scholarly journals Maternal factors associated with moderate and severe stunting in Ethiopian children: analysis of some environmental factors based on 2016 demographic health survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebyu Daniel Amaha ◽  
Berhanu Teshome Woldeamanuel
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Demographic Health Survey ◽  
Maternal Height ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background Stunting or chronic undernutrition is a significant public health problem in Ethiopia. In 2019, 37% of Ethiopian children under-5 were stunted. Stunting results from a complex interaction of individual, household and social (environmental) factors. Improving the mother’s overall care is the most important determinant in reducing the stunting levels in developing countries. We aimed to determine the most important maternal factors associated with stunting and quantify their effects. Methods This study used data from the nationally representative 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS). Common maternal factors were first selected and analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square of association followed by multiple logistic regression. To quantify the effect of a unit change of a predictor variable a model for the continuous maternal factors was developed. All analyses were carried out using IBM SPSS© Version 23. Results Higher maternal educational level, better maternal autonomy, average or above maternal height and weight, having at least 4 antenatal care (ANC) clinic visits, and delivering in a health facility were significantly associated with lower severe stunting levels. Unemployed mothers were 23% less likely (p = 0.003) to have a stunted child compared with employed mothers. Mothers delivering at home had 32% higher odds of stunting (p = 0.002). We found that short mothers (< 150 cm) were 2.5 more likely to have stunted children when compared with mothers above 160 cm. Every visit to the ANC clinic reduces stunting odds by 6.8% (p <  0.0001). The odds of stunting were reduced by 7% (p = 0.028) for every grade a girl spent in school. A unit increase in Body Mass Index (BMI) reduced the odds of stunting by 4% (p = 0.014) and every centimeter increase in maternal height reduced the odds of stunting by 0.5% (p = 0.01). Conclusion Maternal education, number of antenatal care visits, and place of delivery appear to be the most important predictors of child stunting in Ethiopia.. Therefore, educating and empowering women, improving access to family planning and ANC services, and addressing maternal malnutrition are important factors that should be included in policies aiming to reduce childhood stunting in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with antenatal care utilization in Ethiopia: an evidence from demographic health survey 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Berhan Tsegaye ◽  
Mohammed Ayalew
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Demographic Health Survey ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Antenatal Care Utilization ◽  
Maternal Educational Status

Abstract Background Ethiopia is one of the sub-Saharan African country with high maternal mortality ratio (MMR). According to Ethiopian demographic health survey (EDHS) 2016 report, MMR is 420 among 100,000 live births. Antenatal care utilization is a key intervention to reduce these deaths through problem detection and treatment, promotion of health seeking behavior, and preparing pregnant women for birth. Therefore, this study aimed to assess prevalence and factors associated with antenatal care service utilization in Ethiopia in 2016. Methods Secondary data analysis was done on EDHS 2016. It was a stratified, two-stage, and cluster sampling design. Analysis has been restricted to antenatal care utilization among women who delivered at least one time in the past five years. Data were weighted to correct sampling bias. Moreover, complex data analysis was done. Bi-variate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was computed and P-value less than 0.05 considered as a statistically significance level for identification of association. Results Prevalence of antenatal care utilization was 62.8% [95%CI: 60.9, 64.6] in this study. Maternal educational status of primary school (AOR = 1.8,95%CI:1.2, 2.6), maternal educational status of secondary school (AOR = 4.4,95%CI: 1.1, 17.3), women who listen radio less than 1 per week (AOR = 1.9,95%CI:1.12,3.34), women who listen radio at least 1 per week (AOR = 2.6,95%CI:1.4,4.8), women in rich wealth quintile (AOR = 1.9,95%CI: 1.1, 3.2) were factors positively associated with antenatal care utilization. However, women who had traditional belief (AOR = 0.1,95%CI:0.02,0.49), and women who had five children and above (AOR = 0.6,95%CI: 0.3, 0.9) were factors associated negatively with antenatal care utilization. Conclusions Prevalence of antenatal care utilization is still low in Ethiopia in 2016. Maternal higher maternal educational status, frequent radio listening, higher wealth quintile, traditional belief, and greater number of children were found to be associated significantly with antenatal care utilization. Consequently, socio-economic status should be enhanced, information should be accessed by women about antenatal care utilization and family planning service through mass media. Furthermore, intensive community education program should be designed for traditional believers to increase uptake of antenatal care by stakeholders.

