scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Triple Action Bioagents (TAB) and Their Potency against Fusarium Wilt of Lentil

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Raheeba Tun Nisa ◽  
Khurshid Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Umer Basu ◽  
Rameesa Rashid ◽  
Xiukang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar Medium ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable

Fusarium wilt is a severe disease that plays a significant role in reducing the yield of lentil. Under favorable conditions for disease growth, the disease can cause complete crop failure and can be a crucial limiting issue for lentil cultivation in specific geographical zones. The current work focused on isolating potentialbio-agents exhibiting copper oxychloride resistance and evaluating their efficacy in seed treatment for ecologically sustainable management of Fusarium wilt of lentil. Seventy biocontrol agent isolates were isolated and tested for resistance by growing them on Potato Dextrose Agar medium (PDA) amended with copper oxychloride at the rate of 2500 ppm. Isolate-H10 and isolate-C9 showed more excellent compatibility with copper oxychloride fungicide with 69 mm and 65 mm radial growths, respectively. The isolates H10 and C9 had the highest inhibitory percentages of 84.30% and 83.94% against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, respectively, and the highest phosphorus solubilization index (PSI). Primers (ITS 1 and ITS 4) identified these putative bioagents as Trichoderma harzianum isolate skua-tab-1 and Penicillium crysogenum strain Tab2. Sequences were submitted to the NCBI and assigned the accession numbers MK414603 and MK418066. In pot culture, these isolates also demonstrated their superiority in reducing the disease incidence and severity if seeds were treated with H10 and C9 alone or in combination with copper oxychloride fungicide. The two isolated bioagents exhibit three fundamental properties: compatibility with copper oxychloride, antagonistic activity toward the pathogen fall armyworm, and the ability to dissolve phosphorus minerals.

Biological control of Fusarium wilt of cucumber with nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Paulitz ◽  
C. S. Park ◽  
R. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cucumber Roots ◽  
Linear Regressions

Nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum were obtained from surface-disinfested, symptomless cucumber roots grown in two raw (nonautoclaved) soils. These isolates were screened for pathogenicity and biological control activity against Fusarium wilt of cucumber in raw soil infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (F.o.c.). The influence of three isolates effective in inducing suppressiveness and three ineffective isolates on disease incidence over time was tested. The effective isolates reduced the infection rate (R), based on linear regressions of data transformed to loge (1/1 – y). Effective isolate C5 was added to raw soil infested with various inoculum densities of F.o.c. In treatments without C5, the increase in inoculum densities of F.o.c. decreased the incubation period of wilt disease, but there was no significant difference in infection rate among the inoculum density treatments. Isolate C5 reduced the infection rate at all inoculum densities of F.o.c. Various inoculum densities of C5 were added to raw soils infested with 1000 cfu/g of F.o.c. In the first trial, infection rates were reduced only in the treatment with 10 000 cfu/g of C5; in the second trial, infection rates were reduced in treatments with 10 000 and 30 000 cfu/g of C5.

scholarly journals Cultivar and Spacing Effects on Transmission of Phytophthora parasitica in an Ebb-and-Flow Subirrigation System

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen S. Strong ◽  
Bridget K. Behe ◽  
C. Fred Deneke ◽  
Kira L. Bowen ◽  
Gary J. Keever
Keyword(s):  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Phytophthora Parasitica ◽  
Spacing Effects ◽  
Ebb And Flow

Phytophthora parasitica was transmitted within 6 weeks from vinca (Catharanthus roseus) plants growing in infested potting mix, on the drain end of ebb-and-flow benches, to plants in noninfested potting mix. Transmission of Phytophthora was very low when potting mix was not pasteurized. When potting mix was steam pasteurized, infection of plants, disease incidence, and severity increased with time and decreased with distance from plants in infested pots. The cultivar Pretty in Pink was more susceptible to infection by P. parasitica than cv. Peppermint Cooler, allowing more rapid and severe disease development as well as pathogen dissemination and transmission. Pot spacing did not significantly affect transmission of P. parasitica on an ebb-and-flow bench.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Chickpea Varieties under Rainfed Condition of Dharmapuri District, Tamil Nadu, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
M. Sangeetha ◽  
K. Indhumathi ◽  
P. S. Shanmugam
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Rainfed Condition ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Disease ◽  
Benefit Cost

