scholarly journals Family Economic Burden of Elderly Chronic Diseases: Evidence from China

Healthcare ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu ◽  
Huang ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Chen
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Annual Expenditure ◽  
Peking University

Chronic diseases among the elderly and their huge economic burden on family have caught much attention from economists and sociologists over the past decade in China. This study measured the economic burden of elderly chronic disease (ECD) in families using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data set from Peking University (China). We studied some aspects of this burden, including health-service utilization, out-of-pocket expenditure on inpatient and outpatient, total family expenditures on items, and labor force participation rates of family members, etc. Some interesting things were found, for example, the additional annual expenditure on inpatient care (per member) in ECD-families was 37 to 45 percent of the annual expenditure in the control group; the labor-force participation rate in ECD-families was 2.4 to 3.3 percent of points lower than in the control group.

scholarly journals Chronic Diseases and Labor Force Participation Among Presenile and Senile Chinese

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotuo Qiao ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Haifeng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
The Impact

Background: The incidence of chronic diseases has increased dramatically due to rapid aging and lifestyle changes of China in recent decades. The population aged more than 45 years is an important participant in the labor force market, and the health status directly affects their labor force participation decision. This study aims to explore the relationship between chronic diseases and the labor force participation among the elderly Chinese population aged more than 45 years.Method: We employ a multivariate probit (MVP) model to construct five structural equations for an analysis. The advantage of this model is that it can deal with the endogeneity of chronic diseases.Results: Firstly, compared with the elderly, younger people are more likely to participate in the labor force market; the influence of chronic diseases is the largest for presenile women in the decision-making of labor force participation; the impact of psychological problems on labor force participation cannot be ignored, especially for men aged more than 45 years. In addition, sociodemographic factors such as geographical location and marital status also have direct effects on the probability of labor force participation while the impact of both family wealth and family number is much smaller. Finally, unhealthy lifestyles through chronic diseases have negative and indirect marginal effects on labor force participation.Conclusions: This article proves that chronic diseases have a negative impact on the labor force participation for Chinese aged more than 45 years. The public should give more tolerance and opportunities to these groups. The population aged more than 45 years are more vulnerable and face more psychological problems, which will lead to a decline in labor force participation. Psychological health counseling and services are urgently needed. As the urban areas enjoy more social welfare, Chinese welfare policy needs to be tilted toward the rural elderly. For individuals, maintaining healthy lifestyles can help you stay away from chronic diseases and stay in the labor force market.

scholarly journals Effects of Migration Flows on Local Labor Market: A Regional Implementation on Turkey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atakan Durmaz ◽  
Adem Kalça
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labor Force Participation Rate ◽  
Set Covering ◽  
Local Labor Market ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Work Permit ◽  
Migration Flows

Migration flows are an important research topic in the economic literature due to the economic effects they have on both the homeland and the countries receiving the immigration. Studies on homeland focus on issues such as remittances, foreign direct investment, Technology and knowledge transfers and trade links, while studies on immigrant countries focus on issues such as immigrants' impacts on the local labor market and commercial effects. The aim of this study starting from this point is the recent massive migration flows exposed to these migration flows in Turkey to determine their impact on the local labor market. In the study, the data set covering the period of 2011-2016 was used for 26 sub-regions of Turkey and this was tested using panel data analysis. According to the results, while immigrants with a work permit in Turkey have a statistically significant and positive impact on the women’s labor force participation rate and the total labor force participation rate, there is no statistically significant effect on male labor force participation rates. In other words, according to the results, immigrants with a work permit in Turkey are complementary in terms of local labor force.

Labor Force Trends and Immigration in Europe

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Feld
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
European Community ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labor Force Participation Rate ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Early Effect ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
National Characteristics

Labor force trends up to 2025 for the fifteen countries (before May 1, 2004) of the European Community are examined. Will demographic decline have an early effect on manpower volume? An estimation is made to determine whether present migratory flow levels in these countries will be sufficient to counter labor force stagnation. Manpower trend scenarios are proposed for each country. They show highly contrasting situations. These countries favor different policies for mobilizing and increasing their manpower volume. There is wide divergence between the various EU countries as concerns their demographic situation and labor force participation rate as well as their social security systems. Considering these highly diverse national characteristics, the difficulty in arriving at a consensus on EU migratory policy harmonization is stressed.

scholarly journals Female Labor Market Participation and Economic Growth: The Case of Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Khaliq ◽  
Dilawar Khan ◽  
Sultan Akbar ◽  
Muhammad Hamayun ◽  
Barkat Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Labor Force Participation Rate ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Adf Test

Female labor force plays a significant role in the economic development of a country. The core objective of this paper is to examine the nexus between female labor force participation rate and Pakistan’s economic growth using time series data for the period 1990-2014. The data was extracted from World Development Indicators database. Augmented-Dickey Fuller (ADF) test was applied to examine the data for unit root. The results show that both the variables--- female labor force participation rate and economic growth---are stationary at first difference i.e. I(1). The error correction model (ECM) and Johansen co-integration tests were used to examine the co-integration relation between the variables. The econometric results conclude that there is long-run and a U-shaped link between economic growth and women labor force participation rate of Pakistan. The results conclude that lower female labor force participation rate leads to lower economic growth in Pakistan. This paper has important policy implications, suggests that policies intend to remove such barriers could help to enhance the Pakistan’s economic growth.

scholarly journals Determinants of Female Labor Force Participation in Pakistan An Empirical Analysis of PSLM (2004-05) Micro Data

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (Special Edition) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehak Ejaz
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Positive Effects

This paper seeks to identify the major determinants of female labor force participation in Pakistan, specifically with reference to rural and urban areas. Limited dependent variable techniques (Logit and Probit) are utilized to determine the factors affecting female labor force participation. This analysis uses data taken from the PSLM (Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey, 2004-05) which measure individual and household characteristics of females between the ages of 15-49. Empirical results suggest that age, educational attainment and marital status have significant and positive effects on female labor force participation (FLFP). When women belong to the nuclear family and have access to vehicles, they are more likely are they to participate in economic activities, whereas a large number of children and the availability of home appliances reduces the probability of FLFP. The results imply that reducing the child care burden on females and facilitating educational attainment would lead to a higher labor force participation rate for females in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Impact of Health Expenditures on Labor Force Participation: Evidence from Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-427
Author(s):  
Abdur Rauf ◽  
Maryyum Bashir ◽  
Kiran Asif ◽  
Sardar Fawad Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Secondary School Enrolment ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
Case Data

The current study focused on health expenditures and labor force participation linkages taking Pakistan as a sample case. Data sample cover the period from 1972 to 2013. Economic survey of Pakistan and WDI were consulted for data collection and the estimated results were extracted by using Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model which revealed that there is positive association between health and labor force participation rate in Pakistan. Amongst the other variables, secondary school enrolment and Investment also has positive impacts on labor force participation in both long and short span of time. Life expectancy has adverse effects and trade openness is insignificant in a model. It is suggested that to encourage higher labor force participation government may increase its expenditures on basic health issues along with investment friendly policies. Furthermore it is also suggested that education may also be encouraged for productive labor in a country.

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