scholarly journals Spatial Patterns and Multilevel Analysis of Factors Associated with Antenatal Care Visits in Nigeria: Insight from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1389
Author(s):  
Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa ◽  
Barbara Sakyi ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Kobi V. Ajayi ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Despite global progress towards antenatal care (ANC) uptake, ANC utilization in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa, such as Nigeria, is low. Although several studies have identified the determinants and factors associated with ANC services utilization in Nigeria, there is a gap in knowledge about the spatial patterns in ANC use. Therefore, this study aims to map the spatial distribution and factors associated with ANC visits in Nigeria. A cross-sectional dataset was obtained from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 20,003 women aged 15–49 were considered in this study. Both spatial and multilevel analyses were carried out. The results were presented in spatial maps and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Hot spot areas (high proportion of an incomplete ANC visit) were located in Sokoto, Kebbi, Zamfara, Katsina, Kano, Jigawa, Bauchi, Niger, Borno, Gombe, and Bayelsa. Regional disparities in incomplete ANC visits were found in this study. Maternal age, maternal education, partner’s level of education, working status, ethnicity, parity, religion, exposure to media, place of residence, wealth index, region, and community literacy level were factors associated with incomplete ANC. There is a need to consider these factors in the design and strengthening of existing interventions (e.g., mini-clinics) aimed at increasing ANC visits to help attain maternal health-related Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. The regional disparities in incomplete ANC visits also need to be considered by encouraging pregnant women in hotspot areas to attend ANC visits.

scholarly journals Factors associated with low birth weight in Afghanistan: a cross-sectional analysis of the demographic and health survey 2015

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e025715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajat Das Gupta ◽  
Krystal Swasey ◽  
Vanessa Burrowes ◽  
Mohammad Rashidul Hashan ◽  
Gulam Muhammed Al Kibria
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the factors associated with low birth weight (LBW) in Afghanistan.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThis study used data collected from the Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey 2015.ParticipantsFacility-based data from 2773 weighted live-born children enrolled by a two-stage sampling strategy were included in our analysis.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was LBW, defined as birth weight <2.5kg.ResultsOut of 2773 newborns, 15.5% (n=431) had LBW. Most of these newborns were females (58.3%, n=251), had a mother with no formal schooling (70.5%, n=304), lived in urban areas (63.4%, n=274) or lived in the Central region of Afghanistan (59.7%, n=257). In multivariable analysis, residence in Central (adjusted OR (AOR): 3.4; 95% CI 1.7 to 6.7), Central Western (AOR: 3.0; 95% CI 1.5 to 5.8) and Southern Western (AOR: 4.0; 95% CI 1.7 to 9.1) regions had positive association with LBW. On the other hand, male children (AOR: 0.5; 95% CI 0.4 to 0.8), newborns with primary maternal education (AOR: 0.5; 95% CI 0.3 to 0.8), birth interval ≥48 months (AOR: 0.4; 95% CI 0.1 to 0.8), belonging to the richest wealth quintile (AOR: 0.2; 95% CI 0.1 to 0.6) and rural residence (AOR: 0.3; 95% CI 0.2 to 0.6) had decreased odds of LBW.ConclusionsMultiple factors had association with LBW in Afghanistan. Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health programmes should focus on enhancing maternal education and promoting birth spacing to prevent LBW. To reduce the overall burden of LBW, women of the poorest wealth quintiles, and residents of Central, Central Western and South Western regions should also be prioritised. Further exploration is needed to understand why urban areas are associated with higher likelihood of LBW. In addition, research using nationally representative samples are required.

scholarly journals Utilization, Equity and Determinants of Full Antenatal Care in India: Analysis from the National Family Health Survey 4

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunjan Kumar ◽  
Tarun Shankar Choudhary ◽  
Akanksha Srivast ◽  
Ravi Praksah Updhyay ◽  
Sunita Taneja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Family Health ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
National Family ◽  
Antenatal Visits

