scholarly journals Correlation between Psoas Muscle Index and Degeneration of Spinal Back Muscle in Patients with Back Pain

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1189
Author(s):  
Donggyu Lee ◽  
Minsoo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Psoas Muscle ◽  
Back Muscle ◽  
Back Muscles ◽  
Cross Sectional

Sarcopenia is characterized by a decline in systemic muscle mass and physical performance. Disc degeneration also causes back muscle atrophy. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the influence of systemic muscle mass decline on back muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration compared to disc degeneration. We included 127 patients (65.54 ± 14.93 years) with back pain who underwent lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Axial T2-weighted MRI data of the L4–5 and L5-S1 levels were used to measure the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the psoas and spinal muscles. The psoas index (cm2/m2) was used as a surrogate for systemic muscle mass. The Pfirrmann grading system was used to evaluate intervertebral disc degeneration. The functional area of the back muscles was calculated by subtracting the fat infiltration area from the CSA; the functional CSA ratio was calculated by dividing the functional CSA by the CSA. Image-processing software (ImageJ; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) was used for analysis. Psoas index and aging significantly affected CSA and the ratio of functional CSA of the back muscles and multifidi. Disc degeneration did not significantly affect the back muscles beyond aging in patients with back pain. Males showed substantially higher CSA of the back muscles and multifidi than females; however, sex did not affect the functional CSA ratio of these muscles. Systemic muscle mass decline showed a more powerful influence on back muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration than disc degeneration. Therefore, proper evaluation of sarcopenia is needed for patients with chronic back pain and back muscle degeneration.

scholarly journals Correlation of Paraspinal Muscle Mass With Decompensation of Sagittal Adult Spinal Deformity After Setting of Fatigue Post 10-Minute Walk

Neurospine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-503
Author(s):  
Junseok Bae ◽  
Ashwin Sathe ◽  
Shih-Min Lee ◽  
Alexander A. Theologis ◽  
Vedat Deviren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Spinal Deformity ◽  
Adult Spinal Deformity ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Psoas Muscle ◽  
Paraspinal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sagittal Deformity

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in spinopelvic parameters before and after the setting of muscle fatigue along with its correlation with pre-existing paraspinal and psoas muscle mass.Methods: Single-center retrospective review of prospectively collected data was conducted on 145-adults with symptomatic loss of lumbar lordosis (LL). Radiographs were taken before and after walking for 10 minutes. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to calculate paraspinal muscle (PSM) cross-sectional area (CSA), mean signal intensity, fatty infiltration (FI), and lean muscle mass at thoracolumbar junction (T12) and lower lumbar level (L4). Psoas CSA was calculated at L3. Patients were divided into 2 groups namely compensated sagittal deformity (CSD) (SVA ≤ 4 cm, PT > 20°) and decompensated sagittal deformity (DSD) (SVA > 4 cm, PT > 20°) based on prewalk measurements.Results: Initial mean SVA was 1.8 cm and 11 cm for CSD and DSD respectively (p < 0.01). After walking, significant deteriorations in SVA, PT–LL (p < 0.01) were observed in CSD without significant change in thoracic kyphosis (TK). All sagittal parameters in DSD deteriorated significantly. DSD group had significantly poorer PSM quality at T12 and L4 compared to CSD group. In CSD group, sagittal decompensation correlated with muscle quality, i.e. , decreases in LL (ΔLL) correlated with CSA of PSM/vertebral body (VB) at L4 (r = -0.412, p = 0.046) while increases in TK (ΔTK) correlated with CSA of PSM/VB at T12 (r = 0.477, p = 0.018). ΔSVA and ΔPT correlated with FI at L4 (r = 0.577, p = 0.003 and r = -0.407, p = 0.048, respectively). DSD group, had weak correlations (-0.3 < r < -0.1) between changes in sagittal and PSM parameters.Conclusion: PSM quality in adults with spinal deformity correlates with patients’ ability to maintain an upright posture and sagittal decompensation after walking for 10 minutes.

scholarly journals Age and disc degeneration in low back pain: automated analysis enables a magnetic resonance imaging comparison of large cross-sectional cohorts of symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamaludin Amir ◽  
Timor Kadir ◽  
Andrew Zisserman ◽  
Iain McCall ◽  
Frances MK Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects

