scholarly journals Weed Control, Growth, Nodulation, Quality and Storability of Peas as Affected by Pre- and Postemergence Herbicides

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Ibrahim S. Abdallah ◽  
Karima F. Abdelgawad ◽  
Mohamed M. El-Mogy ◽  
Mohamed B. I. El-Sawy ◽  
Hend A. Mahmoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Control Growth

Weeds represent a major constraint for successful pea cultivation, resulting in loss of green pea yield and quality. Two field experiments were carried out during the winter seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the efficacy of pendimethalin, butralin, fluazifop butyl, bentazon, and hoeing on weed control, and their impact on pea growth, nodule formation, yield, quality, and storability. The results indicated that hoeing and fluazifop butyl were the most effective treatments for weed control in terms of the lowest values of total weed dry weight. The bentazon and fluazifop butyl herbicides didn’t affect active nodules number, plant height, plant weight, root length, or number of leaves and branches. Additionally, bentazon and hoeing resulted in the highest total yield per plant and protein content. Butralin and pendimetalin achieved the lowest yield, and butralin also resulted in the lowest plant height and weight. Bentazon-treated peas had the highest chemical compositions in terms of chlorophyll, carotenoids, total sugar, and vitamin C contents in pea pods at harvest and during cold storage at 4 °C and 95 RH for 45 days. No detectable residues of the four herbicides under study were detected in green pods, suggesting that pods can be safely consumed at the time of harvesting. It can be concluded that nodules formation in pea was not affected significantly by the application of the tested herbicides, except pendimethalin and butralin. Furthermore, bentazon had a positive impact on nodules formation and pods quality and could be used effectively for controlling the broadleaf weeds, and it was simultaneously a selective and safe herbicide in pea cultivation.

Effect of weed control treatments and hill-spacing on soybean and associated weeds

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Galal
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seed Index

Two field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm of Assiut University, during the 2000 and 2001 summer seasons, to study the effect of three hill spacings (5, 10 and 15 cm) and six weed control treatments on the associated weeds, plant growth, yield and quality of soybean. The weed control treatments were carried out with trifluralin, linuron, pendimethalin, bentazon and hand hoeing, with an unweeded treatment as the control. All the weed control treatments exerted a significant influence on the dry weight of weeds. Hand hoeing and pendimethalin treatment significantly decreased the dry weight of dicot and monocot weeds as compared to the unweeded treatment. Hand hoeing gave the lowest value of the dry weight of total weeds and the highest efficiency percentage. In general, the significantly lowest dry weight of total weeds was recorded for densely sown soybeans. The weed control treatments exerted a significant influence on all the characters under study (plant height, weight of pods and seeds/plant, number of plants at harvest, seed yield/ha). The height of the first pod was lowered by hand hoeing and the application of pendimethalin increased the number of pods/plant, while the highest values of number of branches/plant, seed index, oil and protein contents were obtained after linuron application. wider spacing produced higher values for the number of pods and branches/plant, weight of pods and seeds/plant, seed index and protein content and lowered the height of the first pod as compared to plants sown at closer spacing. The latter produced the highest values of number of plants/ha, seed yield/ha and oil content at harvest. The first order interaction exerted a significant influence on all the characters studied, the highest seed yield/ha (2728.6 kg) being obtained from sowing plants at 5 cm combined with hand hoeing.

Kochia (Kochia scoparia) Interference in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly R. Durgan ◽  
Alan G. Dexter ◽  
Stephen D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kochia Scoparia

Field experiments were conducted in 1983 and 1984 at two locations to determine the influence of various densities and durations of kochia interference in sunflower. Sunflower achene yield and dry weight were reduced by all densities of kochia, averaged over locations and years. Season-long competition by kochia densities of 0.3, 1, 3, and 6 plants/m of row decreased sunflower achene yield 7, 10, 20, and 27%, respectively. Sunflower achene yield and sunflower dry weight decreased as weeks of kochia competition increased. Only 2 weeks of kochia competition after sunflower emergence decreased sunflower achene yield 6%. Sunflower achene yield loss increased as the duration of kochia competition increased. Sunflower 200 achene weight, oil content, and plant height were not influenced by various densities or durations of kochia competition.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF POULTRY MANURE AND WEED CONTROL METHODS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SESAME VARIETIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
O. Danmaigoro ◽  
M. I. Zamfara ◽  
H. Yakubu ◽  
Musa M. Umar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Sudan Savanna