Abstract Objectives: We examined the utilisation, equity and determinants of full antenatal care (ANC), defined as 4 or more antenatal visits, at least one tetanus toxoid (TT) injection and consumption of iron folic acid (IFA) for a minimum of 100 days, in India. Methods: We analysed a sample of 190,898 women from India's National Family Health Survey 4. Concentration curves and concentration index were used to assess equity in full ANC utilisation. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine the factors associated with full ANC utilization. Results: In India, 21% of pregnant women utilised full ANC, ranging from 2.3% - 65.9% across states. Overall, 51.6% had 4 or more ANC visits, 30.8% consumed IFA for atleast 100 days, and 91.1% had one or more doses of tetanus toxoid. Registration of pregnancy, utilisation of government’s Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and health insurance coverage were associated with higher odds of full ANC utilisation. Lower maternal education, lower wealth quintile(s), lack of father’s participation during antenatal visits, higher birth order, teenage and unintended pregnancy were associated with lower odds of full ANC utilisation. Full ANC utilisation was inequitable across area of residence, caste and maternal education. Conclusions: Full ANC utilization in India was inadequate and inequitable. Although half of the women did not receive the minimum recommended ANC visits, the utilisation of TT immunisation was almost universal. The positive association of full ANC with ICDS utilisation and child’s father involvement may be leveraged for increasing the uptake of full ANC. Strategies to address the socio-demographic factors associated with low and inequitable utilisation of full ANC are imperative for strengthening India’s maternal health program. Key words: Antenatal care, India, NFHS-4

scholarly journals Maternal factors associated with moderate and severe stunting in Ethiopian children: analysis of some environmental factors based on 2016 demographic health survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebyu Daniel Amaha ◽  
Berhanu Teshome Woldeamanuel
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Demographic Health Survey ◽  
Maternal Height ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background Stunting or chronic undernutrition is a significant public health problem in Ethiopia. In 2019, 37% of Ethiopian children under-5 were stunted. Stunting results from a complex interaction of individual, household and social (environmental) factors. Improving the mother’s overall care is the most important determinant in reducing the stunting levels in developing countries. We aimed to determine the most important maternal factors associated with stunting and quantify their effects. Methods This study used data from the nationally representative 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS). Common maternal factors were first selected and analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square of association followed by multiple logistic regression. To quantify the effect of a unit change of a predictor variable a model for the continuous maternal factors was developed. All analyses were carried out using IBM SPSS© Version 23. Results Higher maternal educational level, better maternal autonomy, average or above maternal height and weight, having at least 4 antenatal care (ANC) clinic visits, and delivering in a health facility were significantly associated with lower severe stunting levels. Unemployed mothers were 23% less likely (p = 0.003) to have a stunted child compared with employed mothers. Mothers delivering at home had 32% higher odds of stunting (p = 0.002). We found that short mothers (< 150 cm) were 2.5 more likely to have stunted children when compared with mothers above 160 cm. Every visit to the ANC clinic reduces stunting odds by 6.8% (p <  0.0001). The odds of stunting were reduced by 7% (p = 0.028) for every grade a girl spent in school. A unit increase in Body Mass Index (BMI) reduced the odds of stunting by 4% (p = 0.014) and every centimeter increase in maternal height reduced the odds of stunting by 0.5% (p = 0.01). Conclusion Maternal education, number of antenatal care visits, and place of delivery appear to be the most important predictors of child stunting in Ethiopia.. Therefore, educating and empowering women, improving access to family planning and ANC services, and addressing maternal malnutrition are important factors that should be included in policies aiming to reduce childhood stunting in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Faktor – faktor riwayat ibu yang menyebabkan terjadinya stunting pada balita usia 6-59 bulan di Lampung Tengah

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-305
Author(s):  
Yesi Nurmalasari ◽  
Festy Ladyani Mustofa ◽  
Wulandari Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Maternal Nutritional Status ◽  
Chronic Energy Deficiency ◽  
History Of

