Feasibility of the Bio-Mobilization of Rare Earth Elements from Bauxite Residual Red Mud

The present work was conducted to evaluate the bioleaching feasibility of red mud with Penicillium chrysogenum strain KBS3 in the presence of glucose, sawdust, and molasses as a substrate and in various leaching modes. The one-step bioleaching system involved 12 mM citric acid, 2.5 mM oxalic acid, 1.8 mM tartaric acid, and 1162 mM gluconic acid, with glucose as the substrate. The biogenic acid production in the two-step bioleaching system involved 15 mM, 1 mM, 0.5 mM, and 152 mM, respectively, and in the spent-medium bioleaching system, it was 63 mM, 29 mM, 23 mM, and 3 mM, respectively, using glucose as the substrate and a pulp density of 3%. The concomitant bio-mobilization of rare earths investigated under different modes were observed to be: 79% Y, 28% La, and 28% Ce in one-step (mode 1) bioleaching; 63% Y, and 28% both La and Ce in the spent-medium (mode 2) bioleaching; and 67% Y, 20% La, and 15% Ce in a two-step (mode 3) bioleaching. On the other hand, the bio-mobilization of rare eaths with molasses as the substrate was found to be: 57% Y, 13.5% La, and 12.7% Ce in mode 4 bioleaching; 57% Y, 14% La, and 12% Ce in mode 5 bioleaching; and 49% Y, 6.3% La, and 2.9% Ce in mode 6 bioleaching of the red mud. Insignificant results were observed using sawdust as the substrate.

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Kingdom Sayings and Parables of Jesus in the Apocryphon of James: Tradition and Redaction

New Testament Studies ◽

10.1017/s0028688500011085 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 1-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Charles W. Hedrick

Keyword(s):

New Testament ◽

Stabilité de la récurrence nulle pour certaines chaines de Markov perturbées

Journal of Applied Probability ◽

10.2307/3213886 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 482-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. Cocozza-Thivent ◽

C. Kipnis ◽

M. Roussignol

Keyword(s):

Markov Chain ◽

Markov Chains ◽

Transition Probability ◽

The Other ◽

Barrier Functions ◽

One Step ◽

Null Recurrence ◽

Step Transition ◽

The One ◽

Taylor's Formula

We investigate how the property of null-recurrence is preserved for Markov chains under a perturbation of the transition probability. After recalling some useful criteria in terms of the one-step transition nucleus we present two methods to determine barrier functions, one in terms of taboo potentials for the unperturbed Markov chain, and the other based on Taylor's formula.

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O verbo do Direito Liberal

Revista da Faculdade de Direito ◽

10.22456/0104-6594.89333 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (39) ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Petit

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

One Step ◽

Long Life ◽

The One

RESUMODe uma parte temos o livro, depósito do saber, fruto da instrução e ainda de excelente conteúdo, porém a um passo do esquecimento; de outra parte, a palavra, forma imprescindível da substância posta por escrito, injeção de poder no saber livresco e, com isso, única garantia de longa vida. De modo que a palavra é poder e goza de duração; o escrito, coisificado inclusive como livro, sem a palavra se mostra volátil e impotente.PALAVRAS-CHAVEVerbo do Direito Liberal. Livro. Palavra. Orador.RESUMENPor una parte tenemos el libro, depósito de saber, fruto de la instrucción y aun de contenido excelente, mas con todo a un paso del olvido; por otra parte, la palabra, forma imprescindible de la sustancia puesta por escrito, inyección de poder en el saber libresco y con ello única garantía de larga vida. De manera que la palabra es poder y goza de duración; el escrito, cosificado incluso como libro, sin la palabra se demuestra volátil e impotente. PALABRAS CLAVELiberal Law verb. Book. Word. Speaker.ABSTRACTOn the one side we have the book, the deposit of knowledge, the fruit of instruction and still of excellent content, but it's one step from being forgotten; on the other side, the word, indispensable form of written substance, an injection of power into the bookish knowledge, and thus the only guarantee of long life. So the word is power and enjoys duration; the writing, even objectified as a book, without the word is volatile and impotent.KEYWORDSLiberal Law verb. Book. Word. Speaker.

