Efavirenz Is Not Associated with an Increased Risk of Depressive Disorders in Patients Living with HIV: An 11-Year Population-Based Study in Taiwan

(1) Background: This study aimed to determine the association between the use of efavirenz and depressive disorders among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. (2) Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Database. We identified patients receiving anti-retroviral therapy (ART) between 2000 and 2009; these patients were followed until 2010 for diagnoses of depressive disorders using the Cox proportional hazard model to estimate hazard ratios. (3) Results: After up to 11 years of follow-up, the incidence of depressive disorders for the efavirenz-treated group was estimated at 12.2/1000 person-years (PYs), and the control group was at 12.5/1000 PY (p = 0.822). The independent risk factors for depressive disorders included an insurance premium of less than NTD 17,820 (New Taiwan Dollars—NTD) (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.59, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.79–3.76, p < 0.001), and between NTD 17,821 and NTD 26,400 (aHR 1.55, 95% CI, 1.04–2.31, p = 0.030), living in Southern Taiwan (aHR 1.49, 95% CI, 1.21–1.84, p = 0.002), and with a psychiatric history (excluding depressive disorders) (aHR 4.59, 95% CI, 3.51–6.01, p = 0.030). (4) Conclusions: This study concluded that ART-treated patients with a past history of psychiatric disorders, lower insurance premium, and living in Southern Taiwan have an increased risk of depressive disorders, which are not associated with the use of efavirenz.

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Abstract TP493: Herpes Zoster Vaccine Live And Risk For Stroke Among Medicare Beneficiaries: Population Based Matched Cohort Study

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.51.suppl_1.tp493 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Quanhe YANG ◽

Anping Chang ◽

Xin Tong ◽

Robert Merritt

Keyword(s):

Herpes Zoster ◽

Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽

Population Based ◽

Racial Groups ◽

Fee For Service ◽

Medicare Beneficiaries ◽

Zoster Vaccine ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of

Introduction: Herpes zoster (HZ) is associated with increased risk of stroke, and Zoster Vaccine Live (ZVL) reduces risk of HZ. No study examined the association between ZVL and risk for stroke. The present study examined this association among US older population. Methods: We included 1,382,051 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries age ≥66 years without a history of stroke and who received ZVL during 2008-2014, and 1,382,051 matched controls (using a comprehensive list of matching variables) without ZVL followed from ZVL receipt to December 31 2016. We used Cox proportional hazard models to examine the association between ZVL and composite fatal/non-fatal incident stroke outcomes. Results: During a median of 3.9 years follow-up (interquartile range 2.7-5.4), we documented 42,267 stroke events including 33,510 acute ischemic strokes (AIS) and 4,318 hemorrhagic strokes among beneficiaries who received ZVL over 5,890,113 person years. The corresponding numbers for controls were 48,139, 39,334, and 4,713 during 5,693,943 person years. Crude incidence comparing beneficiaries with and without ZVL were 7.18 vs. 8.45 per 1000 person years for all stroke, 5.40 vs. 6.53 for AIS, and 0.73 vs. 0.82 for hemorrhagic stroke (p<0.001 for difference). Adjusted hazard ratios comparing beneficiaries with ZVL to controls were 0.84 (95% CI 0.83-0.85), 0.82 (0.81-0.83), and 0.88 (0.84-0.91) for all stroke, AIS and hemorrhagic stroke respectively. The association between ZVL and risk for stroke appeared to be stronger among beneficiaries 66-79 years compared to those ≥80 years of age (p=0.020 for interaction), but largely consistent across sex, and racial groups. Conclusion: Among Medicare beneficiaries, receipt of ZVL was associated with lower incidence of stroke. Further study is needed to confirm our findings.