Factors associated with stunting among children of age 6 to 59 months in Central Lampung, IndonesiaBackground: Stunting is a chronic condition that describes the inhibition of growth for the long-term malnutrition, causing stunting is two directly and indirectly. Indirect causes are factors of education, history of the antenatal care (ANC), granting exclusive breastfeeding, maternal nutritional status, consumption of iron (Fe), occupational factors, and economic status.Purpose: To determine the Factors associated with stunting among children of age 6 to 59 months in Central Lampung, IndonesiaMethods: Its quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design with total sampling. The sample is toddlers aged 5-59 months of 106 toddlers. The location was conducted in the village of Mataram Ilir, Seputih District, Surabaya, Central Lampung in 2019. Research instruments in the form of questionnaires, scales, Microtois/Staturmeter and midline. This research has passed research ethics with ethics number no. 62 / EC / KEP-UNMAL / 2019.Results: There are of 54,2% of women not  breastfeeding, 74.0%  never pay attention for antenatal care during pregnancy, 71,9% of mothers suffer from chronic energy deficiency (CED), 52,1% of mothers never consume iron (Fe) during pregnant, and there were of 50.0% has a poor knowledge due to less education.Conclusion: Factors of maternal of an indirect cause stunting is exclusive breastfeeding, consumption of iron (Fe), maternal nutritional status, history of the antenatal care and maternal education level can cause stunting to the children of age 6 to 59 Months.Keywords: Socio-Economic; Maternal Nutritional Status; Stunting; Children of age 6 to 59 MonthsPendahuluan: Stunting merupakan kondisi kronis yang menggambarkan terhambatnya pertumbuhan karena malnutrisi jangka panjang, penyebab stunting terbagi dua yaitu secara langsung dan tidak langsung. penyebab tidak langsungnya adalah faktor pendidikan,riwayat ANC,Pemberian asi eksklusif , status gizi ibu,konsumsi zat besi (fe), faktor pekerjaan, dan status ekonomi keluargaTujuan: Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor riwayat ibu yang menyebabkan terjadinya stunting pada balita 6 – 59  bulan di desa  mataram  ilir kecamatan seputih surabaya  lampung tengah tahun 2019.Metode: Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional dengan menggunakan total sampling. Sampel penelitian adalah balita usia 5-59 bulan berjumlah 106 balita. Tempat penelitian dilakukan di desa Mataram Ilir , Kecamatan Seputih Surabaya, Lampung Tengah tahun 2019.  Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner, timbangan, mikrotois dan midline. Penelitian ini sudah lulus etik penelitian dengan nomor etik no.62/EC/KEP-UNMAL/2019.Hasil: Didapatkan 54,2% ibu yang tidak memberikan ASI Eksklusif,  74,0%  ibu tidak melakukan perawatan ANC Saat hamil, 71,9 % ibu menderita KEK,  52,1% ibu tidak mengkonsumsi zat besi (Fe)  saat hamil, dan terdapat 50,0 % ibu berpendidikan rendah.Simpulan: Faktor-faktor riwayat ibu secara tidak langsung yang menyebabkan stunting yaitu pemberian ASI Eksklusif , riwayat konsumsi zat besi (Fe), status gizi ibu ,riwayat ANC dan tingkat pendidikan ibu dapat menyebabkan terjadinya stunting pada balita usia 6-59.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Land Ownership by Women in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 256-264
Author(s):  
Douglas Andabati Candia
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Asset Ownership ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Aims: There is growing evidence concerning the significance of asset ownership by women. However, in Sub-Saharan Africa, asset ownership is lower for women compared to men. This study investigated factors associated with land ownership by women in Uganda. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The Uganda Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data was collected by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics from 20 June to 16 December 2016.  Methodology: The logistic regression model was fitted to determine factors significantly associated with land ownership. Results: The likelihood of a woman owning land increased with an increase in her age and reduced with improvement in her household's wealth index. Furthermore, the likelihood of owning land was lowest for women; aged 18-19 years, residing in the Central region, residing in urban areas, of single status, with no account in a bank or other financial institution, in the richest wealth index category, and those currently not working. Conclusion: There is a need to develop more effective strategies to empower women regarding land ownership and control. There is a need to sensitize women about their rights to land ownership, about saving with registered financial institutions which increases their likelihood of accessing alternative funding sources to support their purchase of land and other valuable assets.

scholarly journals Utilization, Equity and Determinants of Full Antenatal Care in India: Analysis from the National Family Health Survey 4

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunjan Kumar ◽  
Tarun Shankar Choudhary ◽  
Akanksha Srivast ◽  
Ravi Praksah Updhyay ◽  
Sunita Taneja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Family Health ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
National Family ◽  
Antenatal Visits