Chickpea is an important pulse crop grown during rabi season in black soil areas of Dharmapuri District. Among the various biotic and abiotic factors, the drought stress and fusarium wilt disease incidence are the major problems that reduces the chickpea yield to a greater extent. To overcome the above problems, the varieties viz., JAKI 9218 and GBM 2 were studied in comparison with farmers practice i.e., CO 4 for identification of suitable drought and disease tolerant high yielding variety for prevailing rainfed condition. The results revealed that JAKI 9218 and GBM 2 were found promising under rainfed condition and recorded the grain yield of 1008 and 933 kg/ha as compared to 808 kg/ha in CO 4. The variety JAKI 9218 proved to be superior with a yield increase of 24.7 per cent over CO 4 and 8.04 per cent over GBM 2. The pod borer and fusarium wilt disease incidence were lower in the variety JAKI 9218. The highest net income of Rs. 22158 /- and benefit cost ratio of 2.16 was realized in JAKI 9218 and the lowest net income of Rs. 13958 /- and benefit cost ratio of 1.77 was realized in farmers practice i.e., CO 4. It is concluded from the study that the chickpea variety JAKI 9218 can be recommended for large scale cultivation under rainfed condition of Dharmapuri district for realizing higher return by the farmers.

scholarly journals Managing Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon with Delayed Transplanting and Cultivar Resistance

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Keinath ◽  
Timothy W. Coolong ◽  
Justin D. Lanier ◽  
Pingsheng Ji
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Cultivar Resistance ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Triploid Watermelon ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Fusarium wilt of watermelon caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum is a serious, widespread disease of watermelon throughout the southern United States. To investigate whether soil temperature affects disease development, three cultivars of triploid watermelon were transplanted March 17 to 21, April 7 to 11, and April 26 to May 2 in 2015 and 2016 at Charleston, SC, and Tifton, GA into fields naturally infested with F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum. Incidence of Fusarium wilt was lower with late-season than with early and midseason transplanting in all four experiments (P ≤ 0.01). Cultivar Citation had more wilted plants than the cultivars Fascination and Melody in three of four experiments (P ≤ 0.05). In South Carolina, planting date did not affect weight and number of marketable fruit ≥4.5 kg apiece. In Georgia in 2016, weight and number of marketable fruit were greater with late transplanting than with early and midseason transplanting. In both states, yield and value for Fascination and Melody were higher than for Citation. Soil temperature averaged over the 4-week period after transplanting was negatively correlated with disease incidence for all four experiments (r = –0.737, P = 0.006). Transplanting after mid-April and choosing a cultivar with resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 1, like Fascination, or tolerance, like Melody, can help manage Fusarium wilt of watermelon and increase marketable yields in the southern United States.

Relative host resistance to Alternaria leaf spot in canola and mustard varieties is defined by Alternaria species

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 689
Author(s):  
Hebba F. D. Al-Lami ◽  
Ming Pei You ◽  
Martin J. Barbetti
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Alternaria Leaf Spot ◽  
Ethiopian Mustard ◽  
Alternaria Species ◽  
Collapse Index

Both Alternaria japonica and A. brassicae cause severe Alternaria leaf spot on canola (Brassica napus) and mustard (B. juncea). We tested 103 Brassicaceae varieties including 93 Australian canola, nine Indian mustard, and a single variety of Ethiopian mustard (B. carinata) under greenhouse conditions to identify host resistance to Alternaria leaf spot caused by A. japonica and A. brassicae in terms of disease incidence (percentage leaf disease incidence, %LDI), disease severity (percentage leaf area diseased, %LAD) and defoliation (percentage leaf collapse index, %LCI). Against A. japonica, across the three parameters, B. napus Surpass 404 CL was the most resistant (%LDI 7.5, %LAD 5.0, %LCI 0). Varieties Hyola 635 CC, Oscar, AG-Outback and Rottnest, with %LDI 15.6–19.4 and %LAD 12.5–15.6, also showed strong resistance, and with %LCI 10. Varieties 47C02, ATR-Signal and Clancy of B. napus showed a moderate level of resistance across %LDI (21.2–25.6) and %LAD (15.0–20.6), along with a low level of defoliation (%LCI 10). Varieties 46C03, 46C72, ATR-Cobbler and Granite TT of B. napus also showed a moderate level of resistance, with %LDI 23.1–28.7, %LAD 18.1–20.6 and %LCI 11.2–14.4. The significance of this resistance against A. japonica is highlighted by the severe disease on B. napus Thunder TT (%LDI 78.8, %LAD 72.5, %LCI 47.5). Against A. brassicae, all varieties showed susceptibility; however, B. napus ATR-Grace was the least susceptible in relation to disease incidence (%LDI 41.2) and severity (%LAD 36.2), and B. napus Hyola 450 TT the most susceptible (%LDI 90.0, %LAD 82.5). Variety Hurricane of B. napus was the least susceptible in terms of consequent defoliation (%LCI 11.2) and B. napus CBTM Tribune the most susceptible (%LCI 81.2). The B. carinata variety BCA 1 (ATC 95065) and all test B. juncea varieties showed susceptibility to both pathogens. These findings demonstrate high levels of resistance across Australian canola varieties against A. japonica that can be directly deployed where A. japonica is important and can be utilised by breeders for improving resistance in future varieties. By contrast, susceptibility across Australian canola and mustard varieties to A. brassicae is concerning, highlighting a need to locate suitable resistances and, until effective host resistance can be located, to develop and deploy cultural and chemical options.

