Selective Weed Control in Syrian Marjoram (Origanum syriacum) with Oxadiazon and Oxyfluorfen Herbicides

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 670-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal R. Qasem ◽  
Chester L. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Central Jordan ◽  
Low Rate

Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of oxadiazon and oxyfluorfen on weeds and Syrian marjoram (Origanum syriacumL.) in the central Jordan Valley during the period from 1998 to 2001. Results showed that weed competition with marjoram for the whole growing period resulted in almost complete crop failure. Oxyfluorfen and oxadiazon applied preplanting or postplanting to marjoram controlled weeds effectively, resulted in significant increase in marjoram shoot fresh and dry weight yields and in more branches per plant compared with the weed-infested control. High marjoram yield was obtained with oxyfluorfen applied at 0.72 kg ai/ha in preplanting treatment and with oxadiazon at 1.25 and 0.75 kg ai/ha in pre- and postplanting treatments, respectively. In preplanting treatment, 0.36 kg ai/ha of oxyfluorfen was highly selective, but 1.44 kg ai/ha reduced marjoram yield. Conflicting results were obtained with oxadiazon under the same treatments. In postplanting, oxyfluorfen at 0.24 and 0.96 kg ai/ha significantly increased marjoram yield over the weed-infested control. However, the highest shoot dry weight of marjoram was obtained at 0.96 kg ai/ha of this herbicide. In contrast, the low rate (0.38 kg ai/ha) of oxadiazon was highly selective and increased marjoram yield, but the herbicide failed to increase yield beyond the weed-infested control when the higher rate (1.5 kg ai/ha) was used. Results showed that both oxyfluorfen and oxadiazon herbicides were highly selective and effective for weed control in Syrian marjoram, providing normal rates of both are used, although high rates of the two herbicides were also selective and increased marjoram yield over the weed-infested control.

Long-spine sandbur [Cenchrus longispinus (Hack. in Kneuck.) Fernald] control in corn

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Soltani ◽  
M. Kumagai ◽  
L. Brown ◽  
P H Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Better Than

Long-spine sandbur is an annual grass that infests many fields in southwestern Ontario, especially those with sandy soils. Eight field experiments were conducted over a 2-yr period (2007, 2008) in Ontario to determine the efficacy of various preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicides for control of long-spine sandbur in corn. Generally, the POST applied herbicides controlled long-spine sandbur better than PRE herbicides evaluated in this study. PRE application of dimethenamid-p (1250 g a.i. ha-1), S-metolachlor (1600 g a.i. ha-1), flufenacet (1040 g a.i. ha-1), pendimethalin (1680 g a.i. ha-1), pyroxasulfone (250 g a.i. ha-1), or isoxaflutole plus atrazine (105 + 1063 g a.i. ha-1) controlled long-spine sandbur 0-79%. POST application mesotrione + atrazine (140 + 280 g a.i. ha-1) or topramezone + atrazine (18.75 + 500 g a.i. ha-1) provided 24-82% control, foramsulfuron (35 g a.i. ha-1) or primisulfuron/dicamba (26 +140 g a.i. ha-1) provided 54-87% control, and rimsulfuron (15 g a.i. ha-1), nicosulfuron (25 g a.i. ha-1) or nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron (25 g a.i. ha-1) provided 68-95% control of long-spine sandbur in corn. Similar reduction in sandbur density and shoot dry weight were observed. PRE applied isoxaflutole + atrazine and POST applied rimsulfuron, nicosulfuron, nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron, foramsulfuron, primisulfuron/dicamba, and topramezone + atrazine all provided yield comparable with the weed-free control. Among the herbicides evaluated rimsulfuron, nicosulfuron, and nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron provide the most consistent long-spine sandbur control in corn.Key words: Weed control, preemergence herbicide, postemergence herbicide, rimsulfuron, nicosulfuron, foramsulfuron, primisulfuron, dicamba, topramezone, atrazine

Investigation of a chlorsulfuron-resistant chickweed [Stellaria media (L.) Vill.] population

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. O'Donovan ◽  
G. M. Jeffers ◽  
M. P. Sharma ◽  
D. Maurice
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Growth Analyses