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Network Based Fusion of Global and Local Information in Time Series Prediction with the Use of Soft-Computing Techniques

Intelligent Soft Computation and Evolving Data Mining ◽

10.4018/978-1-61520-757-2.ch009 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 176-196

Author(s):

Shun-Feng Su ◽

Sou-Horng Li

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Time Series Prediction ◽

The Other ◽

Good Prediction ◽

Model Free ◽

Local Prediction ◽

Other Hand ◽

Prediction Scheme ◽

One Step ◽

The One

Forecasting data from a time series is to make predictions for the future from available data. Thus, such a problem can be viewed as a traditional data mining problem because it is to extract rules for prediction from available data. There are two kinds of forecasting approaches. Most traditional forecasting approaches are based on all available data including the nearest data and far away data with respect to the time. These approaches are referred to as the global prediction scheme in our study. On the other hand, there also exist some prediction approaches that only construct their prediction model based on the most recent data. Such approaches are referred to as the local prediction schemes. Those local prediction approaches seem to have good prediction ability in some cases but due to their local characteristics, they usually fail in general for long term prediction. In this chapter, the authors shall detail those ideas and use several commonly used models, especially those model free estimators, such as neural networks, fuzzy systems, grey systems, etc., to explain their effects. Another issues discussed in the chapter is about multi-step predictions. From the author’s study, it can be found that those often-used global prediction schemes can have fair performance in both one-step-ahead predictions and multi-step predictions. On the other hand, good local prediction schemes can have better performance in the one-step-ahead prediction when compared to those global prediction schemes, but usually have awful performance for multi-step predictions. In this chapter, the authors shall introduce several approaches of combining local and global prediction results to improve the prediction performance.

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A Three-Step Method for Estimating the Mixing Height Using Ceilometer Data from the Helsinki Testbed

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology ◽

10.1175/jamc-d-12-058.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 51 (12) ◽

pp. 2172-2187 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Noora Eresmaa ◽

Jari Härkönen ◽

Sylvain M. Joffre ◽

David M. Schultz ◽

Ari Karppinen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Boundary Layer ◽

Vertical Profile ◽

The Other ◽

Vertical Profiles ◽

Backscattering Coefficient ◽

Mixing Height ◽

Step Method ◽

Profile Method ◽

One Step ◽

The One

AbstractA new three-step idealized-profile method to estimate the mixing height from vertical profiles of ceilometer backscattering coefficient is developed to address the weaknesses found with such estimates that are based on the one-step idealized-profile method. This three-step idealized-profile method fits the backscattering coefficient profile of ceilometer measurements into an idealized scaled vertical profile of three error functions, thus having the potential to determine three aerosol layers (one for the surface layer, one for the mixing height, and one for the artificial layer caused by the weakened signal). This three-step idealized-profile method is tested with ceilometer and radiosounding data collected during the Helsinki Testbed campaign (2 January 2006–13 March 2007). Excluding cases with low aerosol concentration in the boundary layer, cases with clouds present, and cases with precipitation present, the resulting dataset consists of 97 simultaneous backscattering coefficient profiles and radiosoundings. The three-step method is compared with the one-step method and other commonly employed algorithms. A strong correlation (correlation coefficient r = 0.91) between the mixing heights as determined by the three-step method using ceilometer data and those determined from radiosoundings is an improvement over the same correlation using the one-step method (r = 0.28), as well as the other algorithms.

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Experiments on the gas voltaic battery, with a view of ascertaining the rationale of its action and on its application to eudiometry

Abstracts of the Papers Printed in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London ◽

10.1098/rspl.1837.0234 ◽

1843 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 463-465

Keyword(s):

Oxalic Acid ◽

Sulphuric Acid ◽

Carbonic Acid ◽

The Other ◽

Philosophical Magazine ◽

Faraday’S Law ◽

New Apparatus ◽

Series Of Experiments ◽

The One ◽

Decomposition Of Water

The author, referring to a paper published in the Philosophical Magazine for December 1842, giving an account of a voltaic battery of which the active ingredients are gases, and by which the decomposition of water is effected by means of its composition, describes several variations in the form of the apparatus recorded in that paper. The experiments he has made with this new apparatus, and the details of which occupy the greater part of the present memoir, he conceives establish the conclusion that the phenomena exhibited in the gaseous battery are in strict conformity with Faraday’s law of definite electrolysis. They also confirm him in the opinion which he had expressed in his original paper, and which had been controverted by Dr. Schœnbein, in a communication to the Philosophical Magazine for March 1843, as well as by other philosophers, namely, that the oxygen, in that battery, immediately contributes to the production of the voltaic current. Besides employing as the active agents oxygen and hydrogen gases, he extends his experiments to the following combinations: namely, Oxygen and peroxide of nitrogen; Oxygen and protoxide of nitrogen; Oxygen and olefiant gas; Oxygen and carbonic oxide; Oxygen and chlorine; Chlorine and dilute sulphuric acid; Chlorine and solutions of bromine and iodine in alternate tubes; Chlorine and hydrogen; Hydrogen and carbonic oxide; Chlorine and olefiant gas; Oxygen and binoxide of nitrogen; Oxygen and nitrogen, with solution of sulphate of ammonia; Carbonic acid and carbonic oxide, with oxalic acid as an electrolyte; Hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulphate of ammonia. The author concludes, on reviewing the whole of this series of experiments, that, with the exception, perhaps, of olefiant gas, which appears to give rise to an extremely feeble current, chlorine and oxygen, on the one hand, and hydrogen and carbonic oxide, on the other, are the only gases which are decidedly capable of electro-synthetically combining so as to produce a voltaic current. He thinks that the vapours of bromine and of iodine, were they less soluble, would probably also be found efficient as electro-negative gases.