Field reactions of maize varieties commonly grown in Australia to boil smut caused by Ustilago zeae

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
IK Nuberg ◽  
RN Allen ◽  
JM Colless ◽  
RE Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Insufficient Data ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Similar Classification

The reactions of 62 hybrid maize varieties and 24 inbred lines to infection by boil smut (Ustilago zeae) were studied in the field in the 1982-83 and 1983-84 seasons. Plants were artificially inoculated and the incidence of disease (DI) was assessed on the plant as a whole and at particular loci (ears, axillary buds above and below the ears, tassels and leaves). A disease severity rating (DSR) was developed based on the mass of galls at various loci relative to plant mass. Of the 86 hybrids and inbreds tested, inbred 25, with a high DI overall and severe disease at all infection loci, was the only variety found highly susceptible to disease. Nevertheless, significant (P < 0.05) differences in susceptibility were detected among other hybrids and inbreds. Thirty-six of the major hybrid varieties were classified by cluster analysis into those with low overall DI (20 hybrids averaging 1.4%), moderate DI (12 hybrids, 5.0%) or high DI (4 hybrids, 9.8%). Hybrids with high DI included GH128, GH390, QK694 and Hycorn 1. Two DSR classes were apparent, high (11.0) and low (6.1). No hybrid had both high DI and high DSR. The hybrids General and PX75 had moderate DI and high DSR, while 9 hybrids had high DSR with low DI. Insufficient data were available for a similar classification of the remaining 26 hybrids. Hybrid E368 had a high DI. Among 13 inbred lines, 12 occurred in a low DI class (average 2.3%) and one in a high DI class (A691N, 14.6%). Only one low DSR class was apparent. Insufficient data were available for a similar classification of the remaining I I inbreds, but GN7, HBc and 25 had high DI, while Y 1 had virtually no disease. Disease incidences at most of the infection loci were highly correlated within varieties, except between ear and tassel or leaf incidences, and leaf and tassel incidences, for which no correlation was apparent. No positive correlation could be found between husk cover of mature ears and boil smut incidence in the ears. Except for the locally selected inbred 25, hybrids and inbreds developed in Australia from old open pollinated varieties had about the same disease incidence and severity as material introduced from the U.S.A. over the last 20 years. An evaluation of screening methods indicated that whorl inoculation increased DI on average only from 0.8 to 2.2%. Disease incidence decreased progressively as sowing date was delayed from November to February.

scholarly journals Fusarium wilt biocontrol and tomato growth stimulation, using endophytic bacteria naturally associated with Solanum sodomaeum and S. bonariense plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania Aydi-Ben-Abdallah ◽  
Hayfa Jabnoun-Khiareddine ◽  
Mejda Daami-Remadi
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Tomato Growth