scholarly journals Utilization, Equity and Determinants of Full Antenatal Care in India: Analysis from the National Family Health Survey 4

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunjan Kumar ◽  
Tarun Shankar Choudhary ◽  
Akanksha Srivast ◽  
Ravi Praksah Updhyay ◽  
Sunita Taneja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Family Health ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
National Family ◽  
Antenatal Visits

Abstract Objectives: We examined the utilisation, equity and determinants of full antenatal care (ANC), defined as 4 or more antenatal visits, at least one tetanus toxoid (TT) injection and consumption of iron folic acid (IFA) for a minimum of 100 days, in India. Methods: We analysed a sample of 190,898 women from India's National Family Health Survey 4. Concentration curves and concentration index were used to assess equity in full ANC utilisation. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine the factors associated with full ANC utilization. Results: In India, 21% of pregnant women utilised full ANC, ranging from 2.3% - 65.9% across states. Overall, 51.6% had 4 or more ANC visits, 30.8% consumed IFA for atleast 100 days, and 91.1% had one or more doses of tetanus toxoid. Registration of pregnancy, utilisation of government’s Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and health insurance coverage were associated with higher odds of full ANC utilisation. Lower maternal education, lower wealth quintile(s), lack of father’s participation during antenatal visits, higher birth order, teenage and unintended pregnancy were associated with lower odds of full ANC utilisation. Full ANC utilisation was inequitable across area of residence, caste and maternal education. Conclusions: Full ANC utilization in India was inadequate and inequitable. Although half of the women did not receive the minimum recommended ANC visits, the utilisation of TT immunisation was almost universal. The positive association of full ANC with ICDS utilisation and child’s father involvement may be leveraged for increasing the uptake of full ANC. Strategies to address the socio-demographic factors associated with low and inequitable utilisation of full ANC are imperative for strengthening India’s maternal health program. Key words: Antenatal care, India, NFHS-4

scholarly journals Spatial Patterns and Multilevel Analysis of Factors Associated with Antenatal Care Visits in Nigeria: Insight from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1389
Author(s):  
Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa ◽  
Barbara Sakyi ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Kobi V. Ajayi ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Despite global progress towards antenatal care (ANC) uptake, ANC utilization in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa, such as Nigeria, is low. Although several studies have identified the determinants and factors associated with ANC services utilization in Nigeria, there is a gap in knowledge about the spatial patterns in ANC use. Therefore, this study aims to map the spatial distribution and factors associated with ANC visits in Nigeria. A cross-sectional dataset was obtained from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 20,003 women aged 15–49 were considered in this study. Both spatial and multilevel analyses were carried out. The results were presented in spatial maps and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Hot spot areas (high proportion of an incomplete ANC visit) were located in Sokoto, Kebbi, Zamfara, Katsina, Kano, Jigawa, Bauchi, Niger, Borno, Gombe, and Bayelsa. Regional disparities in incomplete ANC visits were found in this study. Maternal age, maternal education, partner’s level of education, working status, ethnicity, parity, religion, exposure to media, place of residence, wealth index, region, and community literacy level were factors associated with incomplete ANC. There is a need to consider these factors in the design and strengthening of existing interventions (e.g., mini-clinics) aimed at increasing ANC visits to help attain maternal health-related Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. The regional disparities in incomplete ANC visits also need to be considered by encouraging pregnant women in hotspot areas to attend ANC visits.

scholarly journals Utilization, Equity and Determinants of Full Antenatal Care in India: Analysis from the National Family Health Survey 4