A chickweed population (R) from a farm near Stony Plain, Alberta, was more resistant to chlorsulfuron than a population (S) collected near Vegreville, Alberta. In greenhouse experiments, the S population was controlled completely by chlorsulfuron applied at 5 g ha−1, whereas 22 g ha−1 was required to reduce dry weight of the R population by 50%. Experiments conducted in a germinator indicated that percentage germination of the R population was higher than that of the S population up to ~ 60 h. Growth analyses in the greenhouse indicated that leaf number, leaf area, shoot dry weight, days to flowering, flower number, seed weight and relative yields differed little between the two populations. In field experiments, control of the R population was poor with the sulfonylurea herbicides, chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron methyl, triasulfuron, amidosulfuron and thifensulfuron. Good to excellent control was obtained with cyanazine/MCPA, linuron, metribuzin, mecoprop, bentazon, metribuzin + MCPA, linuron + MCPA, and mecoprop + bentazon. Key words: Sulfonylurea herbicides, chlorsulfuron, herbicide resistance, relative competitiveness

Pre-maturity gradients in shoot size and in number and size of florets for spring barley treated with mepiquat chloride

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-639
Author(s):  
S. R. Waddington ◽  
Phyllis Cartwright
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Mepiquat Chloride ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Spike Development ◽  
Shoot Size

SummaryEffects of mepiquat chloride on gradients of shoot growth within spring barley plants (cv. Koru) were determined in two small-scale field experiments. Mepiquat chloride was applied at either the lemma primordium stage or the late carpel primordium stage of spike development in the main shoot. The shoot dry weight, stem length, spike length, number and size of florets and floret developmental score were measured for all shoots, over the period from the lemma primordium stage of main shoot spike development to the late milk stage of grain development.Lemma primordium mepiquat chloride increased the size and developmental score of later-formed shorter shoots pre-anthesis while delaying the spike development of the main shoot and other longer shoots by up to 4 days. The overall effect was to produce plants with a reduced range of shoot and spike sizes from the end of floret initiation in the main shoot until maturity. In addition, there was a slight increase in the number of shoots per plant in both experiments. Gradients of carpel development and carpel width along the spike were reduced in all treated spikes by the time of floret abortion in the main shoot but the effects were more noticeable in shorter shoots. The number of florets initiated per plant was increased by 21–22%. All shoots contributed to the larger number of florets but again the major additions came from the shorter shoots. The few extra florets initiated in longer shoots were lost during abortion of distal florets while the 2–5 extra florets on shorter shoots were retained to give extra grains at maturity.Application of mepiquat chloride at the late carpel primordium stage had little effect on gradients of spike size or on number, size and development of florets.

scholarly journals Chemical control and herbicide resistance of hairy fleabane [Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist] in Jordan

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal R. Qasem
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Conyza Bonariensis ◽  
Central Jordan ◽  
Nonchemical Weed Control ◽  
Hairy Fleabane

Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of 12 herbicides in controlling hairy fleabane [ Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist] in a date palm orchard located in the central Jordan valley during the spring of 2017. Results showed that C. bonariensis resists paraquat (2.5, 5 and 7.5kgha -1 ), oxadiazon (5kgha -1 ) and oxyflourfen (3.3kgha -1 ) herbicides applied at normal or higher than the recommended rates. None of the three herbicides was significantly effective against the weed and treated plants continued growing normally similar to those of untreated control. Higher rates (10-fold of the recommended rates) of the same herbicides failed to control the weed. The effect of other tested herbicides on the weed was varied with bromoxynil plus MCPA (buctril ® M), 2,4-D- iso-octyl ester, glyphosate, glyphosate trimesium and triclopyr were most effective and completely controlled the weed at recommended rates of application. Testing paraquat, oxadiazon and oxyflourfen using the normal recommended and 10-fold higher rates on two populations of C. bonariensis grown from seeds of the date palm and al-Twal (another site in the Jordan Valley) weed populations and grown in pots under glasshouse conditions showed that Date palm population was resistant to the three herbicides at both application rates while al-Twal site population was highly susceptible and completely controlled at normal and high rates of the three herbicides. It is concluded that certain populations of C . bonariensis developed resistance to paraquat, oxadiazon and oxyflourfen but control of this weed was possible using other herbicides of different mechanism of action. Herbicide rotation or other nonchemical weed control methods have been suggested to prevent or reduce the buildup and spread of resistant populations of this weed species. These results represent the first report on herbicide resistance of C. bonariensis in Jordan.

