krishnareddy Prasannakumar ◽

Hirehally Basavarajegowda Mahesh ◽

Chethana Bangera Siddabasappa ◽

Pramesh Devanna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Genes ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Blast Resistance ◽

Gene Pyramiding ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Blast Disease ◽

Selection Marker ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Future Challenges ◽

Blast Resistance Genes

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food of the majority of Indians, and India is both the major producer and consumer of rice. Rice cultivation in India is confronted with diverse agro-climatic conditions, varying soil types, and several biotic and abiotic constraints. Among major fungal diseases of Rice in India, the blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is the most devastating disease, with the neck blast being the most destructive form. Most of the blast epidemic areas in India have been identified with a mixture of races blast fungus resulting in the resistance breakdown in a short period. At present, a more significant number of the rice varieties cultivated in India were bred by conventional breeding methods with blast resistance conferred by a single resistance gene. Therefore, the blast disease in India is predominantly addressed by the use of ecologically toxic fungicides. In line with the rest of the world, the Indian scientific community has proven its role by identifying several blast resistance genes and successfully pyramiding multiple blast resistance genes. Despite the wealth of information on resistance genes and the availability of biotechnology tools, not a great number of rice varieties in India harbor multiple resistance genes. In the recent past, a shift in the management of blast disease in India has been witnessed with a greater focus on basic research and modern breeding tools such as marker-assisted selection, marker-assisted backcross breeding, and gene pyramiding.

Download Full-text

Cloning and Function Analysis of a Novel Rice Blast Resistance Gene Pi65 in Japonica Rice

10.21203/rs.3.rs-762818/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lili Wang ◽

Zuobin Ma ◽

Houxiang Kang ◽

Shuang Gu ◽

Zhanna Mukhina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Resistance Gene ◽

Rice Blast ◽

Blast Resistance ◽

Rice Blast Disease ◽

Blast Disease ◽

Resistant Variety ◽

Japonica Rice ◽

Rice Blast Resistance ◽

Blast Resistance Gene

Abstract Rice blast seriously threatens rice production worldwide. Utilizing the rice blast resistance gene to breed the rice blast resistant varieties is one of the best ways to control rice blast disease. Using a map-based cloning strategy, here, we cloned a novel rice blast resistance gene, Pi65 from the resistant variety GangYu129 (abbreviated GY129, O. sativa japonica ). Overexpression of Pi65 in the susceptible variety LiaoXing1 (abbreviated LX1, O. sativa japonica ) enhanced rice blast resistance, while knockout of Pi65 in GY129 resulted in susceptible to rice blast disease. Pi65 encodes two transmembrane domains, with 15 LRR domains and one serine/threonine protein kinase catalytic domain, conferring resistance to isolates of M. oryzae collected from northeast China. There are sixteen amino acids differences between the Pi65 resistance and susceptible alleles. Compared with the Pi65 resistant allele, the susceptible allele deleted one LRR domain. Pi65 was constitutively expressed in whole plants, and it could be induce expressed in the early stage of M. oryzae infection . Transcriptome analysis revealed that numerous genes associated with disease resistance were specifically upregulated in GY129 24-hour post inoculation (HPI), on the contrary, the photosynthesis-and carbohydrate metabolism-related genes were particularly downregulated 24 HPI, demonstrating that the disease resistance associated genes has been activated in GY129 (carrying Pi65 ) after rice blast fungal infection, and the cellular basal and energy metabolism was inhibited simultaneously. Our study provides genetic resources for improving rice blast resistance as well as enriches the study of rice blast resistance mechanisms.

Download Full-text

Field Evaluation of RD6 Introgression Lines for Yield Performance, Blast, Bacterial Blight Resistance, and Cooking and Eating Qualities

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9120825 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 825 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Myo San Aung Nan ◽

Jirayoo Janto ◽

Arthit Sribunrueang ◽

Tidarat Monkham ◽

Jirawat Sanitchon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Blight ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Blast Resistance ◽

Blast Disease ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Resistance Qtls ◽

Leaf Blast ◽

The North ◽

Neck Blast

Glutinous rice cultivar “RD6” is well known for its fragrance and high cooking and eating qualities, and is the most popular glutinous cultivar in the north and northeastern regions of Thailand. However, it’s susceptible to blast and bacterial blight (BB) diseases. Previously, four blast resistance QTLs on chromosomes 1, 2, 11, and 12, and a single BB resistance gene xa5 pyramided to the background of the RD6 cultivar were tested for a broad spectrum of disease resistance under greenhouse conditions. In the present study, a field experiment was conducted during the rainy seasons of 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018, across three locations, for performance evaluations of promising lines in terms of disease reaction, agronomical characteristics, grain yield, and quality attributes. The results revealed that the ILs (BC2F5 2-7-5-36, BC2F5 2-7-5-43, BC2F5 2-8-2-25, and BC2F5 6-1/15-2-11) exhibited higher level resistance to leaf blast and neck blast disease. The BC2F5 2-8-2-52 showed resistance to both blast and BB diseases and, like all ILs, exhibited superior yield compared to the original RD6. Furthermore, the agronomic traits and grain qualities were similarly displaced, and were therefore recommended as near-isogenic lines to the RD6. This clearly demonstrated that farm phenotypic selection plays an important role in achieving not only NIL resistance to diseases, but also high yield potential, as well as representing an effective way in which to enhance BB, leaf blast, and neck blast resistance in rice planting in the north and northeastern regions of Thailand.

Download Full-text