Abstract Objectives We estimated the utilisation, determinants and equity of full antenatal care (ANC), defined as 4 or more antenatal visits, at least one tetanus toxoid (TT) injection and consumption of iron folic acid (IFA) for a minimum of 100 days, in India. Methods We used data from India’s National Family Health Survey-4. Concentration curves and concentration index were used to assess equity in full ANC utilisation. Multivariable binary logistic regression model was used to examine the factors associated with full ANC utilization. Results In India, 21% of pregnant women utilised full ANC, ranging from 2.3% - 65.9% across states. Overall, 51.6% had 4 or more ANC visits, 30.8% consumed IFA for atleast 100 days, and 91.1% had one or more doses of tetanus toxoid. Registration of pregnancy, utilisation of government’s Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and health insurance coverage were associated with higher odds of full ANC utilisation. Lower maternal education, lower wealth quintile(s), lack of father’s participation during antenatal visits, higher birth order, teenage and unintended pregnancy were associated with lower odds of full ANC utilisation. Full ANC utilisation was inequitable across area of residence, caste and maternal education. Conclusions Full ANC utilization in India was inadequate and inequitable. Although half of the women did not receive the minimum recommended ANC visits, the utilisation of TT immunisation was almost universal. The positive association of full ANC with ICDS utilisation and child’s father involvement may be leveraged for increasing the uptake of full ANC. Strategies to address the socio-demographic factors associated with low and inequitable utilisation of full ANC are imperative for strengthening India’s maternal health program.

scholarly journals Count Models Analysis of Factors Associated with Under-Five Mortality in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2198953
Author(s):  
Berhanu Teshome Woldeamanuel ◽  
Merga Abdissa Aga
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Household Head

Background. Under-five mortality has continued a key challenge to public health in Ethiopia, and other sub-Saharan Africa countries. The threat of under-five mortality is incessant and more studies are needed to generate new scientific evidence. This study aimed to model the number of under-five deaths a mother has experienced in her lifetime and factors associated with it in Ethiopia. Method. A retrospective cross-sectional study based on data obtained from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), 2016 was used. The response variable was the total number of under-five children died per mother in her lifetime. Variables such as maternal socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, health, and environmental factors were considered as risk factors of under-five mortality. Hurdle negative binomial (HNB) regression analysis was employed to determine the factors associated with under-five mortality. Results. The data showed that 27.2% (95%CI: 0263, 0.282) of women experienced under-five deaths. The study revealed the age of mother at first birth, the age of mother at the time of under-five mortality occurred, number of household members, household access to electricity, region, educational level of the mother, sex of household head, wealth index, mother residing with husband/partner at the time of under-five mortality occurred as factors associated with under-five mortality. Age of mother at first birth 18 to 24 (IRR = .663; 95%CI: 0.587, 0.749), 25 or higher years old (IRR = 0.424; 95%CI: 0.306, 0.588), access to electricity (IRR = 0.758; 95%CI: 0.588, 0.976), primary education level of the mother (IRR = 0.715; 95%CI: 0.584, 0.875) and the richer wealth index (IRR = 0.785; 95%CI: 0.624, 0.988) were associated with reduced incidence of under-five mortality controlling for other variables in the model. Whereas older age of mother 35 to 39 (IRR = 5.252; 95%CI: 2.992, 9.218), 40 to 44 (IRR = 7.429; 95%CI: 4.188, 13.177), 45 to 49 (IRR = 8.697; 95%CI: 4.853, 15.585), being a resident of the Benishangul-gumuz region (IRR = 1.781; 95%CI: 1.303, 2.434), female household head (IRR = 1.256; 95%CI: 1.034, 1.525) were associated with an increased incidence of under-five mortality. Conclusion. The findings suggested that early age of mothers’ at first birth and old ages of mothers’, female household head and being uneducated were found to increase the incidence of the under-five mortality, whereas access to electricity and living with husband was statistically associated with reduced incidence of under-five mortality. The implication of this study is that policymakers and stakeholders should provide health education for mothers not to give birth at an earlier age and improve living standards to achieve sustainable development goals.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with the use of antibiotics in non-bloody diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 518-521
Author(s):  
Asa Auta ◽  
Brian O Ogbonna ◽  
Emmanuel O Adewuyi ◽  
Davies Adeloye ◽  
Barry Strickland-Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Bloody Diarrhoea ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Children Under 5