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Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease in Psoriatic Patients: Real-World Data from a Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-53017-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eun Lee ◽

Ju Hee Han ◽

Chul Hwan Bang ◽

Seung Ah Yoo ◽

Kyung Do Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Renal Disease ◽

End Stage Renal Disease ◽

Treated Group ◽

Population Based ◽

Control Group ◽

Real World Data ◽

History Of ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage

Abstract Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder mediated by the T-cell–related immune response. Psoriatic patients may have a variety of comorbidities, but their risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), particularly according to the subtype of psoriasis, is unclear. We investigated the risk of ESRD in patients with psoriasis according to the subtype of psoriasis and history of systemic therapy for psoriasis. A total of 2,121,228 adults (1,590,921 in the control group and 530,307 in the psoriasis group) were enrolled in this nationwide population-based cohort study until 2015. During follow-up, 1,434 of the subjects in the psoriasis group developed ESRD. After adjusting for confounding factors, psoriasis was associated with the risk of ESRD (hazard ratio (HR) 1.58, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.47–1.68). The psoriatic arthritis group (HR 7.60, 95% CI 1.90–30.41) had a higher risk of ESRD than the control group. Interestingly, no such association was detected in the systemically treated group (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.80–1.41). Moreover, the acitretin-treated group had a lower risk of ESRD (HR 0.658, 95% CI, 0.494–0.875) than the non-systemically treated group. In conclusion, the risk of developing ESRD in patients with psoriasis differed according to the type of treatment and the presence of arthritis.

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Mother-to-Infant Bonding in Women With a Bipolar Spectrum Disorder

Frontiers in Pediatrics ◽

10.3389/fped.2021.646985 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Myrthe G. B. M. Boekhorst ◽

Annemerle Beerthuizen ◽

Manon Hillegers ◽

Victor J. M. Pop ◽

Veerle Bergink

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Population Based ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Control Group ◽

Bipolar Spectrum ◽

Bipolar Spectrum Disorder ◽

Not Otherwise Specified ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of

Purpose: Offspring of mothers with a bipolar disorder are at high-risk for impaired developmental outcomes and psychopathology (e. g., mood, anxiety, sleep disorders) later in life. This increased risk of psychopathology is not only because of genetic vulnerability, but environmental factors may play an important role as well. The often long and debilitating mood episodes of mothers with bipolar disorder might hamper their qualities as a caregiver and may impact the child. We examined early mother-to-infant bonding 1 year postpartum in mothers with bipolar spectrum disorder as compared to mothers of the general population. The association between mother-to-infant bonding and the type of bipolar spectrum diagnosis (bipolar I, bipolar II, bipolar Not Otherwise Specified) as well as relapse within 12 months postpartum was also assessed.Methods: In total, 75 pregnant women with a bipolar spectrum disorder participated in the current study. The participants were included in a longitudinal cohort study of women with bipolar spectrum disorder and were prospectively followed from pregnancy until 1 year postpartum. Mother-to-infant bonding was assessed using the Pre- and Postnatal Bonding Scale. A longitudinal population-based cohort of 1,419 pregnant women served as the control group. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to assess the association between bipolar spectrum disorder and mother-to-infant bonding scores, controlling for several confounders.Results: Women with bipolar spectrum disorder perceived the bonding with their child as less positive compared to the control group. The type of bipolar spectrum disorder was not associated with poorer bonding scores. Relapse during the 1st year after delivery also did not affect bonding scores in women with bipolar spectrum disorder.Conclusions: Our findings could imply that women with bipolar spectrum disorder are more vulnerable to impairments in bonding due to the nature of their psychopathology, regardless of the occurrence of postpartum relapse. Careful follow-up including monitoring of mother-to-infant bonding of pregnant women with a history of bipolar spectrum disorder should be a standard to this vulnerable group of women. In addition, regardless of severity and mood episode relapse, an intervention to improve bonding could be beneficial for all mothers with bipolar spectrum disorder and their newborns.

