scholarly journals Changes in Child Nutrition in India: A Decomposition Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Nie ◽  
Anu Rammohan ◽  
Wencke Gwozdz ◽  
Alfonso Sousa-Poza
Keyword(s):  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Decomposition Approach ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Maternal Autonomy

Background: Improvements in child health are a key indicator of progress towards the third goal of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. Poor nutritional outcomes of Indian children are occurring in the context of high economic growth rates. The aim of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the demographic and socio-economic factors contributing to changes in the nutritional status of children aged 0–5 years in India using data from the 2004–2005 and 2011–2012 Indian Human Development Survey. Methods: To identify how much the different socio-economic conditions of households contribute to the changes observed in stunting, underweight and the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF), we employ both linear and non-linear decompositions, as well as the unconditional quantile technique. Results: We find the incidence of stunting and underweight dropping by 7 and 6 percentage points, respectively. Much of this remarkable improvement is encountered in the Central and Western regions. A household’s economic situation, as well as maternal body mass index and education, account for much of the change in child nutrition. The same holds for CIAF in the non-linear decomposition. Although higher maternal autonomy is associated with a decrease in stunting and underweight, the contribution of maternal autonomy to improvements is relatively small. Conclusions: Household wealth consistently makes the largest contribution to improvements in undernutrition. Nevertheless, maternal autonomy and education also play a relatively important role.

Child Undernutrition in the States of India: An Analysis Based on Change in Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure from 2006 to 2016

2021 ◽  
pp. 097226612110103
Author(s):  
J. R. Jith ◽  
Rajshree Bedamatta
Keyword(s):  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Low Weight

Stunting, wasting and underweight—the three traditional indicators of undernourishment among children—provide mutually non-exclusive categories of anthropometric failures: low height for age, low weight for height and low weight for age. Although these indicators are essential for designing specific clinical and child nutrition policy interventions, they fall short of estimating the prevalence of overall anthropometric failure, which provides a sense of the scale of the nutrition problem. This article estimates the alternative, more comprehensive measure Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) for Indian states, based on data from the National Family Health surveys of 2006 and 2016, for children under five years (Ch–U5). The CIAF-based undernutrition estimates show significantly high anthropometric failure levels among Indian children compared to only stunting, wasting and underweight. Based on population projections for Ch–U5, we also show that a sizeable number of states may have seen an increase in child undernutrition between 2006 and 2016. We also correlated CIAF with household wealth index scores and found a positive relationship with children facing no anthropometric failure.

scholarly journals Bivariate binary analysis on composite index of anthropometric failure of under-five children and household wealth-index

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Demeke Lakew Workie ◽  
Lijalem Melie Tesfaw
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Study Results

Abstract Background Malnutrition is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity of children in low and middle income countries including Ethiopia and household wealth index shares the highest contribution. Thus, in this study it is aimed to conduct bivariate binary logistic regression analysis by accounting the possible dependency of child composite index anthropometric failure and household wealth index. Methods In this study the data from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 involved 9411 under five children was considered. Child Composite Index Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) measures the aggregate child undernourished derived from the conventional anthropometric indices (stunting, underweight and wasting). The correlation between CIAF and wealth index was checked and significant correlation found. To address the dependency between the two outcome variables bivariate binary logistic regression was used to analyze the determinants of child CAIF and household wealth index jointly. Results Study results show that region, place of residence, religion, education level of women and husband/partner, sex of child, source of drinking water, household size and number of under five children in the household, mothers body mass index, multiple birth and anemia level of child had significant association with child CIAF. Female children were 0.82 times less likely to be CIAF compared to male and multiple birth children were more likely to be CIAF compared to single birth. Children from Oromia, Somalie, Gambela, SNNPR, Harari and Addis Ababa region were 0.6, 0.56, 0.67, 0.52, 0.6 and 0.44 times less likely to be CIAF compared to Tigray. A household from rural area were 15.49 times more likely poor compared to a household. The estimated odds of children whose mothers attended primary, and secondary and higher education was 0.82, and 0.52 times respectively the estimated odds of children from mothers who had never attended formal education. Conclusion The prevalence of children with composite index anthropometric failure was high and closely tied with the household wealth index. Among the determinants, region, religion, family education level, and anemia level of child were statistically significant determinants of both CIAF and household wealth index. Thus, the authors recommend to concerned bodies and policymakers work on household wealth index to reduce the prevalence of child composite anthropometric failure.

