scholarly journals Integrated Volatile Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analyses Reveal the Influence of Infection TuMV to Volatile Organic Compounds in Brassica rapa

Horticulturae ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Xinxin Lu ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Wenyue Huang ◽  
Shujiang Zhang ◽  
Shifan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Cell Enlargement ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Shoot Initiation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Transcriptome Analyses

Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), which is distributed almost all over the world and has a wide range of hosts, mainly brassica crops, was first described in Brassica rapa in the USA. Plant volatile compounds play an important role in the host searching behavior of natural enemies of herbivorous insects. In this study, TuMV-inoculated resistant and susceptible B. rapa lines were tested using volatile metabolome and transcriptome analyses. In volatile metabolome analysis, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were different after inoculation with TuMV in resistant B80124 and susceptible B80461, and the degree of downregulation of differentially expressed metabolites was more obvious than the degree of upregulation. Through transcriptome analysis, 70% of differentially expressed genes were in biological process, especially focusing on defense response, flavonoid biosynthetic process, and toxin metabolic process, which indicates that TuMV stress maybe accelerate the increase of VOCs. Integrating the metabolome and transcriptome analyses, after inoculating with TuMV, auxin regulation was upregulated, and ARF, IAA and GH3 were also upregulated, which accelerated cell enlargement and plant growth in tryptophan metabolism. The different genes in zeatin biosynthesis pathways were downregulated, which reduced cell division and shoot initiation. However, the metabolite pathways showed upregulation in brassinosteroid biosynthesis and α-linolenic acid metabolism, which could cause cell enlargement and a stress response. This study determined the difference in volatiles between normal plants and infected plants and may lay a foundation for anti-TuMV research in B. rapa.

scholarly journals Mapping Asian anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds to multiple chemical mechanisms

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 32649-32701 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Li ◽  
Q. Zhang ◽  
D. G. Streets ◽  
K. B. He ◽  
Y. F. Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Chemical Mechanisms ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Species Mapping ◽  
Multiple Chemical

Abstract. An accurate speciation mapping of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) emissions has an important impact on the performance of chemical transport models (CTMs) in simulating ozone mixing ratios and secondary organic aerosols. In this work, we developed an improved speciation framework to generate model-ready anthropogenic Asian NMVOC emissions for various gas-phase chemical mechanisms commonly used in CTMs by using an explicit assignment approach and updated NMVOC profiles, based on the total NMVOC emissions in the INTEX-B Asian inventory for the year 2006. NMVOC profiles were selected and aggregated from a wide range of new measurements and the SPECIATE database. To reduce potential uncertainty from individual measurements, composite profiles were developed by grouping and averaging source profiles from the same category. The fractions of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOC) were corrected during the compositing process for those profiles which used improper sampling and analyzing methods. Emissions of individual species were then lumped into species in different chemical mechanisms used in CTMs by applying mechanism-dependent species mapping tables, which overcomes the weakness of inaccurate mapping in previous studies. Gridded emissions for eight chemical mechanisms are developed at 30 min × 30 min resolution using various spatial proxies and are provided through the website: http://mic.greenresource.cn/intex-b2006. Emission estimates for individual NMVOC species differ between one and three orders of magnitude for some species when different sets of profiles are used, indicating that source profile is the most important source of uncertainties of individual species emissions. However, those differences are diminished in lumped species as a result of the lumping in the chemical mechanisms.

