scholarly journals Rhizospheric Fungal Diversities and Soil Biochemical Factors of Fritillaria taipaiensis over Five Cultivation Years

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Nong Zhou ◽  
Maojun Mu ◽  
Hui Xie ◽  
Yu Wu ◽  
You Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Available N ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Growth Decline ◽  
Chinese Medicinal Plant

Fritillaria taipaiensis is a valuable traditional Chinese medicinal plant that has experienced continuous decline over its cropping area. The present study aims to explore the reasons for the quality and growth decline. The fungal diversities and biochemical factors in its rhizospheric soils with cultivation duration from 1 up to 5 years were analyzed and compared. The results showed that rhizospheric fungi of F. taipaiensis belong to six phyla, including Neocallimastigomycota, Glomeromycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota and Ascomycota. Thirteen genera (Pseudogymnoascus, Fusarium, Mortierella, Colletotrichum, Laetinaevia, Gibberella, Synchytrium, Lysurus, Trichocladium, Volutella, Monoblepharis, Aquamyces and Trichoderma) constituted the “core community” in the rhizosphere of F. taipaiensis. The dominant fungal genera varied significantly in rhizospheric soils with different cultivation years. The abundance of fungal species in the soil declined with the cultivation year generally. The pH, available P, organic matter and urease activity were the primary factors determining the fungal community composition in the rhizosphere. The content of organic matter, available N, P and K and the activities of urease and alkaline phosphatase decreased with cultivation years. The soil pH increased with cultivation years and was unsuitable for F. taipaiensis growth. These features suggested that long-term single planting altered the fungal community structure, fertility conditions and soil enzyme activities in F. taipaiensis rhizospheric soils, which could be detrimental for plant growth and quality.

Fungal community composition in soils subjected to long-term chemical fertilization is most influenced by the type of organic matter

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 5137-5150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruibo Sun ◽  
Melissa Dsouza ◽  
Jack A. Gilbert ◽  
Xisheng Guo ◽  
Daozhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Chemical Fertilization

scholarly journals Responses of fungal community composition to long-term chemical and organic fertilization strategies in Chinese Mollisols

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. e00597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingchao Ma ◽  
Xin Jiang ◽  
Qingfeng Wang ◽  
Marc Ongena ◽  
Dan Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Fungal Community Composition

scholarly journals Detection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with pecan (Carya illinoinensis) trees by molecular and morphological approaches

MycoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Fernández Bidondo ◽  
R. P. Colombo ◽  
M. Recchi ◽  
V. A. Silvani ◽  
M. Pérgola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Fungal Specificity

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal community associated with pecan (Caryaillinoinensis) roots and rhizospheric soils was assessed by spore isolation and morphological characterisation and by pyrosequencing of AM molecular markers. The AM fungal community associated with pecan growing in the field, was always more diverse than that associated with pecan growing in containers. This was not observed when AM richness was studied, suggesting that soil disturbance by a reduction in host plant richness leads to a less equitable distribution of AM fungal species, in contrast to natural soils. The chosen primers (AMV4.5F/AMDGR) for pyrosequencing showed high AM fungal specificity. Based on 97% sequence similarity, 49 operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) were obtained and, amongst these, 41 MOTUs corresponded to the Glomeromycotaphylum. The number of obtained AM sequences ranged from 2164, associated with field samples, to 5572 obtained from pecan trap pot culture samples, defining 30 and 29 MOTUs, respectively. Richness estimated by conventional species identification was 6 and 9 AM fungal species in soil and pot samples, respectively. Claroideoglomuslamellosum, Funneliformismosseae and Entrophosporainfrequens were the only taxa detected using both techniques. Predominant sequences in the pecan rhizosphere samples, such as Rhizoglomusirregulare and other less abundant (Dominikiairanica, Dominikiaindica, Sclerocystissinuosa, Paraglomuslaccatum), were detected only by pyrosequencing. Detection of AM fungal species based on spore morphology, in combination with molecular approaches, provides a more comprehensive estimate of fungal community composition.

scholarly journals Redevelopment of biological activity in stripmine spoils: saprotrophic fungi – abstract

1988 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 85-85
Author(s):  
Suzanne Visser
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Soil Fungal Community ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Decomposition Of Plant Residues

The impact of severe soil disturbance on soil fungal community composition and function and how this relates to the resultant decomposition/mineralisation process is very poorly understood. Consequently, research was conducted to determine: (a) to what degree fungal community structure and potential function are altered in a sub-alpine coal mine spoil (Luscar, Alberta), and (b) how do alterations in the fungal community affect patterns of fungal colonisation and decomposition of plant residues deposited on recently mined soil.