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence and determine the factors associated with the use of antibiotics in the management of non-bloody diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).MethodsWe conducted a meta-analysis of demographic and health survey data sets from 30 countries in SSA. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using random effects model. Χ2 tests were employed to determine the factors associated with the antibiotic use.ResultsThe pooled prevalence of antibiotic use among cases of non-bloody diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age was 23.1% (95% CI 19.5 to 26.7). The use of antibiotics in children with non-bloody diarrhoea in SSA was associated with (p<0.05) the source of care, place of residence, wealth index, maternal education and breastfeeding status.ConclusionWe found an unacceptably high use of antibiotics to treat episodes of non-bloody diarrhoea in children under the age of 5 in SSA.

scholarly journals Utilization, Equity and Determinants of Full Antenatal Care in India: Analysis from the National Family Health Survey 4

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunjan Kumar ◽  
Tarun Shankar Choudhary ◽  
Akanksha Srivast ◽  
Ravi Praksah Updhyay ◽  
Sunita Taneja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Family Health ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
National Family ◽  
Antenatal Visits

Abstract Objectives: We examined the utilisation, equity and determinants of full antenatal care (ANC), defined as 4 or more antenatal visits, at least one tetanus toxoid (TT) injection and consumption of iron folic acid (IFA) for a minimum of 100 days, in India. Methods: We analysed a sample of 190,898 women from India's National Family Health Survey 4. Concentration curves and concentration index were used to assess equity in full ANC utilisation. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine the factors associated with full ANC utilization. Results: In India, 21% of pregnant women utilised full ANC, ranging from 2.3% - 65.9% across states. Overall, 51.6% had 4 or more ANC visits, 30.8% consumed IFA for atleast 100 days, and 91.1% had one or more doses of tetanus toxoid. Registration of pregnancy, utilisation of government’s Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and health insurance coverage were associated with higher odds of full ANC utilisation. Lower maternal education, lower wealth quintile(s), lack of father’s participation during antenatal visits, higher birth order, teenage and unintended pregnancy were associated with lower odds of full ANC utilisation. Full ANC utilisation was inequitable across area of residence, caste and maternal education. Conclusions: Full ANC utilization in India was inadequate and inequitable. Although half of the women did not receive the minimum recommended ANC visits, the utilisation of TT immunisation was almost universal. The positive association of full ANC with ICDS utilisation and child’s father involvement may be leveraged for increasing the uptake of full ANC. Strategies to address the socio-demographic factors associated with low and inequitable utilisation of full ANC are imperative for strengthening India’s maternal health program. Key words: Antenatal care, India, NFHS-4

Quantifying Pregnant Women’s Knowledge of Educational Components of Antenatal Care in Lesotho

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabeta Seeiso ◽  
Mamutle M. Todd-Maja
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Danger Signs ◽  
In Pregnancy

Antenatal care (ANC) literacy is particularly important for pregnant women who need to make appropriate decisions for care during their pregnancy and childbirth. The link between inadequate health literacy on the educational components of ANC and maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is undisputable. Yet, little is known about the ANC literacy of pregnant women in SSA, with most studies inadequately assessing the four critical components of ANC literacy recommended by the World Health Organization, namely danger signs in pregnancy; true signs of labour; nutrition; and preparedness for childbirth. Lesotho, a country with one of the highest maternal mortality rates in SSA, is also underexplored in this research area. This cross-sectional study explored the levels of ANC literacy and the associated factors in 451 purposively sampled women in two districts in Lesotho using a structured questionnaire, making recourse to statistical principles. Overall, 16.4 per cent of the participants had grossly inadequate ANC literacy, while 79.8 per cent had marginal levels of such knowledge. The geographic location and level of education were the most significant predictors of ANC literacy, with the latter variable further subjected to post hoc margins test with the Bonferroni correction. The participants had the lowest scores on knowledge of danger signs in pregnancy and true signs of labour. Adequate ANC literacy is critical to reducing maternal mortality in Lesotho. Improving access to ANC education, particularly in rural areas, is recommended. This study also provides important recommendations critical to informing the national midwifery curriculum.

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