scholarly journals Dermoscopic Criteria, Histopathological Correlates and Genetic Findings of Thin Melanoma on Non-Volar Skin

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1288
Author(s):  
Cesare Massone ◽  
Rainer Hofman-Wellenhof ◽  
Stefano Chiodi ◽  
Simona Sola
Keyword(s):  
Skin Neoplasms ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Superficial Spreading ◽  
Dermoepidermal Junction ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Genetic Landscape

Dermoscopy is a non-invasive, in vivo technique that allows the visualization of subsurface skin structures in the epidermis, at the dermoepidermal junction, and in the upper dermis. Dermoscopy brought a new dimension in evaluating melanocytic skin neoplasms (MSN) also representing a link between clinical and pathologic examination of any MSN. However, histopathology remains the gold standard in diagnosing MSN. Dermoscopic–pathologic correlation enhances the level of quality of MSN diagnosis and increases the level of confidence of pathologists. Melanoma is one of the most genetically predisposed among all cancers in humans. The genetic landscape of melanoma has been described in the last years but is still a field in continuous evolution. Melanoma genetic markers play a role not only in melanoma susceptibility, initiation, and progression but also in prognosis and therapeutic decisions. Several studies described the dermoscopic specific criteria and predictors for melanoma and their histopathologic correlates, but only a few studies investigated the correlation among dermoscopy, pathology, and genetic of MSN. The aim of this work is to review the published data about dermoscopic features of melanoma, their histopathological correlates with regards also to genetic alterations. Particularly, this review will focus on low-CSD (cumulative sun damage) melanoma or superficial spreading melanoma, high-CSD melanoma, and nevus-associated melanoma.

scholarly journals Nanobiotechnology medical applications: Overcoming challenges through innovation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Singer ◽  
Eleni Markoutsa ◽  
Alya Limayem ◽  
Subhra Mohapatra ◽  
Shyam S. Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Non Invasive

AbstractBiomedical Nanotechnology (BNT) has rapidly become a revolutionary force that is driving innovation in the medical field. BNT is a subclass of nanotechnology (NT), and often operates in cohort with other subclasses, such as mechanical or electrical NT for the development of diagnostic assays, therapeutic implants, nano-scale imaging systems, and medical machinery. BNT is generating solutions to many conventional challenges through the development of enhanced therapeutic delivery systems, diagnostic techniques, and theranostic therapies. Therapeutically, BNT has generated many novel nanocarriers (NCs) that each express specifically designed physiochemical properties that optimize their desired pharmacokinetic profile. NCs are also being integrated into nanoscale platforms that further enhance their delivery by controlling and prolonging their release profile. Nano-platforms are also proving to be highly efficient in tissue regeneration when combined with the appropriate growth factors. Regarding diagnostics, NCs are being designed to perform targeted delivery of luminescent tags and contrast agents that enhance the NC -aided imaging capabilities and resulting diagnostic accuracy of the presence of diseased cells. This technology has also been advancing the ability for surgeons to practice true precision surgical techniques. Incorporating therapeutic and diagnostic NC-components within a single NC can facilitate both functions, referred to as theranostics, which facilitates real-time in vivo tracking and observation of drug release events via enhanced imaging. Additionally, stimuli-responsive theranostic NCs are quickly developing as vectors for tumor ablation therapies by providing a model that facilitates the location of cancer cells for the application of an external stimulus. Overall, BNT is an interdisciplinary approach towards health care, and has the potential to significantly improve the quality of life for humanity by significantly decreasing the treatment burden for patients, and by providing non-invasive therapeutics that confer enhanced therapeutic efficiency and safety

Interventions for uncomplicated varicose veins

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Bachoo
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Popliteal Fossa ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Review Group ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Endoluminal Treatment