A wide range sensor of a 3D mesoporous silica coated QCM electrodes for the detection of volatile organic compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1731-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad M. Ayad ◽  
Nagy L. Torad ◽  
Islam M. Minisy ◽  
Raja Izriq ◽  
El-Zeiny M. Ebeid
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Range Sensor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Volatile Organic

Volatile organic compounds in barite-hosted fluid inclusions from the 3.5 Ga old Dresser Formation, Western Australia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Thiel ◽  
Jan-Peter Duda ◽  
Alfons M. van den Kerkhof ◽  
Joachim Reitner ◽  
Helge Mißbach
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Artefact Formation

<p>The c. 3.5 Ga Dresser Formation of the East Pilbara Craton (Western Australia) contains large amounts of blackish barite. These rocks produce an intense sulfidic odor when crushed, resulting from abundant primary fluid inclusions. In part, the black barites are interbedded with sulfidic stromatolites. Using Raman spectroscopy, microthermometry, and two different online GC–MS approaches, we characterized in detail the chemical composition of the barite-hosted fluid inclusions. Our GC–MS techniques were based on (i) thermodecrepitation at 150-250°C and (ii) solid phase microextraction (SPME)–GC–MS at reduced temperature (50°C), thereby minimizing external contamination and artefact formation. Major fluid inclusion classes yielded mainly H<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub>S in varying abundance, along with minor amounts of COS and  CS<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, and CH<sub>4</sub> (< 1%). Notably, we also detected a wide range of volatile organic compounds, including short–chain ketones and aldehydes, thiophenes, and various organic (poly)sulfides. Some of these compounds (CH<sub>3</sub>SH, acetic acid) have previously been invoked as initials agents for carbon fixation under primordial conditions, but up to now their presence had not been observed in Precambrian materials. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that hydrothermal seepage of organic and inorganic compounds during Dresser times provided both, catabolic and anabolic substrates for early microbial metabolisms.</p>

scholarly journals Revisiting benzene cluster cations for the chemical ionization of dimethyl sulfide and select volatile organic compounds

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 10121-10157 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Kim ◽  
M. C. Zoerb ◽  
N. R. Campbell ◽  
K. J. Zimmermann ◽  
B. W. Blomquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Chemical Ionization ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Select Group ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Volatile Organic

Abstract. Benzene cluster cations were revisited as a sensitive and selective reagent ion for the chemical ionization of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and a select group of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Laboratory characterization was performed using both a new set of compounds (i.e. DMS, β-caryophyllene) as well as previously studied VOCs (i.e., isoprene, α-pinene). Using a field deployable chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (CI-ToFMS), benzene cluster cations demonstrated high sensitivity (> 1 ncps ppt−1) to DMS, isoprene, and α-pinene standards. Parallel measurements conducted using a chemical-ionization quadrupole mass spectrometer, with a weaker electric field, demonstrated that ion-molecule reactions likely proceed through a combination of ligand-switching and direct charge transfer mechanisms. Laboratory tests suggest that benzene cluster cations may be suitable for the selective ionization of sesquiterpenes, where minimal fragmentation (< 25 %) was observed for the detection of β-caryophyllene, a bicyclic sesquiterpene. The field stability of benzene cluster cations using CI-ToFMS was examined in the marine boundary layer during the High Wind Gas Exchange Study (HiWinGS). The use of benzene cluster cation chemistry for the selective detection of DMS was validated against an atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer. Measurements from the two instruments were highly correlated (R2=0.80) over a wide range of sampling conditions.

scholarly journals Sampling Dynamics for Volatile Organic Compounds Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Arrow for Microbiological Samples

Separations ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Eckert ◽  
David Carter ◽  
Katelynn Perrault
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Agricultural Applications

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are monitored in numerous fields using several commercially-available sampling options. Sorbent-based sampling techniques, such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME), provide pre-concentration and focusing of VOCs prior to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. This study investigated the dynamics of SPME Arrow, which exhibits an increased sorbent phase volume and improved durability compared to traditional SPME fibers. A volatile reference mixture (VRM) and saturated alkanes mix (SAM) were used to investigate optimal parameters for microbiological VOC profiling in combination with GC–MS analysis. Fiber type, extraction time, desorption time, carryover, and reproducibility were characterized, in addition to a comparison with traditional SPME fibers. The developed method was then applied to longitudinal monitoring of Bacillus subtilis cultures, which represents a ubiquitous microbe in medical, forensic, and agricultural applications. The carbon wide range/polydimethylsiloxane (CWR/PDMS) fiber was found to be optimal for the range of expected VOCs in microbiological profiling, and a statistically significant increase in the majority of VOCs monitored was observed. B. subtilis cultures released a total of 25 VOCs of interest, across three different temporal trend categories (produced, consumed, and equilibrated). This work will assist in providing foundational data for the use of SPME Arrow in future microbiological applications.