scholarly journals Weed Control, Growth, Nodulation, Quality and Storability of Peas as Affected by Pre- and Postemergence Herbicides

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Ibrahim S. Abdallah ◽  
Karima F. Abdelgawad ◽  
Mohamed M. El-Mogy ◽  
Mohamed B. I. El-Sawy ◽  
Hend A. Mahmoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Control Growth

Weeds represent a major constraint for successful pea cultivation, resulting in loss of green pea yield and quality. Two field experiments were carried out during the winter seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the efficacy of pendimethalin, butralin, fluazifop butyl, bentazon, and hoeing on weed control, and their impact on pea growth, nodule formation, yield, quality, and storability. The results indicated that hoeing and fluazifop butyl were the most effective treatments for weed control in terms of the lowest values of total weed dry weight. The bentazon and fluazifop butyl herbicides didn’t affect active nodules number, plant height, plant weight, root length, or number of leaves and branches. Additionally, bentazon and hoeing resulted in the highest total yield per plant and protein content. Butralin and pendimetalin achieved the lowest yield, and butralin also resulted in the lowest plant height and weight. Bentazon-treated peas had the highest chemical compositions in terms of chlorophyll, carotenoids, total sugar, and vitamin C contents in pea pods at harvest and during cold storage at 4 °C and 95 RH for 45 days. No detectable residues of the four herbicides under study were detected in green pods, suggesting that pods can be safely consumed at the time of harvesting. It can be concluded that nodules formation in pea was not affected significantly by the application of the tested herbicides, except pendimethalin and butralin. Furthermore, bentazon had a positive impact on nodules formation and pods quality and could be used effectively for controlling the broadleaf weeds, and it was simultaneously a selective and safe herbicide in pea cultivation.

scholarly journals In Vitro Brassica Genotypes Growth Evaluation against NaCl Salt Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Imdad Ali Mahmood ◽  
Armghan Shahzad ◽  
Muhammad Arshad Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Suhaib ◽  
Syed Ishtiaq Hyder
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Growth Evaluation ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Ranking Order ◽  
Hydroponic Study

A hydroponic study was conducted to see the performance of fifteen Brassica genotypes (BARD-I, Sultan Raya, 19-H, Shiralle, Dunkled, 85-508, Toria, 85-499, BSA, 85-397, 85-500, 85-497, 85-5001, CON-I, and Jewel) for their salt tolerance. Four levels of NaCl (0, 30, 60 and 90 mM/L) were developed. One week old two healthy seedlings of each Brassica genotypes were transplanted in holes of thermopole sheet floating over a 200 mL capacity container having half strength Hoagland solution. Increasing the NaCl salinity significantly reduced the shoot and root dry weight of all Brassica genotypes. On an average, about 47% reduction in shoot dry weight was observed under higher salinity level (90 mM/NaCl). Although, all the genotypes differed among themselves in ability to tolerate salinity however, ranking order of genotypes showed that Sultan Raya performed well followed by BARD-I than rest of the genotypes. Genotype 85-500 produced comparatively the least shoot and root dry weights and accumulated more Na+, less K+ and Ca+2 than rest of the genotypes. The reverse was true for Sultan Raya and BARD-I. The farmers could be benefitted through growing the selected comparatively more tolerant genotypes which could grow and survive under salt stress conditions rather than complete crop failure.

Interference and Control of Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and Southern Sandbur (Cenchrus echinatus) in Forage Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
Glenn Wehtje ◽  
John S. Richburg
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Competitive Species ◽  
And Control ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Field experiments were conducted at two locations in central Alabama to evaluate competitiveness of large crabgrass and southern sandbur with ‘Tifton 78’ hybrid bermudagrass as influenced by diuron application and sprigging rate. Large crabgrass was the more competitive species. In late season, bermudagrass ground cover with no weed competition was 96% compared with 72 and 81% where large crabgrass and southern sandbur, respectively, were present. Similarly, large crabgrass and southern sandbur reduced the proportion of bermudagrass in the cumulative harvested forage by at least 59 and 38%, respectively. Application of diuron preemergence (PRE) at 1.1 kg ai/ha was more effective than postemergence (POST) application, both in terms of weed control and bermudagrass safety. With diuron applied PRE, large crabgrass and southern sandbur reduced the proportion of bermudagrass in the harvested forage only 32 and 25%, respectively. Increasing bermudagrass sprigging rate was beneficial for weed control but of relatively minor importance compared with diuron PRE.