Objective To review the evidence regarding interventions (compression, sclerotherapy, surgery and endoluminal) for uncomplicated venous disease. Method A literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed. In addition, bibliographies of published data and the Cochrane Peripheral Vascular Review Group Specialist Register were examined. Publications describing an intervention for uncomplicated venous disease or trials comparing one intervention against another were considered. Results Uncomplicated but symptomatic varicose veins are associated with a significant reduction in quality of life (QoL). Evaluation must include a detailed history and examination supported by non-invasive imaging. Although HHD is useful, its utility is limited in the popliteal fossa. It can not provide morphological/anatomical detail when considering an endoluminal treatment option. Regardless of intervention, all treatments considered are associated with a significant improvement in QoL at acceptable cost. Conclusion Uncomplicated symptomatic varicose veins lead to a reduced QoL, which can be significantly improved by all interventions considered.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Imaging versus Radiographs in Differentiating Periapical Lesions: A Systematic Review

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1208
Author(s):  
Shankargouda Patil ◽  
Ahmed Alkahtani ◽  
Shilpa Bhandi ◽  
Mohammed Mashyakhy ◽  
Mario Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Periapical Lesions ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Endodontic Infection ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Invasive Method

Background: Ultrasonography is a non-invasive method of diagnosing periapical lesions while radiologic methods are more common. Periapical lesions due to endodontic infection are one of the most common causes of periapical radiolucency that need to be distinguished to help determine the course of treatment. This review aimed to examine the accuracy of ultrasound and compare it to radiographs in distinguishing these lesions in vivo. Methods: This review process followed the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search of databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science) was conducted without any restrictions on time. Articles available in English were included. The selection was done according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The QUADAS-2 tool was used to assess the quality of the studies. Results: The search provided a total of 87 articles, out of which, five were selected for the final review. In all the studies, ultrasound had higher accuracy in distinguishing periapical lesions. All the studies indicated a risk of bias, especially in patient selection. Conclusion: Within limitations, the study indicates that ultrasound is a better diagnostic tool to distinguish periapical lesions compared to radiographs but further studies with well-designed, rigorous protocols and low risk of bias are needed to provide stronger evidence.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Pomegranate Medicinal Products for Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Vlachojannis ◽  
Benno F. Zimmermann ◽  
Sigrun Chrubasik-Hausmann
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Regulatory Guidance ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Synthetic Drug

Preclinicalin vitroandin vivostudies demonstrate potent effects of pomegranate preparations in cancer cell lines and animal models with chemically induced cancers. We have carried out one systematic review of the effectiveness of pomegranate products in the treatment of cancer and another on their safety. The PubMed search provided 162 references for pomegranate and cancer and 122 references for pomegranate and safety/toxicity. We identified 4 clinical studies investigating 3 pomegranate products, of which one was inappropriate because of the low polyphenol content. The evidence of clinical effectiveness was poor because the quality of the studies was poor. Although there is no concern over safety with the doses used in the clinical studies, pomegranate preparations may be harmful by inducing synthetic drug metabolism through activation of liver enzymes. We have analysed various pomegranate products for their content of anthocyanins, punicalagin, and ellagic acid in order to compare them with the benchmark doses from published data. If the amount of coactive constituents is not declared, patients risk not benefiting from the putative pomegranate effects. Moreover, pomegranate end products are affected by many determinants. Their declaration should be incorporated into the regulatory guidance and controlled before pomegranate products enter the market.

scholarly journals Non-invasive stimulation of angiogenesis with shock-wave therapy in patients with coronary artery disease (literature review)

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
S. T Matskeplishvili ◽  
B. M Borbodoeva
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Myocardial Revascularization ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Shock Wave Therapy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Artery Disease

The article presents a review of published data regarding the most important problem in cardiology - treatment of patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction and improvement of quality of life in this group. The discussion covers the management of coronary artery disease in modern cardiology, new approaches to the treatment of coronary artery disease in patients without possibility of myocardial revascularization or after revascularization. The safety and effectiveness of shock-wave therapy in this group of patients is presented.