Photo and electronic excitation for low temperature catalysis over metal nanoparticles using an organic semiconductor

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (88) ◽  
pp. 47488-47496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiran Zheng ◽  
Simon Jones ◽  
Xinlin Hong ◽  
Shik Chi Edman Tsang
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Semiconductor ◽  
Electronic Excitation ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Supported Metal Catalysts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Volatile Organic

Simple supported metal catalysts are active for the destruction of a wide range of hazardous chemicals of environmental concerns, including CO, N2O and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), in air at elevated temperatures.

scholarly journals Evaluating the performance of five different chemical ionization techniques for detecting gaseous oxygenated organic species

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 2403-2421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Riva ◽  
Pekka Rantala ◽  
Jordan E. Krechmer ◽  
Otso Peräkylä ◽  
Yanjun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Chemical Ionization ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Mass Spectrometers ◽  
Organic Species ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Volatile Organic

Abstract. The impact of aerosols on climate and air quality remains poorly understood due to multiple factors. One of the current limitations is the incomplete understanding of the contribution of oxygenated products, generated from the gas-phase oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), to aerosol formation. Indeed, atmospheric gaseous chemical processes yield thousands of (highly) oxygenated species, spanning a wide range of chemical formulas, functional groups and, consequently, volatilities. While recent mass spectrometric developments have allowed extensive on-line detection of a myriad of oxygenated organic species, playing a central role in atmospheric chemistry, the detailed quantification and characterization of this diverse group of compounds remains extremely challenging. To address this challenge, we evaluated the capability of current state-of-the-art mass spectrometers equipped with different chemical ionization sources to detect the oxidation products formed from α-Pinene ozonolysis under various conditions. Five different mass spectrometers were deployed simultaneously for a chamber study. Two chemical ionization atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometers (CI-APi-TOF) with nitrate and amine reagent ion chemistries and an iodide chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-CIMS) were used. Additionally, a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF 8000) and a new “vocus” PTR-TOF were also deployed. In the current study, we compared around 1000 different compounds between each of the five instruments, with the aim of determining which oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) the different methods were sensitive to and identifying regions where two or more instruments were able to detect species with similar molecular formulae. We utilized a large variability in conditions (including different VOCs, ozone, NOx and OH scavenger concentrations) in our newly constructed atmospheric simulation chamber for a comprehensive correlation analysis between all instruments. This analysis, combined with estimated concentrations for identified molecules in each instrument, yielded both expected and surprising results. As anticipated based on earlier studies, the PTR instruments were the only ones able to measure the precursor VOC, the iodide TOF-CIMS efficiently detected many semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) with three to five oxygen atoms, and the nitrate CI-APi-TOF was mainly sensitive to highly oxygenated organic (O > 5) molecules (HOMs). In addition, the vocus showed good agreement with the iodide TOF-CIMS for the SVOC, including a range of organonitrates. The amine CI-APi-TOF agreed well with the nitrate CI-APi-TOF for HOM dimers. However, the loadings in our experiments caused the amine reagent ion to be considerably depleted, causing nonlinear responses for monomers. This study explores and highlights both benefits and limitations of currently available chemical ionization mass spectrometry instrumentation for characterizing the wide variety of OVOCs in the atmosphere. While specifically shown for the case of α-Pinene ozonolysis, we expect our general findings to also be valid for a wide range of other VOC–oxidant systems. As discussed in this study, no single instrument configuration can be deemed better or worse than the others, as the optimal instrument for a particular study ultimately depends on the specific target of the study.

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