Weed competition in maize (Zea mays L.) as a function of the timing of hand-hoeing weed control in the southern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Takim
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
The University

Field studies were conducted in 2010 and 2011 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Ilorin, Nigeria (9°29′ N, 4°35′ E) to evaluate the effect of early weed competition on the growth and yield of maize. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block (RCBD) with a split-plot arrangement and three replications. The main plots consisted of three weed control treatments included weedy (no herbicide), grass weeds (pre-emergence atrazine) and broadleaf weeds (pre-emergence metolachlor), while the sub-plots consisted of six durations of weed infestation (3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 weeks after emergence). The pre-emergence herbicides had a greater effect on weed density and weed dry weight. Weed seedling emergence and weed dry weight increased significantly with an increase in the duration of weed interference. The grasses and broadleaf weeds had a similar influence on the growth and grain yield of maize. Three to five weeks of weed interference gave similar grain yields, which were significantly higher than those obtained in plots that had 6-8 weeks of weed interference. These results suggest that the maize crop must be kept free of weeds for 6-8 weeks after the application of pre-emergence herbicide to minimize weed-crop competition and harvest a good grain yield.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF Pratylenchus brachyurus IN SOYBEAN CROPS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Kethelin Cristine Laurindo de Oliveira ◽  
Dejânia vieira de Araújo ◽  
Angélica Carmos de Meneses ◽  
Jéssica Moreira e Silva ◽  
Rodolfo Luis Cardoso Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Purpureocillium Lilacinum ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus

ABSTRACT The efficiency of biological products combined with biological fertilization for controlling Pratylenchus brachyurus in soybean crops, and effects of these treatments on soybean crops were evaluate. A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Mato Grosso State University, in Brazil, using a randomized block design with a 10×2 factorial arrangement, and four replications. The treatments consisted of Trichoderma asperellum, B. subtilis, Purpureocillium lilacinum, B. subtilis + T. asperellum, B. subtilis + P. lilacinum, T. asperellum + P. lilacinum, B. subtilis + T. asperellum + P. lilacinum and abamectin, and Controls with, and without nematodes. Nematode population, plant height, stem base diameter, and soil microbiological characteristics (at 60 and 120 days after sowing - DAS), shoot dry weight (60 DAS), and number of pods per plant, and grain yield (120 DAS) were evaluated. The treatments were efficient for the control of phytonematodes at 60 DAS; the efficiency of treatments with biological products increased when combined with biological fertilization. The biological products were more efficient for controlling the nematodes than abamectin at 120 DAS; and the percentage of control were higher when they were combined with biological fertilization, in both growing periods. The biological treatments resulted in better agronomic characteristics, and higher number of pods per plant, and grain yield, affecting the plants in the first growing period, and significant interaction with the biological fertilizer for these variables in the second growing period. The interaction between treatments and biological fertilization was significant for soil microbiological characteristics in the second growing period.

Response of Corn to Simulated Glyphosate Drift Followed by In-Crop Herbicides

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynette R. Brown ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Bryan G. Young ◽  
Mark M. Loux ◽  
William G. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Glyphosate Drift

Thirteen field experiments were conducted in Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Ontario from 2005 to 2007 to determine the effects of simulated glyphosate drift followed by in-crop applications of nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron plus dicamba/diflufenzopyr or foramsulfuron plus bromoxynil plus atrazine on nontransgenic corn injury, height, stand count, shoot dry weight, and yield. Simulated glyphosate drift at 100 and 200 g/ha, resulted in 11 to 61% visual crop injury and a 19 to 45% decrease in corn height. Simulated glyphosate drift at 200 g/ha caused a reduction in shoot dry weight by 46%, stand count by 28% and yield by 49 to 56%. Generally, simulated glyphosate drift followed by the in-crop herbicides resulted in an additive response with respect to visual crop injury, height, stand count, shoot dry weight, and yield.

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