scholarly journals A community-based cross-sectional study on the nutritional status of children less than 5 years of age using Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure in a semi-urban area of northern Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL2) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Anuhya B ◽  
Nisha B ◽  
Ruma Dutta ◽  
Timsi Jain
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Malnutrition among under-five children is a major public health problem all around the world. About more than 30% of the malnutrition world-wide is prevalent in southern Asia, a significant proportion of which is contributed by India. It is well known that malnutrition is frequently a part of a vicious cycle that includes poverty and infections, which can last a life-time and may also affect the next generations. This study aims to assess the nutritional status of children less than 5 years in a semi-urban area of Tamil Nadu using a composite index of anthropometric failure. A cross-sectional community-based study was undertaken among 168 children and anthropometric measurements were taken. Using conventional Z score indicators, 22.62% of the children were found to be stunted, 43.45% of the children were underweight and wasting was found in 45.83% of the children. Whereas using CIAF, the results were found to be 38.69% (no failure), 11.90% (Only wasting), 23.21% (Wasting and underweight), 11.31% (Wasting, underweight and Stunting), 6.55% (Stunting and underweight) 5.36% (Only stunting) and 2.98% (Only underweight). There was an unacceptably high prevalence of malnutrition among under-five children. Therefore, using CIAF showed better classification of undernutrition than conventional indicators. Also, health institutions at all levels should integrate nutrition as a health component and there is a need to educate the parents to provide age-appropriate energy-rich, locally available and nutritionally balanced food items. Accelerating the reduction in under-5 mortality is possible by expanding effective preventive and curative interventions that target the main causes of undernutrition. This will, in the long run, help in making this nation healthier, stronger, and more prosperous.

scholarly journals The burden of anthropometric failure and child mortality in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaid Khan ◽  
Sumit Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
District Level ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality

AbstractThe public health burden of nutritional deficiency and child mortality is the major challenge India is facing upfront. In this context, using National Family Health Survey, 2015–16 data, this study estimated rate of composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) among Indian children by their population characteristics, across states and examined the multilevel contextual determinants. We further investigated district level burden of infant and child mortality in terms of multiple anthropometric failure prevalence across India. The multilevel analysis confirms a significant state, district and PSU level variation in the prevalence of anthropometric failures. Factors like- place of residence, household’s economic wellbeing, mother’s educational attainment, age, immunization status and drinking water significantly determine the different forms of multiple anthropometric failures. Wealth status of the household and mother’s educational status show a clear gradient in terms of the estimated odds ratios. The district level estimation of infant and child mortality demonstrates that districts with higher burden of multiple anthropometric failures show elevated risk of infant and child mortality. Unlike previous studies, this study does not use the conventional indices, instead considered the CIAF to identify the exact and severe form of undernutrition among Indian children and the associated nexus with infant and child mortality at the district level.

scholarly journals Trends and determinants of undernutrition among young Kenyan children: Kenya Demographic and Health Survey; 1993, 1998, 2003 and 2008–2009

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1715-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peninah K Masibo ◽  
Donald Makoka
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Percentage Points

AbstractObjectiveTo report on the trends and determinants of undernutrition among children <5 years old in Kenya.DesignData from four nationwide Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys, conducted in 1993, 1998, 2003 and 2008–2009, were analysed. The Demographic and Health Survey utilizes a multistage stratified sampling technique.SettingNationwide covering rural and urban areas in Kenya.SubjectsThe analysis included 4757, 4433, 4892 and 4958 Kenyan children aged <5 years in 1993, 1998, 2003 and 2009–2009, respectively.ResultsThe prevalence of stunting decreased by 4·6 percentage points from 39·9 % in 1993 to 35·3 % in 2008–2009, while underweight decreased by 2·7 percentage points from 18·7 % in 1993 to 16·0 % in 2008–2009. The effects of household wealth, maternal education and current maternal nutritional status on child nutrition outcomes have changed dynamically in more recent years in Kenya. Inadequate hygiene facilities increased the likelihood of chronic undernutrition in at least three of the surveys. Small size of the child at birth, childhood diarrhoea and male gender increased the likelihood of undernutrition in at least three of the surveys. Childhood undernutrition occurred concurrently with maternal overnutrition in some households.ConclusionsThe analysis reveals a slow decline of undernutrition among young children in Kenya over the last three decades. However, stunting and underweight still remain of public health significance. There is evidence of an emerging trend of a malnutrition double burden demonstrated by stunted and underweight children whose mothers are overweight.