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Cancer and the risk of COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalisation, and death: a population-based multi-state cohort study including 4,618,377 adults in Catalonia, Spain

10.1101/2021.05.18.21257371 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elena Roel ◽

Andrea Pistillo ◽

Martina Recalde ◽

Sergio Fernandez-Bertolin ◽

Maria Aragon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Population Based ◽

High Risk Population ◽

Cancer Type ◽

Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

One Year

Objectives: To investigate the associations between cancer and risk of outpatient COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalisation, and COVID-19-related death, overall and by years since cancer diagnosis (<1-year, 1-5-years, >5-years), sex, age, and cancer type. Design: Population-based cohort study Setting: Primary care electronic health records including ~80% of the population in Catalonia, Spain, linked to hospital and mortality records between 1 March and 6 May 2020. Participants: Individuals aged ≥18 years with at least one year of prior medical history available from the general population. Cancer was defined as any prior diagnosis of a primary invasive malignancy excluding non-melanoma skin cancer. Main outcome measures: Cause-specific hazard ratios (aHR) with 95% confidence intervals for each outcome. Estimates were adjusted by age, sex, deprivation, smoking status, and comorbidities. Results: We included 4,618,377 adults, of which 260,667 (5.6%) had a history of cancer. Patients with cancer were older and had more comorbidities than cancer-free patients. A total of 98,951 individuals (5.5% with cancer) were diagnosed and 6,355 (16.4% with cancer) were directly hospitalised (no prior diagnosis) with COVID-19. Of those diagnosed, 6,851 were subsequently hospitalised (10.7% with cancer) and 3,227 died without being hospitalised (18.5% with cancer). Among those hospitalised, 1,963 (22.5% with cancer) died. Cancer was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 diagnosis (aHR: 1.08; 95% confidence interval [1.05-1.11]); direct COVID-19 hospitalisation (1.33 [1.24-1.43]); and death following a COVID-19 hospitalisation (1.12 [1.01-1.25]). These associations were stronger for patients recently diagnosed with cancer, aged <70 years, and with haematological cancers. Conclusions: Patients recently diagnosed with cancer, aged <70 years, or with haematological cancers are a high-risk population for COVID-19 diagnosis and severity. These patients should be prioritised in COVID-19 vaccination campaigns and continued non-pharmaceutical interventions.

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Overall and cancer-specific survival of breast, colon, and lung cancer in patients with and without chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A SEER population-based study of over 1 million patients.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.6571 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 6571-6571

Author(s):

Benjamin Maurice Solomon ◽

Kari G. Rabe ◽

Susan L Slager ◽

Jerry D Brewer ◽

James R. Cerhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Population Based ◽

Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Cancer Site ◽

Cancer Specific Survival ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Age And Sex

6571 Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is associated with an increased risk of developing second cancers. However, it is unknown whether CLL alters the natural history of these cancers once they occur. Methods: All patients with breast (n=583,838), colon (n=412,932), prostate (n=632,922), lung (n=489,290), kidney (n=95,902), pancreas (n=82,121) and ovarian (n=61,958) cancer reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program from 1990 to 2007 were identified. Overall survival (OS; death due to any cause) and cancer-specific survival (death due to cancer site of interest) were examined, comparing patients with or without pre-existing CLL. Age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated. Results: OS for patients with pre-existing CLL was inferior for patients with breast (HR=1.61; p<0.001), colon (HR=1.65; p<0.001), kidney (HR=1.41; p<0.001), prostate (HR=1.75; p<0.001), and lung (HR=1.22; p<0.001) cancer after adjusting for age and sex. After excluding CLL-related deaths, OS remained shorter among patients with breast (p<0.001), colon (p<0.001), kidney (p=0.03), prostate (p<0.001), and lung (p<0.001) cancer. Cancer-specific survival was inferior for patients with breast (HR=1.29; p=0.03), colon (HR=1.75; p<0.001), and lung cancer (HR=1.17; p<0.001) who had pre-existing CLL after adjusting for age and sex. Conclusions: Several common cancers, including breast, colon, and lung, have inferior overall and cancer-specific survival when there is coexistent CLL. [Table: see text]

