Effects of Hillslope Trenching on Surface Water Infiltration in Subalpine Forested Catchments

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Matthew C. LaFevor ◽  
Carlos E. Ramos-Scharrón
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Forested Catchments ◽  
Total Runoff

Concerns over freshwater scarcity for agriculture, ecosystems, and human consumption are driving the construction of infiltration trenches in many mountain protected areas. This study examines the effectiveness of infiltration trenches in a subalpine forested catchment in central Mexico, where public and private organizations have been constructing trenches for ~60 years. We rely on empirical data to develop rainfall-runoff models for two scenarios: a baseline (no trenches) and a trenched scenario. Field measurements of infiltration capacities in forested and trenched soils (n = 56) and two years of meteorological data are integrated into a semi-distributed runoff model of 28 trenched sub-catchments. Sensitivity analysis and hydrographs are used to evaluate differences in total runoff and infiltration between the two scenarios. Multiple logistic regression is used to evaluate the effects of environmental and management variables on the likelihood of runoff response and trench overtopping. The findings show that soil infiltration capacity and rainfall intensity are primary drivers of runoff and trench overtopping. However, trenches provided only a 1.2% increase in total infiltration over the two-year period. This marginal benefit is discussed in relation to the potential adverse environmental impacts of trench construction. Overall, our study finds that as a means of runoff harvesting in these forested catchments, trenches provide negligible infiltration benefits. As a result, this study cautions against further construction of infiltration trenches in forested catchments without careful ex ante assessment of rainfall-runoff relationships. The results of this study have important implications for forest water management in Mexico and elsewhere, where similar earthworks are employed to enhance runoff harvesting and surface water infiltration.

scholarly journals Response of melt water and rainfall runoff to climate change and their roles in controlling streamflow changes of the two upstream basins over the Tibetan Plateau

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueguan Zhang ◽  
Zhenchun Hao ◽  
Chong-Yu Xu ◽  
Xide Lai
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Total Runoff

Abstract Located in the Tibetan Plateau, the upstream regions of the Mekong River (UM) and the Salween River (US) are very sensitive to climate change. The ‘VIC-glacier‘ model, which links a degree-day glacier algorithm with variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model, was employed and the model parameters were calibrated on observed streamflow, glacier mass balance and MODIS snowcover data. Results indicate that: (1) glacier-melt runoff exhibits a significant increase in both areas by the Mann–Kendall test. Snowmelt runoff shows an increasing trend in the UM, while the US is characterized by a decreasing tendency. In the UM, the snowmelt runoff peak shifts from June in the baseline period 1964–1990 to May for both the 1990s and 2000s; (2) rainfall runoff was considered as the first dominant factor driving changes of river discharge, which could be responsible for over 84% in total runoff trend over the two regions. The glacial runoff illustrates the secondary influence on the total runoff tendency; (3) although the hydrological regime is rain dominated in these two basins, the glacier compensation effect in these regions is obvious, especially in dry years.

Storage-Infiltration Effect of Rainfall for Sunken Greenbelt in Urban Road

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 1216-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Zhu Zhang ◽  
Hui Min Li ◽  
Gui Fei Wei
Keyword(s):  
Influence Factors ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Recurrence Interval ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Design Program ◽  
Changchun City

In order to study the storage-infiltration effect of rainfall for sunken greenbelt in urban road, its storage-infiltration capacity of rainfall runoff was analyzed based on the rainfall balance equation of urban road in the time interval, and then the computational formulae of storage-infiltration rate was derived. Influence factors on storage-infiltration rate, such as design recurrence interval of rainfall, soil infiltration coefficient, greenbelt rate, and depth of sunken greenbelt, etc. were computed and analyzed by using the derived computational formulae with the rainfall intensity of Changchun city. Results show that: on the same condition, storage-infiltration rate of rainfall for sunken greenbelt in urban road increases linearly with the increase of soil infiltration coefficient, greenbelt rate, and depth of sunken greenbelt, and decreases with the increase of design recurrence interval of rainfall. Sunken greenbelt with depth of 0.05 ~ 0.25m can storage-infiltrate all of the rainfall that falls on the urban road when the greenbelt rate of urban road ranges from 20% to 40%. Eco-design program of sunken greenbelt in urban road is reasonable and feasible, and its storage-infiltration effect of rainfall is remarkable.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Infiltration Improvement and Surface Reduction Using Various Soil Conservation Techniques in Coffee Agroforestry Systems in Sumbermanjing Wetan