Does Maternal Autonomy Influence Child Nutrition in Rural Nigeria?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
K. K. Salman ◽  
M. B. Salawu ◽  
O. A. Oni ◽  
O. Obi-Egbedi
Keyword(s):  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Rural Nigeria ◽  
Maternal Autonomy

Maternal autonomy and child nutrition

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Dancer ◽  
Anu Rammohan
Keyword(s):  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Maternal Autonomy

scholarly journals Hubungan Riwayat Imunisasi dengan Status Gizi Balita

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Siti Nurhasiyah Jamil ◽  
Aning Subiyatin
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Relationship Of

The toddler period is a period that must be observed property, at this time the direction of child development will be determined for the next period. The purpose of this study was to study the immunization status of nutritional status in infants. The research design used was cross-sectional in the work area of Johar Baru Health Center, Jakarta Pusat, which was conducted from April–June 2019. The population of all children aged 6-59 months, while the study sample was infants with stunting of 105 respondents, which is data child nutrition in Health Center. Data processing and analysis using SPSS with Chi-Square statistical test, the confidence level of 95%. The results of variables related to the nutritional status of children under five are the relationship of immunization P value (0.004 OR and CI (0.173 (0.051-0.59). The conclusion of the variable related to the nutritional status of under-five children is immunization.

scholarly journals Education of Household Members and Nutritional Status of Children in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Halima Akhter ◽  
M Ershadul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Child Malnutrition ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Literacy Level ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age ◽  
Parents Education

Malnutrition is the burning question all over the world’s public health. Bangladesh is one of those countries where level of malnutrition of infant and child is very serious and many problems that results from malnutrition in Bangladesh. The aim of this study is to substantiate whether there exists any influence of parents’ education for child nutrition as well as to find out the potential effects of non-parental household member’s literacy level on child malnutrition. In this study we have found that parents’ education is an important factor for child nutrition. Also other household members’ education has significant impact on stunting (height for age) and underweight (weight for age). The results of this study focus the policies that encourage participation in schools and higher education program as well as improve economic condition of the households to dilute child malnutrition in Bangladesh. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 66(1): 1-7, 2018 (January)

scholarly journals Effect of Soybean Utilisation on Child Nutrition in Chikun LGA of Kaduna State

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-226
Author(s):  
A. J. Kormawa ◽  
O. O. Aminu ◽  
L. A Akinbile
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Effective Training ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

The study assessed soybean utilisation and child nutrition among households in Chikun LGA of Kaduna State. This was done by examining trained and untrained households with respect to nutritional status of children below the age of five. Data was obtained through questionnaires. This was supported by anthropometric measurement of children’s weight and height. Most (58.4%) household heads were between the ages of 36-40 years and majority (78.3%) of the household members had formal education. Primary occupation engaged in by households were farming (35.3%) and trading (25.0%). Plant protein constitutes the main source of protein and the most preferred by respondents. Only one soybean product - dadawa was being used by untrained households. However, trained households were using soybean to make dadawa, moinmoin, soymilk, soy ogi and soup. Majority (62.3%) of the children below the age of five years were normal. Children from trained households suffer less malnutrition than those from untrained households. Also, 18.1% of children from trained households were better off in terms of normal growth than 10.7% of those from untrained households. Lack of processing equipment and time factor were major constraints to soybean utilisation. A significant difference in soybean utilisation existed between trained and untrained households (t = 12.4. p ≤ 0.01). There was a significant relationship between nutritional status of children and soybean utilisation (r = 0.34. p ≤ 0.01). Also, there was a significant difference in nutritional status of children from trained and untrained households (t = 2.32. p ≤ 0.01). The study concluded that effective training on soybean utilisation innovations is key to improved protein malnutrition and child health in the study area.Keywords: Soybean utilization, rural households, child nutrition

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