Objectives We aimed to improve understanding of the role of imaging in diagnosis of low back pain by determining the prevalence of age-related disc degeneration in asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects. Spinal MRIs of symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects were re-annotated onto the same objective grading system and prevalence of degenerative changes compared. Methods In an exploratory cross-sectional study, we compared the prevalence of disc degeneration between two large groups of anonymised females, 30-80yrs, viz a symptomatic group with chronic back pain (724) and an asymptomatic (701) group. We used a verified automated MRI annotation system to re-annotate their spinal MRIs and report degeneration on the Pfirrmann (1-5) scale, and other degenerative changes (herniation, endplate defects, marrow signs, spinal stenosis) as binary present/absent. Results Severe degenerative changes were significantly more prevalent in discs of symptomatics than asymptomatics in the lower (L4-S1) but not the upper (L1-L3) lumbar discs in subjects <60years. We found high co-existence of several degenerative features in both populations. Degeneration was minimal in around 30% of symptomatics < 50years. Conclusions. Automated MRI provides a valuable means of rapidly comparing large MRI datasets. Here, through directly comparing MRI annotations on the same objective scales it enabled us to detect significant age and spinal-level related differences in the prevalence of degenerative features between asymptomatic and symptomatic populations. By distinguishing between symptomatics whose discs have structural defects, and symptomatics with minimal degenerative changes, MRI could provide a means of clinical stratification, and provide a useful pathway to investigate possible pain sources.

scholarly journals Inorganic Arsenic Exposure Decreases Muscle Mass and Enhances Denervation-Induced Muscle Atrophy in Mice

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 3057
Author(s):  
Chang-Mu Chen ◽  
Min-Ni Chung ◽  
Chen-Yuan Chiu ◽  
Shing-Hwa Liu ◽  
Kuo-Cheng Lan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional

Arsenic is a toxic metalloid. Infants with a low birth-weight have been observed in areas with high-level arsenic in drinking water ranging from 463 to 1025 μg/L. A distal muscular atrophy side effect has been observed in acute promyelocytic leukemia patients treated with arsenic trioxide (As2O3) for therapy. The potential of As2O3 on muscle atrophy remains to be clarified. In this study, the myoatrophic effect of arsenic was evaluated in normal mice and sciatic nerve denervated mice exposed with or without As2O3 (0.05 and 0.5 ppm) in drinking water for 4 weeks. We found that both 0.05 and 0.5 ppm As2O3 increased the fasting plasma glucose level; but only 0.5 ppm arsenic exposure significantly decreased muscle mass, muscle endurance, and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers, and increased muscle Atrogin-1 protein expression in the normal mice. Both 0.05 and 0.5 ppm As2O3 also significantly enhanced the inhibitory effects on muscle endurance, muscle mass, and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers, and increased the effect on muscle Atrogin-1 protein expression in the denervated mice. These in vivo results suggest that inorganic arsenic at doses relevant to humans may possess myoatrophic potential.

scholarly journals β-Cryptoxanthin Improves p62 Accumulation and Muscle Atrophy in the Soleus Muscle of Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-Prone 1 Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2180
Author(s):  
Mari Noguchi ◽  
Tomoya Kitakaze ◽  
Yasuyuki Kobayashi ◽  
Katsuyuki Mukai ◽  
Naoki Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Senescence Accelerated Mouse

We investigated the effects of β-cryptoxanthin on skeletal muscle atrophy in senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 1 (SAMP1) mice. For 15 weeks, SAMP1 mice were intragastrically administered vehicle or β-cryptoxanthin. At 35 weeks of age, the skeletal muscle mass in SAMP1 mice was reduced compared with that in control senescence-accelerated mouse-resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice. β-cryptoxanthin increased muscle mass with an increase in the size of muscle fibers in the soleus muscle of SAMP1 mice. The expressions of autophagy-related factors such as beclin-1, p62, LC3-I, and LC3-II were increased in the soleus muscle of SAMP1 mice; however, β-cryptoxanthin administration inhibited this increase. Unlike in SAMR1 mice, p62 was punctately distributed throughout the cytosol in the soleus muscle fibers of SAMP1 mice; however, β-cryptoxanthin inhibited this punctate distribution. The cross-sectional area of p62-positive fiber was smaller than that of p62-negative fiber, and the ratio of p62-positive fibers to p62-negative fibers was increased in SAMP1 mice. β-cryptoxanthin decreased this ratio in SAMP1 mice. Furthermore, β-cryptoxanthin decreased the autophagy-related factor expression in murine C2C12 myotube. The autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1, but not the proteasome inhibitor MG132, inhibited the β-cryptoxanthin-induced decrease in p62 and LC3-II expressions. These results indicate that β-cryptoxanthin inhibits the p62 accumulation in fibers and improves muscle atrophy in the soleus muscle of SAMP1 mice.