Field trials were conducted in 2017 and 2018 wet seasons at Federal University Dutse Teaching and Research Farm (Latitude 11 46, 39”N and Longitude 9 20, 30”E) in the Sudan Savanna of Nigeria. To evaluate performance of sesame varieties as affected by poultry manure and weed control methods. The treatments consisted of five weed control treatments (pre-emergence application of ButachlorEC50%,  hoe weeding at 3WAS +pre-emergence butachlor EC50%, pre-emergence butachlor EC50%+hoe weeding at 3 and 6WAS, hoe weeding @ 3 and 6WAS and weedy check), three level of poultry manure (5, 10, and 15t/ha) and three sesame varieties (Ben 01, Yandev 55 and Ben 04E. The treatments were laid out in split plot design and replicated three times. The results indicated that weed control methods had significant effect (0.05) on the sesame growth and seed yield comparable to hoe weeding control at 3 and 6WAS where plant height number of leaves,  capsule number per plant and seed yield of sesame were significant higher with the application of butachlor plus hoe weeding at 3 and 6WAS compared to others weed control methods.  Poultry manure application on sesame as 15t/ha gave taller plant height, more number of leaves, higher sesame dry weight, longer capsule length and seed yield of sesame than the other rates while Ben 01(455 and 1043 ) perform better than the others two varieties (Yandev 498, 756 and Ben4E 522 and 765 ) for 2017 and 2018 seasons.  In conclusion,       

scholarly journals 181 Strawberry Growth and Weed Control in Response to Using Corn Gluten Hydrolysate

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 473C-473
Author(s):  
Craig A. Dilley ◽  
Gail R. Nonnecke ◽  
Nick E. Christians
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
N Source ◽  
Corn Gluten

Alternative approaches to strawberry production that rely on cultural practices, biological controls, or natural products to reduce or replace off-farm chemical inputs are needed. Driving this growing interest are environmental concerns and rising production costs. Corn gluten meal (CGM), a byproduct of corn wet-milling, has weed-control properties and is a N source. The weed control properties of CGM have been identified in previous studies. The hydrolysate is a water-soluble, concentrated extract of CGM that contains between 10% to 14% N. Our objective was to investigate corn gluten hydrolysate as a weed control product and N source in `Jewel' strawberry production. The field experiment was a randomized complete block with a factorial arrangement of treatments and four replications. Treatments included application of granular CGM, CGM hydrolysate, urea, urea, and DCPA (Dacthal), and a control (no application). Granular CGM and urea were incorporated into the soil at a depth of 2.5 cm at rates of 0, 29, 59, and 88 g N/plot. Plot size was 1 × 3 m. The field experiment was conducted from 1995-1998. The source of nitrogen showed few effects for all variables measuring yield and weed control for all years. In general, the rate of nitrogen had little or no effect on total yield. However, the rate of nitrogen at 88 g N/plot showed an increase in average berry weight, leaf area, leaf dry weight, and weed control.

scholarly journals The Effect of Humic Acid, Vermicompost and Nano-Phosphorous on Growth and Yield Characteristics of Maize (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (1) ◽  
pp. 012080
Author(s):  
Luma Salih Jabbar Al-Taweel ◽  
Ahmed Malik Waheed Al-Saadawi
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Root System ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Phosphorous Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Combination