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Dina Ananda Harfia ◽  
Sugeng Prijono
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Coffee Agroforestry ◽  
Land Farming

The uneven distribution and intensity of rain cause a shortage and excess of water in dry land farming. It appears that the problem of soil conservation in principle is the regulation of the relationship between rainfall intensity, infiltration capacity, and runoff adjustment. To improve the physical properties of the soil, and the hydrological function of the land use it cannot only be stressed on the coffee plant. Other factors such as soil surface management, such as providing organic matter, covering the soil surface with understory plants, making absorption holes, terraces, waterways and so on, can improve the hydrological function of the land. Rainwater management can be carried out through controlling surface runoff, harvesting rainwater, increasing soil infiltration capacity, managing soil, controlling evaporation and seepage, lining waterways. The use of silt pit parallel is considered quite effective because it is able to produce the lowest surface runoff and sufficient water storage. Silt pit parallel can produce 0.6% of rainfall into surface runoff and also can store water as much as 62.35% of the rainfall that enters the plot. The functions of a silt pit are to increase water infiltration into the soil. On dry land, silt pit functions as a place for harvesting rainwater and surface runoff. Based on the correlation regression test, the amount of surface runoff is closely influenced by the intensity of rain or rainfall.

scholarly journals Struktur Komunitas Mesofauna Tanah dan Kapasitas Infiltrasi Air setelah diberi Perlakuan Biostarter Pengurai Bahan Organik

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latifah Fitria Andriani ◽  
Rully Rahadian ◽  
Mochamad Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Soil Mesofauna ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Research about the biostarter application on the biopori concept through parameter of soil mesofauna community structure and water infiltration capacity was aimed to investigate the effect of biostarter product on soil mesofauna community structure and water infiltration rate at Lubang Resapan Biopori (LRB) aged 30 days and 50 days, also the correlation between mesofauna community structure and soil infiltration capacity. This study uses a single factor completely randomized design, which has 5 treatments including control, EM4, Bioklin, Mig Dec, and Orgadec. The results showed that the addition of biostarter affects soil mesofauna community structure, particularly positive effect on the abundance of Oribatida and Mesostigmata. Products Orgadec was able to increase faster the abundance of mesofauna both at the age of LRB 30 days and 50 days, whereas Mig Dec and EM4 starting to show its influence on the LRB after 50 days. Infiltration rate LRB age of 30 days showed a significant difference in treatment of Orgadec only, whereas at the age of 50 days, the significant difference is indicated in the treatment EM4​​, Mig Dec and Orgadec. Based on the Spearman correlation test, the total number of individuals and number of Oribatida. Both showed significant positive correlation with the infiltration rate.   Keywords: biostarter, community structure, soil mesofauna, infiltration rate, LR

scholarly journals Interação Solo-Atmosfera e Processos de Inundação e Alagamento na Cidade de Goiânia-GO

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1891
Author(s):  
Gislaine Cristine Luiz ◽  
Patrícia De Araújo Romão
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Atmosphere Interaction ◽  
The City