Does elite swimming accelerate lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration and increase low back pain? A cross-sectional comparison

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2849-2855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Folkvardsen ◽  
Erland Magnussen ◽  
Jaro Karppinen ◽  
Juha Auvinen ◽  
Rasmus Hertzum Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Lumbar Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Schoolbags and back pain in children between 8 and 13 years: a national study

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Spiteri ◽  
Maria-Louisa Busuttil ◽  
Samuel Aquilina ◽  
Dorothy Gauci ◽  
Erin Camilleri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
National Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender

Schoolbag weight in schoolchildren is a recurrent and contentious issue within the educational and health sphere. Excessive schoolbag weight can lead to back pain in children, which increases the risk of chronic back pain in adulthood. There is limited research regarding this among the Maltese paediatric population. A cross-sectional study was undertaken across all schools in Malta among students aged 8–13 years (inclusive). Data were collected using a questionnaire detailing schoolbag characteristics, self-reported pain and demographic variables, such as age and gender. Structured interviews with participants were also carried out by physiotherapists. A total of 4005 participants were included in the study, with 20% of the total Malta schoolchildren population. Over 70% of the subjects had a schoolbag that exceeded the recommended 10% bag weight to body ratio. A total of 32% of the sample complained of back pain, with 74% of these defining it as low in intensity on the face pain scale–revised. The presence of back pain was statistically related to gender, body mass index (BMI), school and bag weight to body weight ratio. After adjusting for other factors, self-reported back pain in schoolchildren is independently linked to carrying heavy schoolbags. This link should be addressed to decrease the occurrence of back pain in this age group.

scholarly journals Evidence of Specific Cognitive Deficits in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain under Long-Term Substitution Treatment of Opioids

2014 ◽  
Vol 17;1 (1;17) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Haili Wang
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Opioid Therapy ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Pattern ◽  
Number Of Patients

Background: There is a growing number of patients worldwide being treated with longterm opioids for chronic non-cancer pain, although there is limited evidence for their effectiveness in improving pain and function. Opioid-use related adverse effects, especially in cognitive functioning in these patients, are rarely evaluated. Objectives: The present study investigated the cognitive functions of patients with chronic back pain who underwent long-term opioid treatment in comparison with those patients without opioid usage and healthy controls. Study Design: A prospective, nonrandomized, cross-sectional study. Setting: Multidisciplinary pain management clinic, specialty referral center, University Hospital in Germany. Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional design, 37 patients with chronic back pain who underwent long-term opioid therapy (OP) were compared with 33 patients with chronic back pain without opioid therapy (NO) and 25 healthy controls (HC). Assessment of primary outcome included cognitive function such as information processing speed, choice reaction time, pattern recognition memory, and executive function. Other data included pain, back function, depression and anxiety, use of medication, and education status. The relationship between cognitive functions and anxiety/depression was analysed. Results: Both patient groups needed significantly longer time in information processing when compared to HC (Group 1: 41.87 ± 20.47 Group 2: 38.29 ± 19.99 Group 3: 30.25 ± 14.19). Additionally, OP patients had significantly reduced spatial memory capacity, flexibility for concept change, and impaired performance in working memory assessment compared to NO patients and HC. The impaired cognitive outcomes were significantly associated with pain intensity, depression scores, and medication use. Limitations: Limitations include small number of patients with heterogeneous opioid therapy and the nonrandomized observational nature of the study. Conclusions: Our findings give a differential view into the cognitive changes from chronic back pain with and without long-term opioids treatment. Chronic back pain itself impairs some distinct cognitive functions. Long-term opioid therapy adds further cognitive impairment. Key words: Long-term opioid therapy, chronic back pain, cognitive dysfunction

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