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunjan Kumar ◽  
Tarun Shankar Choudhary ◽  
Akanksha Srivast ◽  
Ravi Praksah Updhyay ◽  
Sunita Taneja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Family Health ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
National Family ◽  
Antenatal Visits

Abstract Objectives We estimated the utilisation, determinants and equity of full antenatal care (ANC), defined as 4 or more antenatal visits, at least one tetanus toxoid (TT) injection and consumption of iron folic acid (IFA) for a minimum of 100 days, in India. Methods We used data from India’s National Family Health Survey-4. Concentration curves and concentration index were used to assess equity in full ANC utilisation. Multivariable binary logistic regression model was used to examine the factors associated with full ANC utilization. Results In India, 21% of pregnant women utilised full ANC, ranging from 2.3% - 65.9% across states. Overall, 51.6% had 4 or more ANC visits, 30.8% consumed IFA for atleast 100 days, and 91.1% had one or more doses of tetanus toxoid. Registration of pregnancy, utilisation of government’s Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and health insurance coverage were associated with higher odds of full ANC utilisation. Lower maternal education, lower wealth quintile(s), lack of father’s participation during antenatal visits, higher birth order, teenage and unintended pregnancy were associated with lower odds of full ANC utilisation. Full ANC utilisation was inequitable across area of residence, caste and maternal education. Conclusions Full ANC utilization in India was inadequate and inequitable. Although half of the women did not receive the minimum recommended ANC visits, the utilisation of TT immunisation was almost universal. The positive association of full ANC with ICDS utilisation and child’s father involvement may be leveraged for increasing the uptake of full ANC. Strategies to address the socio-demographic factors associated with low and inequitable utilisation of full ANC are imperative for strengthening India’s maternal health program.

scholarly journals Utilization, Equity and Determinants of Full Antenatal Care in India: Analysis from the National Family Health Survey 4

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunjan Kumar ◽  
Tarun Shankar Choudhary ◽  
Akanksha Srivast ◽  
Ravi Praksah Updhyay ◽  
Sunita Taneja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Family Health ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
National Family ◽  
Antenatal Visits

Abstract Objectives: We examined the utilisation, equity and determinants of full antenatal care (ANC), defined as 4 or more antenatal visits, at least one tetanus toxoid (TT) injection and consumption of iron folic acid (IFA) for a minimum of 100 days, in India. Methods: We analysed a sample of 190,898 women from India's National Family Health Survey 4. Concentration curves and concentration index were used to assess equity in full ANC utilisation. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine the factors associated with full ANC utilization. Results: In India, 21% of pregnant women utilised full ANC, ranging from 2.3% - 65.9% across states. Overall, 51.6% had 4 or more ANC visits, 30.8% consumed IFA for atleast 100 days, and 91.1% had one or more doses of tetanus toxoid. Registration of pregnancy, utilisation of government’s Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and health insurance coverage were associated with higher odds of full ANC utilisation. Lower maternal education, lower wealth quintile(s), lack of father’s participation during antenatal visits, higher birth order, teenage and unintended pregnancy were associated with lower odds of full ANC utilisation. Full ANC utilisation was inequitable across area of residence, caste and maternal education. Conclusions: Full ANC utilization in India was inadequate and inequitable. Although half of the women did not receive the minimum recommended ANC visits, the utilisation of TT immunisation was almost universal. The positive association of full ANC with ICDS utilisation and child’s father involvement may be leveraged for increasing the uptake of full ANC. Strategies to address the socio-demographic factors associated with low and inequitable utilisation of full ANC are imperative for strengthening India’s maternal health program. Key words: Antenatal care, India, NFHS-4

scholarly journals Country compliance with WHO-recommended antenatal care guidelines: equity analysis of the 2015–2016 Demography and Health Survey in Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. e002169
Author(s):  
Ngatho Samuel Mugo ◽  
Kyaw Swa Mya ◽  
Camille Raynes-Greenow
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Factors Associated