Os processos do ciclo hidrológico respondem diretamente às modificações no uso do solo. A cidade de Goiânia tem apresentado aumento de inundações e de alagamentos, ao mesmo tempo em que o padrão das chuvas demostra diminuição dos dias com eventos pluviométricos e aumento da intensidade desses episódios. A pesquisa que ora se apresenta analisa as áreas sujeitas à inundação e alagamentos, correlacionando-as com o padrão dos episódios pluviais na cidade e às condições de infiltração do solo. Foram utilizados dados secundários obtidos junto ao 10º DISME/INMET, relativos à precipitação e, também informações de ocorrência de alagamentos e inundações concedidas pela Defesa Civil. As informações primárias consistiram na obtenção da duração e intensidade da chuva em cinco diferentes localidades da cidade; uso e ocupação do solo e; testes da capacidade de infiltração do solo de superfície, em 10 áreas distintas. Os episódios pluviais apresentaram em 24h intensidades entre 8,3 mm e 99,1 mm; intensidades em 10 minutos de 10,9 mm, 13,9 mm e 19,6 mm durante o período noturno e na madrugada; destaque para as intensidades entre 31,6 mm.h-1 e 76,6 mm.h-1, principalmente nas porções sul, norte e leste da cidade, também no período noturno. A capacidade de infiltração mensurada variou entre 0,012 mm/h e 373,25 mm/h, conforme uso e ocupação do solo.  As intensidades observadas superaram capacidade de infiltração, aumentando o escoamento superficial das águas pluviais por causa do alto índice de impermeabilização. Tal fato, associado a condições naturais de baixas declividades e extensos comprimento das rampas, de grande parte de Goiânia, tem favorecido o aumento da velocidade do escoamento superficial e a ocorrência de alagamentos e inundações. Soil-Atmosphere Interaction and Flooding Processes in Goiania-GO City A B S T R A C TThe processes of the hydrological cycle respond directly to changes in land use. The city of Goiânia presented an increase of flooding processes, while the pattern of rains shows a decrease of the days with pluviometric events and increase of the intensity of these episodes. The research presented here analyzes the areas subject to floods and overflow, correlating them with the pluviometric pattern in the city and soil infiltration capacity. Secondary data obtained from the 10ºDISME/INMET on precipitation were used, as well as information on the occurrence of flooding processes granted by the Civil Defense. The primary information consisted in obtaining the duration and the intensity of the rain in five different localities of the city; use and occupation; and water infiltration measures at the soil surface in 10 different areas. The precipitation episodes presented intensities of 24 hours between 8.3 mm and 99.1 mm; intensities in 10 minutes of 10.9 mm, 13.9 mm and 19.6 mm during the night period and dawn; The intensities between 31.6 mm.h-1 and 76.6 mm.h-1 are prominent, mainly in the south, north and east of the city. The measured infiltration capacity varied from 0.012 mm /h to 373.25 mm /h, depending on the use and occupation of the soil. The observed intensities exceed the capacity, increasing the surface runoff of the rainwater due to the high waterproofing index; the low slopes and the long length of the ramps. This fact favored the increase of the velocity of the upstream and downstream surface runoff, potentiating the occurrence of flooding processes.Keywords: Climatology, Precipitation, Flood, Natural Disasters, Social Security.

scholarly journals Effect of Various Compost Doses on the Soil Infiltration Capacity

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 849-858
Author(s):  
Barbora Badalíková ◽  
Jaroslava Bartlová
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Permanent Grassland ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Grassland Site ◽  
Positive Effect

In the years 2008–2012, the infiltration capacity was monitored in the different sites, viz. on the arable land and permanent grassland. In the permanent grassland site the soil was characterised as Leptic Cambisol, loamy sand with the depth of the top layer 0.20 m while on the arable land, it was classified as Eutric Cambisol, sandy loam with the maximum depth of the topsoil humus horizon 0. 40 m. Experimental variants with different doses of incorporated compost were as follows: Variant 1 –without compost incorporation, Variant 2 – compost incorporated in the dose of 80 t.ha−1, Variant 3 – compost incorporated in the dose of 150 t.ha−1. It was found out within the study period that the application of the higher compost doses showed a positive effect on infiltration rate in both localities. In Variant 3, the highest values of the water infiltration were recorded. It can be concluded that the highest dose of compost (150 t.ha−1) improved and accelerated both the infiltration and water holding capacity of soil for a longer period. With the exception of the year 2009, increased values of water infiltration were recorded on experimental plots with arable land than with permanent grassland. It was found also that after five years have not been marked differences between variants. It follows that the regular supply of organic matter is necessary, preferably after three years.

scholarly journals Runoff measurement and prediction for a watershed under natural vegetation in central Brazil

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Silva ◽  
C. A. S. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Average ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Total Runoff

