scholarly journals Gender Differences in Geriatric Depressive Symptoms in Rural China: The Role of Physical Housing Environments and Living Arrangements

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingwang Fang ◽  
Jinfeng Chen ◽  
Ling Guo ◽  
Xiao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Housing Environment ◽  
Nationally Representative

Physical housing environment and living arrangements are significant determinants of health, particularly in developing countries, although results are mixed. We conducted this study to examine the gender differences in geriatric depressive symptoms in rural China, and further explored the influence of housing environments and living arrangements on depressive symptoms. The data used for this study were from the third wave of the nationally representative China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) survey in 2015; a total of 2056 females and 2529 males were included in this study. According to the analysis findings, 46.15% of the respondents had depressive symptoms based on the CES-D, with a statistically significant gender difference of 54.32% in females and 39.50% in males. Logistic Regression findings identified that with regard to the items of physical housing environments, toilets without seats (OR = 1.349) and the unavailability of bathing facilities (OR = 1.469) were statistically associated with depressive symptoms among male participants, whereas for female participants the use of polluting fuels (OR = 1.248) and living arrangements (i.e., living with children, OR = 1.430) was statistically associated with depressive symptoms. Statistically significant gender differences were found for having shower or bath facilities and our findings underscored that physical housing environments and living arrangements were associated with depressive symptoms for both genders. Moreover, the study revealed that a slight gender difference exists in terms of geriatric depression in rural China. Females are more likely to become depressed than their male counterparts with the same characteristics.

Facing “Double Jeopardy”? Depressive Symptoms in Left-Behind Elderly in Rural China

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1182-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Song
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Traditional Patterns ◽  
Poverty Levels

Objective: When examining the depressive symptoms of left-behind elderly, this article goes beyond a focus on disruption to traditional patterns of living arrangements and investigates the heterogeneities in the patterns of migration distance, as well as the role of community contexts in buffering the loss of migrant children’s support. Method: This study uses the first wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey, and employs random effects multi-level modeling. Results: Having migrant children is associated with increased depressive symptoms among older adults, above and beyond living arrangements. Having their migrant children all live outside the province further puts older adults in disadvantaged mental conditions. This disadvantage can be further compounded by residence in impoverished communities. Discussion: In assessing depression among rural older adults in China, examination of living arrangements may be insufficient. It may be necessary to reference to children’s migration status as well as community poverty levels.

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN REMITTANCE BEHAVIOR: EVIDENCE FROM VIETNAM

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (02) ◽  
pp. 215-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOKO NIIMI ◽  
BARRY REILLY
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Tobit Models ◽  
Remittance Behavior

This paper investigates the role of gender in remittance behavior among migrants using the 2004 Vietnam Migration Survey data. The gender dimension to remittance behavior has not featured strongly in the existing literature and our findings thus contain novel appeal. In addition, we use estimates from both homoscedastic and heteroscedastic tobit models to decompose the raw gender difference in remittances into treatment and endowment components. We find little evidence that gender differences in remittances are attributable to behavioral differences between men and women, and this finding is invariant to whether the homoscedastic or heteroscedastic tobit is used in estimation.

The Living Arrangements of Older Residents: The Role of Gender, Marital Status, Age, and Family Size

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Connidis ◽  
Judith Rempel
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Respondent Characteristic

ABSTRACTThis paper reports findings from a study of 400 community-dwelling persons aged 65 and over. The stratified random sample resides in a city in Ontario, Canada, with a population of 260,000. A profile of their living arrangements is presented and then analysed with respect to respondent characteristics. Each of gender, marital status, and age are related to living arrangements at statistically significant levels, but control analyses indicate that gender is the most salient respondent characteristic. The authors argue that these observed gender differences in living arrangements are a reflection of sex role differences in today's older population. To the extent that these roles change, so too will the living arrangements of men and women. For both the present and future, differences by gender must be taken into account in housing and income policies.

scholarly journals Gender Differences, Risk Attitude and Entrepreneurship in Kyrgyzstan

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raziya Abdiyeva ◽  
Burulcha Sulaimanova ◽  
Kamalbek Karymshakov
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Agricultural Entrepreneurship ◽  
Positive Effect

This study analyses the role of risk attitude for entrepreneurship by gender differences in Kyrgyzstan. Multinomial probit analysis is applied to the data set drawn from the nationally representative survey “Life in Kyrgyzstan” for 2011. Entrepreneurship is measured through the agricultural and non-agricultural sample. Results of the study show that more risk taking preferences are associated with higher entrepreneurship probability. However, this effect is not persistent for women in further estimations for non-agricultural entrepreneurship sample, while for men higher positive effect of risk loving behavior remains in off-farm self-employment too.

scholarly journals Loneliness Among Chinese Older Adults: The Role of Grandparenthood and Grandparental Childcare by Gender

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110419
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Tineke Fokkema ◽  
Bruno Arpino
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Active Aging ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Lower Likelihood ◽  
Grandparental Childcare ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the influence of grandparenthood and grandparental childcare on loneliness among Chinese older adults. Using longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of 9240 individuals from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we applied logistic regression to examine the relationship between various grandparental statuses and loneliness with a focus on gender. The grandparental role is a protective factor for loneliness. Providing care to grandchildren was associated with a lower likelihood of feeling lonely for both genders. Among grandmothers, the benefit of providing childcare is less when it is occasional. Among grandfathers, the benefit is less when it is regular and intensive. Regarding transitions in grandparental status, gender differences were only observed among those who recently entered the caregiving role. Given the increasing reliance on grandparents for childcare in China, this engagement in active aging is beneficial for older adults in reducing loneliness.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in the Impact of Intergenerational Support on Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungwon Choi ◽  
Gyeong-Suk Jeon ◽  
Kwang-Sim Jang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intergenerational Support ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exchange Patterns

Background: This study examined the relationship between intergenerational support patterns and depressive symptoms among older men and women in Korea. Methods: A nationally representative survey of non-institutionalized, community-dwelling older adults in Korea was used. A total of 7531 older adults (3592 men and 3939 women) was included in the analysis. Results: We observed gender differences in the impact of financial support exchanges on depressive symptoms. A lack of mutual financial support significantly increased the risk of depressive symptoms by 3.83 times (95% CI 2.34–6.24) in men and 1.73 times (95% CI 1.06–2.83) in women. Men who received financial support were more likely to experience depressive symptoms (OR (Odds Ratio), 1.81, 95% CI 1.36–2.42), whereas women who provided financial support were more likely to experience depressive symptoms (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.21–6.56). The lack of an exchange of emotional support was significantly associated with depressive symptoms in both men (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.17–1.90) and women (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.50–2.34). Conclusions: We discuss the evidence of gender differences in intergenerational support exchange patterns and their impact on depressive symptoms within the context of Korean cultures and suggest that future research should be conducted on gender differences in the impact of intergenerational support on mental health across diverse societies.

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