Abstract In order to study the effect of adding humic acid, vermicompost and nano-phosphorous on the growth characteristics and yield of maize. An experiment was carried out in one of the fields located in Afak sub-district - Diwaniyah Governorate - Iraq in the autumn season 2020. The experiment was carried out according to a Complete Randomized Blocks Design with three replications. The treatments included adding humic acid at three levels (0, 10 and 20) kg H−1 and coded (H0, H1 and H2) sequentially, while vermicompost was added at two levels (0 and 4) tons H−1 and coded (V0 and V1) sequentially. While nano-phosphorous was added at three levels (0, 5 and 10) kg H−1 that coded by (nP0, nP1 and nP2) sequentially. The results of the experiment showed outperform the fertilizer combination (VnP1), which consisted of vermicompost (4) H− 1ton and nano-phosphorous (5) kgH−1, as it recorded the highest content of chlorophyll in leaves, the highest plant height, the highest weight of the vegetative and root system, the percentage of protein and the total grain yield (66.53). SPAD and 269.93 cm, 53.53 g and 11.853 g) compared to the control treatment that recorded the lowest values, followed by treatment (V) with a single effect of vermicompost (4) tonH−1, which outperformed in the content of leaves from chlorophyll, plant height, dry weight of the vegetative and root system and the percentage of the protein and total yield which recorded (SPAD 65.77, 263.50 cm, 53.04 g, 11.520 g, 12.25% and 12,393 mcg H−1) compared to the control treatment that recorded the lowest values, as the second level of single nano-phosphorous fertilizer (nP2) was significantly superior compared to the levels addition of nP and comparison treatment.

Factors affecting the early growth of Leucaena leucocephala

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.J Brandon ◽  
H.M Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Major Factors

Summary. Slow establishment has been identified as a major limitation to the more widespread adoption of the fodder tree Leucaena leucocephala in Queensland. Field experiments were conducted at Mt Cotton, Gayndah and Theodore in south-east Queensland during the 1987–88 summer to identify the major factors limiting first year yield of leucaena. Treatments at each site included irrigation (applied at sowing only, or at intervals throughout the trial), and rates of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and lime. Attack by psyllid insects, weed competition and defoliation by wildlife were noted and minimised where possible. Soil moisture appeared to be the major limitation to plant growth at the inland sites of Theodore and Gayndah where post-establishment irrigation increased final dry weight by 250%. Waterlogging reduced plant height increase at the low lying Mt Cotton site following higher than normal rainfall. Increase in plant height at the other sites stopped when night temperatures fell below 15°C. Application of P at 75–1200 kg/ha tripled final dry weight of leucaena at Mt Cotton (5 mg/kg bicarbonate-extractable P) but had no effect at Theodore (10 mg P/kg) or Gayndah (35 mg P/kg). Larger than normal responses to P during early growth may be due to slow colonisation of the roots by arbuscular mycorrhiza. Application of N (200 kg N/ha) increased dry weight of Rhizobium-inoculated leucaena by 27% at Theodore but had little or no effect at the other sites. Application of lime had no significant effects on plant height or dry weight of leucaena at Mt Cotton despite the soil being slightly acidic (pH 5.9 in 1 : 5 H2 O suspension). Further work on the role of colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi in determining uptake of P by leucaena is warranted in view of the large response to very high rates of P in young seedlings at Mt Cotton.

DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE OF MAIZE INBREDS TO BENTAZON AND OTHER HERBICIDES

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. FLEMING ◽  
P. A. BANKS ◽  
J. G. LEGG
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Maize Inbreds ◽  
Carrier Volume

One field and two greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the reaction of various maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds and single crosses to four herbicide treatments (atrazine, atrazine plus tridiphane, bentazon, metolachlor) relative to a nontreated control. All herbicides except metolachlor, which was used preemergence, were applied early postemergence with a nonphytotoxic crop oil at 1% carrier volume. Of significant importance is the discovery of maize susceptibility to bentazon and its inheritance. We suggest that the symbol, ben, be assigned to the recessive gene that causes this susceptibility. In the greenhouse, inbreds were more tolerant to atrazine and bentazon than other herbicide treatments. Tridiphane increased atrazine activity and reduced dry plant weight of inbreds on the average by 19%. None of the single crosses was significantly susceptible to atrazine. All inbreds and single crosses were sensitive to metolachlor in the greenhouse, as shown by the 49 and 35% reduction in dry weight, respectively. Information from these experiments can be useful in identifying sources of tolerance and susceptibility to the tested herbicides for programs in conventional maize breeding, weed control, and molecular engineering.Key words: Maize, bentazon, atrazine, tridiphane, metolachlor, inheritance