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Thyrotropin results in euthyroid patients with a past history of hyperthyroidism

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1220623 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 122 (5) ◽

pp. 623-627 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Bevan E. W. Brownlie ◽

Helen M. Legge

Keyword(s):

Past History ◽

Antithyroid Drug ◽

Treated Group ◽

Antithyroid Drugs ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Previously Treated ◽

Tsh Levels ◽

Risk Of Relapse

Abstract. Sensitive TSH levels were measured in 93 euthyroid patients with a past history of hyperthyroidism. Subnormal TSH values were found in 18 out of 75 (24%) patients previously treated with a course of antithyroid drugs, and in 3 out of 18 (17%) post-thyroidectomy patients. These subnormal TSH results are a limitation to the general applicationof the TSH-first strategy. Twelve months follow-up showed that subnormal TSH values are associated with increased risk of relapse in the antithyroid drug treated group (p<0.001). Longer follow-up varies in duration and some late relapses have occurred in drug treated patients with normal baseline TSH levels. To date relapses have occurred in 3 out of 56 normal TSH patients compared with in 6 out of 16 suppressed TSH patients; no thyroidectomy patients have relapsed. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the predictive value of sensitive TSH measurements.

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Cardiovascular fitness in males at age 18 and risk of serious depression in adulthood: Swedish prospective population-based study

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.111.103416 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 201 (5) ◽

pp. 352-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Maria A. I. Åberg ◽

Margda Waern ◽

Jenny Nyberg ◽

Nancy L. Pedersen ◽

Ylva Bergh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Population Based ◽

Cardiovascular Fitness ◽

National Hospital ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Future Risk ◽

Swedish Cohort

BackgroundStudies suggest a role for cardiovascular fitness in the prevention of affective disorders.AimsTo determine whether cardiovascular fitness at age 18 is associated with future risk of serious affective illness.MethodPopulation-based Swedish cohort study of male conscripts (n = 1 117 292) born in 1950–1987 with no history of mental illness who were followed for 3–40 years. Data on cardiovascular fitness at conscription were linked with national hospital registers to calculate future risk of depression (requiring in-patient care) and bipolar disorder.ResultsIn fully adjusted models low cardiovascular fitness was associated with increased risk for serious depression (hazard ratios (HR)=1.96, 95%, CI 1.71–2.23). No such association could be shown for bipolar disorder (HR=1.11, 95% CI 0.84–1.47).ConclusionsLower cardiovascular fitness at age 18 was associated with increased risk of serious depression in adulthood. These results strengthen the theory of a cardiovascular contribution to the aetiology of depression.

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The association between psoriatic arthritis and venous thromboembolism: a population-based cohort study

Arthritis Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/s13075-021-02703-8 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tal Gazitt ◽

Jacob Pesachov ◽

Idit Lavi ◽

Muna Elias ◽

Amir Haddad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Psoriatic Arthritis ◽

Large Population ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Previous History ◽

Population Based ◽

Janus Kinase ◽

Control Group ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of

Abstract Background Although the risk of cardiovascular disease has been discussed extensively in both psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), very few studies have addressed the occurrence of venous thromboembolic (VTE) events among PsO patients, and even fewer in PsA. Thus, our goal was to assess the association between PsA and VTE events using a large population-based database. Methods This retrospective cohort study includes all 5,275 patients with newly diagnosed PsA from the largest health care provider in Israel between January 2003 and December 2018. Identified PsA patients were matched by age, sex, ethnicity, and index date with 21,011 controls without PsA from the same database. Both groups were followed through June 30, 2019 for the occurrence of VTE event. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess the association between PsA and VTE. Results PsA cohort consisted of 53.2% females with mean age of 51.7±15.4 Sixty-two patients (1.2%) were diagnosed with VTE in the PsA group and 176 patients (0.8%) in the control group (p=0.023, HR=1.40, 95% CI 1.05-1.87). However, there was no increased risk of VTE among PsA patients on multivariable analysis (p=0.16, HR=1.27, 95% CI 0.91-1.80). Within the PsA group, patients with VTE were more often of older age and with history of VTE. Conclusions This study suggests that the increased risk of VTE in PsA patients appears to be related to the underlying comorbidities and not independently associated with PsA. Age and previous history of VTE were the only risk factors associated with increased risk of VTE in patients with PsA. Addressing VTE risk is recommended especially in the era of Janus kinase inhibitors.