Effects of long-term fertilization on AM fungal community structure and Glomalin-related soil protein in the Loess Plateau of China

2010 ◽  
Vol 342 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 233-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fasi Wu ◽  
Maoxing Dong ◽  
Yongjun Liu ◽  
Xiaojun Ma ◽  
Lizhe An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Soil Protein

scholarly journals Long-Term Monoculture Negatively Regulates Fungal Community Composition and Abundance of Tea Orchards

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasir Arafat ◽  
Muhammad Tayyab ◽  
Muhammad Umar Khan ◽  
Ting Chen ◽  
Hira Amjad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Continuous Cropping System ◽  
Tea Plants

Continuous cropping frequently leads to soil acidification and major soil-borne diseases in tea plants, resulting in low tea yield. We have limited knowledge about the effects of continuous tea monoculture on soil properties and the fungal community. Here, we selected three replanted tea fields with 2, 15, and 30 years of monoculture history to assess the influence of continuous cropping on fungal communities and soil physiochemical attributes. The results showed that continuous tea monoculture significantly reduced soil pH and tea yield. Alpha diversity analysis showed that species richness declined significantly as the tea planting years increased and the results based on diversity indicated inconsistency. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed that monoculture duration had the highest loading in structuring fungal communities. The relative abundance of Ascomycota, Glomeromycota, and Chytridiomycota decreased and Zygomycota and Basidiomycota increased with increasing cropping time. Continuous tea cropping not only decreased some beneficial fungal species such as Mortierella alpina and Mortierella elongatula, but also promoted potentially pathogenic fungal species such as Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Microidium phyllanthi over time. Overall, continuous tea cropping decreased soil pH and potentially beneficial microbes and increased soil pathogenic microbes, which could be the reason for reducing tea yield. Thus, developing sustainable tea farming to improve soil pH, microbial activity, and enhanced beneficial soil microbes under a continuous cropping system is vital for tea production.

Effects of long-term bare fallow during the winter-wheat growth season on the soil chemical properties, fungal community composition and the occurrence of maize fungal diseases in North China

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajiao Wang ◽  
Lijing Ji ◽  
Qiusheng Li ◽  
yu xing wu ◽  
Congcong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Growth Season ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Bare Fallow

On the North China Plain, one of the most water-deficient regions in China, bare fallow has been implemented over a large-scale area to conserve water during the growth season of water-intensive winter wheat since 2015. However, the effects of this bare fallow on fungal community and the occurrence of crop diseases are poorly understood. Here we measured soil chemical properties, fungal community composition and the occurrence of crop diseases after 15 years of long-term fallow (continuous maize or soybean) and non-fallow (maize-wheat rotation; soybean-wheat rotation) cropping systems. Bare fallow during the winter-wheat growth season significantly decreased soil organic matter, available nitrogen and phosphorus. It also changed the composition of soil fungal communities, i.e., increased relative abundances of some potentially pathogenic species of Lectera, Fusarium and Volutella but decreased beneficial Cladorrhium and Schizothecium. Meanwhile, the epidemic tendency of maize diseases changed correspondingly: the disease index of southern corn leaf blight and maize brown spot increased, but the incidence of stalk rot decreased compared with the non-fallow system. Soybean diseases were very mild regardless of the cropping system during the total experimental period. Network analysis demonstrated that the soil fungal diversity associated with maize diseases was affected by the decreased soil organic matter and available nitrogen and phosphorus. Our results suggest that bare fallow in winter-wheat season affected the soil chemical properties, fungal community and the occurrence of maize fungal diseases.

scholarly journals Promoting the Growth of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Seedlings and Improving Rhizosphere Fungal Community Structure through Interaction between Trichoderma and Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saiyaremu Halifu ◽  
Xun Deng ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Jiangbao Xia ◽  
Xiaoshuang Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Suillus Luteus ◽  
Fungal Community Structure

In this study, pot experiments were conducted on the seedlings of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica to study the influence of Trichoderma (Trichoderma harzianum E15) and Ectomycorrhizal fungi (Suillus luteus N94) on the growth of these seedlings. In particular, the effects of these fungi on the fungal community structure in the rhizosphere soil of the seedlings were investigated. Inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum E15 and Suillus luteus N94 significantly (P < 0.05) promoted the growth of the Pinus sylvestris seedlings. The non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) results indicated a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the fungal community structures in the rhizosphere soil of the annual and biennial seedlings. In the rhizosphere soil of annual seedlings, the main fungi were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, and p-unclassified-k-Fungi were the main fungi in the rhizosphere soil of biennial seedlings. The dominant genus in the rhizosphere soil and a key factor promoting the growth of the annual and the biennial seedlings was Trichoderma, Suillus, respectively. Both of them were negatively correlated with the relative abundance of microbial flora in the symbiotic environment. Trichoderma had a significant promoting effect on the conversion of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and the organic matter in the rhizosphere soil of the seedlings, while Suillus significantly promoted the conversion of organic matter and total phosphorus.

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