Selective Weed Control in Syrian Marjoram (Origanum syriacum) with Oxadiazon and Oxyfluorfen Herbicides

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 670-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal R. Qasem ◽  
Chester L. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Central Jordan ◽  
Low Rate

Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of oxadiazon and oxyfluorfen on weeds and Syrian marjoram (Origanum syriacumL.) in the central Jordan Valley during the period from 1998 to 2001. Results showed that weed competition with marjoram for the whole growing period resulted in almost complete crop failure. Oxyfluorfen and oxadiazon applied preplanting or postplanting to marjoram controlled weeds effectively, resulted in significant increase in marjoram shoot fresh and dry weight yields and in more branches per plant compared with the weed-infested control. High marjoram yield was obtained with oxyfluorfen applied at 0.72 kg ai/ha in preplanting treatment and with oxadiazon at 1.25 and 0.75 kg ai/ha in pre- and postplanting treatments, respectively. In preplanting treatment, 0.36 kg ai/ha of oxyfluorfen was highly selective, but 1.44 kg ai/ha reduced marjoram yield. Conflicting results were obtained with oxadiazon under the same treatments. In postplanting, oxyfluorfen at 0.24 and 0.96 kg ai/ha significantly increased marjoram yield over the weed-infested control. However, the highest shoot dry weight of marjoram was obtained at 0.96 kg ai/ha of this herbicide. In contrast, the low rate (0.38 kg ai/ha) of oxadiazon was highly selective and increased marjoram yield, but the herbicide failed to increase yield beyond the weed-infested control when the higher rate (1.5 kg ai/ha) was used. Results showed that both oxyfluorfen and oxadiazon herbicides were highly selective and effective for weed control in Syrian marjoram, providing normal rates of both are used, although high rates of the two herbicides were also selective and increased marjoram yield over the weed-infested control.

Tolerance of White Beans to Postemergence Broadleaf Herbicides

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Sikkema ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Christy Shropshire ◽  
Todd Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
White Bean

Weed control in white beans is currently limited by the small number of registered herbicides. The tolerance of two white bean cultivars, ‘AC Compass’ and ‘OAC Thunder’, to various postemergence (POST) herbicides at the maximum use rate and twice the maximum use rate for soybean or corn was evaluated at two Ontario locations in 2001 and 2002. Generally, the two cultivars did not differ in their response to the POST herbicides. POST applications of imazamox plus fomesafen, imazamox plus bentazon, and cloransulam-methyl decreased plant height, shoot dry weight, and yield by as much as 29, 41, and 55%, respectively, and increased seed moisture content up to 3.9%. POST applications of thifensulfuron, chlorimuron, and bromoxynil decreased plant height as much as 57%, shoot dry weight by up to 71%, yield as much as 93% and increased seed moisture content up to 15.5%. Based on these results, AC Compass and OAC Thunder white beans do not possess sufficient tolerance to support the registration of imazamox plus bentazon, imazamox plus fomesafen, cloransulam-methyl, thifensulfuron, chlorimuron, and bromoxynil.

Increased growth responses induced by a nonpathogenic Rhizoctonia solani

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2372-2378 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sneh ◽  
M. Zeidan ◽  
M. Ichielevich-Auster ◽  
I. Barash ◽  
Y. Koltin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Plant Weight

A nonpathogenic isolate of Rhizoctonia solani (No. 521, AG-4) induced increased growth in a variety of crops. In field experiments, it was expressed in increases of plant weight, cotton fiber weight, or grain yield. The increases for treated compared with untreated plants were as follows: radish, 13.4–19.8% fresh weight and 28.4–36.0% dry weight; carrot, 30.0–97.6% fresh weight and 55.0–150.5% dry weight; lettuce, 58.4% fresh weight and 61.8% dry weight; cotton, 28.7% fiber weight; wheat, 10.6–25.3% weight per grain and 15.4–36.5% grain yield. For the potato crop, although an increase in leaf, shoot, and tuber weight was induced by R. solani 63–70 days after planting, it was not expressed in yield at harvest time.

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