IntroductionEarly access to adequate antenatal care (ANC) from skilled providers is crucial for detecting and preventing obstetric complications of pregnancy. We aimed to assess factors associated with the utilisation of the new WHO ANC guidelines including the recommended number, on time initiation and adequate components of ANC contacts in Myanmar.MethodsWe examined data from 2943 mothers aged 15–49 years whose most recent birth occurred in the last 5 years prior to the 2015–2016 Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey. Factors associated with utilisation of the new WHO recommended ANC were explored using multinomial logistic regression and multivariate models. We used marginal standardisation methods to estimate the predicted probabilities of the factors significantly associated with the three measures of ANC.ResultsApproximately 18% of mothers met the new WHO recommended number of eight ANC contacts. About 58% of the mothers received adequate ANC components, and 47% initiated ANC within the first trimester of pregnancy. The predicted model shows that Myanmar could achieve 70% coverage of adequate components of ANC if all women were living in urban areas. Similarly, if ANC was through private health facilities, 63% would achieve adequate components of ANC. Pregnant women from urban areas (adjusted risk ratio (aRR): 4.86, 95% CI 2.44 to 9.68) were more than four times more likely to have adequate ANC components compared with women from rural areas. Pregnant women in the highest wealth quintile were three times more likely to receive eight or more ANC contacts (aRR: 3.20, 95% CI 1.61 to 6.36) relative to mothers from the lowest wealth quintile. On time initiation of the first ANC contact was fourfold for mothers aged 30–39 years relative to adolescent mothers (aRR: 4.07, 95% CI 1.53 to 10.84).ConclusionThe 2016 WHO ANC target is not yet being met by the majority of women in Myanmar. Our results highlight the need to address health access inequity for women who are from lower socioeconomic groups, or are younger, and those living in rural areas.

scholarly journals Factors associated with low birth weight in Afghanistan: a cross-sectional analysis of the demographic and health survey 2015

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e025715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajat Das Gupta ◽  
Krystal Swasey ◽  
Vanessa Burrowes ◽  
Mohammad Rashidul Hashan ◽  
Gulam Muhammed Al Kibria
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the factors associated with low birth weight (LBW) in Afghanistan.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThis study used data collected from the Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey 2015.ParticipantsFacility-based data from 2773 weighted live-born children enrolled by a two-stage sampling strategy were included in our analysis.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was LBW, defined as birth weight <2.5kg.ResultsOut of 2773 newborns, 15.5% (n=431) had LBW. Most of these newborns were females (58.3%, n=251), had a mother with no formal schooling (70.5%, n=304), lived in urban areas (63.4%, n=274) or lived in the Central region of Afghanistan (59.7%, n=257). In multivariable analysis, residence in Central (adjusted OR (AOR): 3.4; 95% CI 1.7 to 6.7), Central Western (AOR: 3.0; 95% CI 1.5 to 5.8) and Southern Western (AOR: 4.0; 95% CI 1.7 to 9.1) regions had positive association with LBW. On the other hand, male children (AOR: 0.5; 95% CI 0.4 to 0.8), newborns with primary maternal education (AOR: 0.5; 95% CI 0.3 to 0.8), birth interval ≥48 months (AOR: 0.4; 95% CI 0.1 to 0.8), belonging to the richest wealth quintile (AOR: 0.2; 95% CI 0.1 to 0.6) and rural residence (AOR: 0.3; 95% CI 0.2 to 0.6) had decreased odds of LBW.ConclusionsMultiple factors had association with LBW in Afghanistan. Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health programmes should focus on enhancing maternal education and promoting birth spacing to prevent LBW. To reduce the overall burden of LBW, women of the poorest wealth quintiles, and residents of Central, Central Western and South Western regions should also be prioritised. Further exploration is needed to understand why urban areas are associated with higher likelihood of LBW. In addition, research using nationally representative samples are required.

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