This work aimed to measure and analyze total rainfall (P), rainfall intensity and five-day antecedent rainfall effects on runoff (R); to compare measured and simulated R values using the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number method (CN) for each rainfall event; and to establish average R/P ratios for observed R values. A one-year (07/01/96 to 06/30/97) rainfall-runoff data study was carried out in the Capetinga watershed (962.4 ha), located at the Federal District of Brazil, 47° 52' longitude West and 15° 52' latitude South. Soils of the watershed were predominantly covered by natural vegetation. Total rainfall and runoff for the period were 1,744 and 52.5 mm, respectively, providing R/P of 3% and suggesting that watershed physical characteristics favored water infiltration into the soil. A multivariate regression analysis for 31 main rainfall-runoff events totaling 781.9 and 51.0 mm, respectively, indicated that the amount of runoff was only dependent upon rainfall volume. Simulated values of total runoff were underestimated about 15% when using CN method and an area-weighted average of the CN based on published values. On the other hand, when average values of CN were calculated for the watershed, total runoff was overestimated about 39%, suggesting that CN method shoud be used with care in areas under natural vegetation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Soil Density on Infiltration Rate in The Urban Development Area of Padang

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Totoh Andayono
Keyword(s):  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Density Parameter ◽  
Public Facility ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
City Development ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
North East ◽  
Development Area

Majority of Padang City residents inhabitant the region along sea shore for residential, public facility and economic center together with all of supporting facilities. That region is seismic prone area, also potentially affected by tsunami hazard and flood.This circumstances pushed local authority of Padang City to develop urban residential area to the north, east and south side of this city (Koto Tangah, Kuranji, Pauh, Lubuk Kilangan and Bungus Teluk Kabung sub-district), which are used to be water infiltration area. The function`s shifting of this area cause the change of soil density. This condition potentially causethe alteration of rainfall infiltration in to the soil.This research was conducted at 15 locations in Dadok Tunggul Hitam area, Koto Tangah sub-district (9 locations in development area and 6 locations in original area condition). Double Ring Infiltrometer are used in this study to predict infiltration rate and Sandcone for measuring soil density.This study used Horton Model to analyze infiltration rate by quantify infiltration rate data(f), constant infiltration rate (fc) and initial infiltration rate (fo). Moreover, regression analysis were used to quantify infiltration rate in order to determine its effects to soil density parameter.The results show that for high density soil (valuegd = 1,00 gr/cm3 to 1,50 gr/cm3), final soil infiltration rate in average is 0,1 mm/minuteto 0,9 mm/minute. This condition can cause decreasingof rainfall`s runoff infiltration capacity. Meanwhile, for low density of soil (valuegd = 0,30 gr/cm3to 1,00 gr/cm3), the infiltration rate value relatively high with final infiltartion rate reached 0,22 mm/minute. This analysis demonstrated that soil density influence the infiltration rate, where 23,7 % of infiltration capacity in Padang City development area is influenced by soil density parameter (gd), and the rest is influenced by other parameters

Modelling the Effects of Acid Deposition: Estimation of Long-Term Water Quality Responses in Forested Catchments in Finland

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lepistö ◽  
P. G. Whitehead ◽  
C. Neal ◽  
B. J. Cosby
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Co2 Solubility ◽  
Forested Catchments ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
Magic Model

A modelling study has been undertaken to investigate long-term changes in surface water quality in two contrasting forested catchments; Yli-Knuutila, with high concentrations of base cations and sulphate, in southern Finland; and organically rich, acid Liuhapuro in eastern Finland. The MAGIC model is based on the assumption that certain chemical processes (anion retention, cation exchange, primary mineral weathering, aluminium dissolution and CO2 solubility) in catchment soils are likely keys to the responses of surface water quality to acidic deposition. The model was applied for the first time to an organically rich catchment with high quantities of humic substances. The historical reconstruction of water quality at Yli-Knuutila indicates that the catchment surface waters have lost about 90 μeq l−1 of alkalinity in 140 years, which is about 60% of their preacidification alkalinity. The model reproduces the declining pH levels of recent decades as indicated by paleoecological analysis. Stream acidity trends are investigated assuming two scenarios for future deposition. Assuming deposition rates are maintained in the future at 1984 levels, the model indicates that stream pH is likely to continue to decline below presently measured levels. A 50% reduction in deposition rates would likely result in an increase in pH and alkalinity of the stream, although not to estimated preacidification levels. Because of the high load of organic acids to the Liuhapuro stream it has been acid before atmospheric pollution; a decline of 0.2 pH-units was estimated with increasing leaching of base cations from the soil despite the partial pH buffering of the system by organic compounds.

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