Abstract Background Fusarium wilt biocontrol using endophytic microorganisms may represent a potentially attractive and environmentally safe alternative since endophytes could better limit disease incidence and severity through inhibition of the systemic fungus progress. Main body of the abstract Twenty-three endophytic bacterial isolates, naturally associated with Solanum sodomaeum and Solanum bonariense, were evaluated for their ability to control Fusarium wilt of tomato induced by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) and to promote plant growth. Selected endophytic isolates were screened in vivo, using the root dipping and the culture substrate drenching methods. The most bioactive isolates were subjected to morphological and biochemical characterization and subsequent identification through 16S rDNA sequencing genes. Seven isolates (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia S23, S24, S26 and S28; Bacillus sp. SV81; Azotobacter chroococcum S11; and Serratia marcescens S14) were found to be the most efficient in reducing disease severity by 82–96% over control. Treatments with these isolates led to a significant enhancement in growth parameters, estimated at 45.5–61 and 24.2–70.5% than the control, in tomato plants infected or not with FOL, respectively. Diffusible and volatile metabolites released from bacterial cultures had significantly limited FOL radial growth. All isolates were positive for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. S. marcescens S14, S. maltophilia S28, and Bacillus sp. SV81 exhibited a positive phosphate solubilization activity. Production of chitinase, protease, pectinase, and hydrogen cyanide were also investigated. Short conclusion This study clearly demonstrated that endophytic bacteria recovered from these 2 Solanum species can be explored as promising biocontrol agents active against FOL and are able to enhance tomato growth.

scholarly journals Potential of non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum isolates for control of Fusarium wilt of tomato

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano C. da Silva ◽  
Wagner Bettiol
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Tomato Seedling ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Cultivation Substrate

This study was done to evaluate the efficiency of non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum isolates (141/3, 233, 233/1, 245, 245/1, 251, 251/2, 251/5, and 257) in controlling vascular wilt caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, race 2 (isolates C-21A, TO11, and TO245) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cv. Viradoro seedlings. In order to determine the effect of non-pathogenic F. oxysporum isolates in tomato plants, the root system of 30-day-old seedlings was immersed in conidial suspensions (10(6) ml-1) of each isolate and the seedlings were transplanted to a cultivation substrate. Thirty-five days after transplanting it was observed that the non-pathogenic F. oxysporum isolates were not pathogenic to the cv. Viradoro nor did they affect seedling development. The efficiency of the non-pathogenic F. oxysporum isolates in controlling Fusarium wilt was determined by immersing the tomato seedling roots in the conidial suspension (10(6) ml-1) of each isolate and then transplanting them into substrates previously infested with isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, race 2 (10(5) conidia ml-1 of substrate). Evaluations were performed 35 days after transplanting, for severity in scale with 1=healthy plant to 6=dead plant or plant showing vessel browning and wilted leaves up to the leader shoot and seedling height. The non-pathogenic F. oxysporum isolates were efficient in reducing the severity of the disease and maintaining normal plant development. These results provide evidence of the antagonistic activity of non-pathogenic F. oxysporum isolates in controlling vascular wilt caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 2 in tomato.

scholarly journals Effective Biomass Reduction of the Invasive Weed Species Banana Poka by Septoria Leaf Spot

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo E. Trujillo ◽  
Chris Kadooka ◽  
Victor Tanimoto ◽  
Steve Bergfeld ◽  
Glenn Shishido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Disease Epidemics ◽  
Biomass Reduction ◽  
Septoria Leaf Spot

Inoculations of Septoria passiflorae for biological control of banana poka (Passiflora tripartita var. tripartita) at different forest sites in Hawaii, Kauai, and Maui resulted in successful establishment of the Septoria leaf spot disease at all sites during 1996. Semi-annual monitoring of sites in 1997 revealed low disease incidence and no disease spread to adjacent non-inoculated plants. Site inspections in March 1998 revealed light disease epidemics causing visible defoliation at inoculated sites on Kauai and Maui. Banana poka biomass reduction at sites with light epidemics of the disease in Kauai and Maui were estimated to be less than 10% in 1998, whereas in 1999 biomass reduction ranged from 50 to 95%. Five of 11 inoculation sites in 1996 on the island of Hawaii showed no disease. These five sites on Kaloko had frequent acid rainfall averaging 3.2 pH, which inhibited spore germination and infection. Six sites, free of acid rain, three at Hilo Forest Reserve and three at Puuwaawaa Wildlife Sanctuary, had severe disease epidemics by 1998, and vine defoliation was >90%. Widespread epidemics of the disease occurred in 1999, resulting in estimated 80 to 95% biomass reductions in more than 2,000 hectares of native forest infested with banana poka.

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