scholarly journals Enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma subtypes are characterized by loss of function of SETD2

2017 ◽  
Vol 214 (5) ◽  
pp. 1371-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea B. Moffitt ◽  
Sarah L. Ondrejka ◽  
Matthew McKinney ◽  
Rachel E. Rempel ◽  
John R. Goodlad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
T Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Type I ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Genetic Landscape ◽  
Frequent Mutations

Enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma (EATL) is a lethal, and the most common, neoplastic complication of celiac disease. Here, we defined the genetic landscape of EATL through whole-exome sequencing of 69 EATL tumors. SETD2 was the most frequently silenced gene in EATL (32% of cases). The JAK-STAT pathway was the most frequently mutated pathway, with frequent mutations in STAT5B as well as JAK1, JAK3, STAT3, and SOCS1. We also identified mutations in KRAS, TP53, and TERT. Type I EATL and type II EATL (monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T cell lymphoma) had highly overlapping genetic alterations indicating shared mechanisms underlying their pathogenesis. We modeled the effects of SETD2 loss in vivo by developing a T cell–specific knockout mouse. These mice manifested an expansion of γδ T cells, indicating novel roles for SETD2 in T cell development and lymphomagenesis. Our data render the most comprehensive genetic portrait yet of this uncommon but lethal disease and may inform future classification schemes.

scholarly journals Deep Learning Analysis of In Vivo Hyperspectral Images for Automated Intraoperative Nerve Detection

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1508
Author(s):  
Manuel Barberio ◽  
Toby Collins ◽  
Valentin Bencteux ◽  
Richard Nkusi ◽  
Eric Felli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Hyperspectral Images ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Average Sensitivity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
First Time ◽  
Learning Analysis

Nerves are critical structures that may be difficult to recognize during surgery. Inadvertent nerve injuries can have catastrophic consequences for the patient and lead to life-long pain and a reduced quality of life. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a non-invasive technique combining photography with spectroscopy, allowing non-invasive intraoperative biological tissue property quantification. We show, for the first time, that HSI combined with deep learning allows nerves and other tissue types to be automatically recognized in in vivo hyperspectral images. An animal model was used, and eight anesthetized pigs underwent neck midline incisions, exposing several structures (nerve, artery, vein, muscle, fat, skin). State-of-the-art machine learning models were trained to recognize these tissue types in HSI data. The best model was a convolutional neural network (CNN), achieving an overall average sensitivity of 0.91 and a specificity of 1.0, validated with leave-one-patient-out cross-validation. For the nerve, the CNN achieved an average sensitivity of 0.76 and a specificity of 0.99. In conclusion, HSI combined with a CNN model is suitable for in vivo nerve recognition.

scholarly journals Sperm-hybrid micromotors: on-board assistance for nature’s bustling swimmers

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. R83-R96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Schwarz ◽  
Mariana Medina-Sánchez ◽  
Oliver G Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Sperm Cell ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Assisted Fertilization

Sperm cells that cannot swim and orient properly compromise male fertility. Such defects are responsible for male infertility regardless of the actual quality of the most important content, the sperm’s DNA. Synthetic micromotors are engineered devices that are able to swim in (body) fluids and microscopic environments, similar to flagellated cells like sperm. Coupled together, a sperm-hybrid micromotor embodies the concept of bringing the sperm cell together with artificial components that assist or replace defective functions of the cell, helping it to pursue its goal without interfering with its health, enabling the process of assisted fertilization and further embryo development all inside the body. Non-invasive, remote-controlled in vivo applicability is the key quality of such hybrid microdevices. Assisted reproduction with the help of micromotors is in the focus of this review, although other biomedical applications that arise from the powerful combination of sperm cell and synthetic enhancement are also discussed and summarized. Details are provided about different fabrication processes and cell-material coupling strategies, and the way from proof-of-concept studies to in vivo experiments in animals is outlined.

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