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Risk of cataract and glaucoma in patients with multiple sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458511426737 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 628-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Marloes T Bazelier ◽

Sigrid Mueller-Schotte ◽

Hubert GM Leufkens ◽

Bernard MJ Uitdehaag ◽

Tjeerd van Staa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

General Practice Research Database ◽

Population Based ◽

Practice Research ◽

Research Database ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

The Uk ◽

Hospital Registry

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with risk of cataract or glaucoma. Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study utilizing the UK General Practice Research Database (1987–2009) linked to the national hospital registry of England (1997–2008). Incident MS patients (5576 cases) were identified and each was matched to six patients without MS (controls) by age, gender, and practice. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of incident cataract and glaucoma in MS. Time-dependent adjustments were made for age, history of diseases and drug use. Results: MS patients had no overall increased risk of cataract, adjusted (adj.) HR 1.15 (95% CI 0.94–1.41) or glaucoma, adj. HR 1.02 (95% CI 0.78–1.33). Risk of cataract (adj. HR 2.45 (95% CI 1.56–3.86)) and glaucoma (adj. HR 1.70 (95% CI 1.01–2.86)) was significantly greater in patients < 50 years, particularly in men < 50 years: cataract, adj. HR 4.23 (95% CI 2.22–8.05) and glaucoma, adj. HR 2.76 (95% CI 1.28–5.93). Conclusion: This is the first study which showed that the risk of cataract and glaucoma is elevated in MS patients younger than 50 years, particularly men.

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Association of nasal septal deviation with the incidence of anxiety, depression, and migraine: A national population-based study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0259468 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. e0259468

Author(s):

Ki-Il Lee ◽

Seung Min In ◽

Jong-Yeup Kim ◽

Jee-Young Hong ◽

Kyung-Do Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Based ◽

Septal Deviation ◽

Rank Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Nasal Septal Deviation ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Increased Risk ◽

General Populations ◽

Anxiety Depression

Background & aims Nasal obstruction caused by nasal septal deviation is very bothersome and, therefore, can affect the patient’s emotional state. However, little is known about the effect of nasal septal deviation (NSD) on the neuropsychiatric aspects of patients. Therefore, this study aims to verify the higher incidence of anxiety, depression, and migraine in patients diagnosed with NSD compared to general populations using big data. Methods This retrospective cohort study collected subjects from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. Adjustments were made to minimize the confounding of variables for age, sex, residence type, income levels, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis between the two groups. The primary endpoint of this study was newly diagnosed anxiety, depression, and migraine between January 2009 and December 2018. Kaplan-Meier survival curves, logarithmic rank test, and Cox proportional regression test were used for statistical analysis. Results Among a total of 135,769 subjects in the NHIS database, 48,495 patients with NSD (NSD group) and 54,475 control subjects (control group) were selected. Patients with NSD had an increased risk of anxiety, depression, and migraine compared to the control group. In the NSD group, the adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were 1.236 (95% CI, 1.198–1.276) for anxiety, 1.289 (95% CI, 1.238–1.343) for depression, and 1.251 (95% CI, 1.214–1.290) for migraine. Conclusion NSD is associated with a higher incidence of anxiety, depression, and migraine. Therefore, it is suggested that physicians carefully consider psychoneurological distress and employ therapeutic strategies to minimize these conditions.

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