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MNDO and DFT Computational Study on the Mechanism of the Oxidation of 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine by Iodine

ISRN Physical Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2014/592850 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gideon A. Shallangwa ◽

Adamu Uzairu ◽

Victor O. Ajibola ◽

Hamza Abba

Keyword(s):

Reaction Mechanisms ◽

Density Functional ◽

Computational Study ◽

The Other ◽

Complex Mechanism ◽

Functional Theory ◽

One Step ◽

The One ◽

Activated Complex ◽

Step Mechanism

The reaction mechanisms of the oxidation of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine by iodine have been examined using semiempirical and density functional theory methods, the oxidation proceeded via two independent pathways that can be separately monitored. One pathway involved the chain multistep mechanism. The other pathway occurred via a one-step mechanism in which a “cyclic” activated complex was formed which on disproportionation gave the products. The one-step “cyclic” activated complex mechanism proceeds more rapidly than the chain multistep mechanism. The results were explained by analyses based on computational energetics of the optimised reactants, intermediates, transition states, and products of the reaction of iodine with 1,2-diphenylhydrazine.

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Mechanical Behavior of Aged Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al Alloy

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.378.82 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 378 ◽

pp. 82-86

Author(s):

Ying Kai Chou ◽

Leu Wen Tsay ◽

Ying Chiao Wang ◽

Chun Chen

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Mechanical Behavior ◽

Aging Treatment ◽

The Other ◽

Second Step ◽

Minor Effect ◽

One Step ◽

Notched Tensile Strength ◽

The One ◽

A Minor

The effect of aging treatments on the mechanical behavior of Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al (Ti153) alloy was evaluated in the present study. Properties of the two-step aged specimens were also compared with those of the one-step aged specimens. The second aging treatment, which was performed at 426o°C for 24 h, apparently raised the tensile strength at the expense of the notched tensile strength for the specimens previously aged at 426°C or below. On the other hand, the second-step aging had a minor effect on further hardening of the specimens prior to aging at 538°C and 593°C. In general, theJ-integral value (fracture toughness) had the same trend as that of the notch brittleness of the specimens. Overall, the specimens subjected to the two-step aging treatment did not show any advantage over the specimens subject to one-step aging treatment.

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Effect of Red Mud on Mechanical Properties of Loess–Containing Aluminosilicate Based Cementitious Materials

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.155 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 610-613 ◽

pp. 155-160

Author(s):

Jian Hua Wan ◽

Heng Hu Sun ◽

Ying Ying Wang ◽

Chao Li

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Red Mud ◽

Cementitious Materials ◽

Cementitious Material ◽

The Other ◽

Term Strength ◽

Other Hand ◽

Early Strength ◽

The One

The effect of the thermal treated red mud on mechanical properties of loess –containing aluminosilicate based cementitious materials is investigated. And the characteristic of hydration production is tested using XRD, SEM and EDAX methods. The results show that the thermal treated red mud not only has excellent cementitious properties but also can improve the mechanical properties of loess –containing aluminosilicate based cementitious materials. Moreover when the content of red mud is 5%, the improved effect is optimal. On the one hand, the alkaline ingredients of red mud can promote abundant ettringites to produce at early ages. And the ettringites contribute to early strength of the cementitious material. On the other hand, the content of red mud is too high to improve the long-term strength.

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The skeletal phenotype of some mouse chimaeras

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.1972.0063 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 182 (1066) ◽

pp. 9-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Keyword(s):

Cell Lineage ◽

The Other ◽

Cell Populations ◽

Skeletal Phenotype ◽

One Step ◽

The One ◽

The Right ◽

Two Sides

A study has been made of the skeletons of mouse chimaeras produced by fusion of embryos homozygous for the autosomal genes for short-ear ( se ) and vestigial-tail ( vt ) on the one hand and for their normal alleles on the other. They behave essentially like + / se and + / vt heterozygotes though with increased variance, and where the reduction in size of blastemata is great enough, the same threshold mechanisms operate as in se/se and vt/vt . The phenotype of these chimaeras is thus one step removed from the underlying tissue patchwork due to cell lineage which is almost completely concealed. However, greater differences exist between corresponding structures on the right and left in chimaeras than in the component strains, presumably because of inequalities of the distribution of the two cell populations to the two sides.

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