Intrinsic Motivation and Psychological Connectedness to Drug Abuse and Rehabilitation: The Perspective of Self-Determination

This study adopts the perspective of the Self-Determination Theory to look at the psychological experience of drug users and their decisions to take drugs or not, with particular emphasis on the concept of relatedness. To achieve this objective, a qualitative methodology was employed to explore the experiences of these drug users regarding how they take drugs and/or relapse. Theory-driven thematic analysis was employed to identify themes related to this topic. Results show that one’s psychological need for relatedness is an important determinant of whether one will take drugs or not, via the interaction mechanisms that exist in dimensions of affiliation and intimacy. While drug taking is a result of the modeling behavior existing in affiliated relationships, it is also a coping strategy for the ultimate satisfaction of psychological needs when human relatedness disappears. The implication is that significant others can develop unconditionally warm, caring, and empathetic supportive relationships with drug users, so as to enhance their fulfillment of psychological needs and reduce the risk of drug relapse.

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Listen and you will see the person through the dementia

Journal for Person-Oriented Research ◽

10.17505/jpor.2021.23797 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 88-97

Author(s):

Rita Estrada

Keyword(s):

Communication Skills ◽

Psychological Assessment ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Self Determination ◽

Supportive Psychotherapy ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Person Centered Care ◽

Centered Care

Dementia is an ever-increasing health and social problem, with a growing number of people being affected worldwide. As dementia progresses, dependency on others increases, requiring the presence of caregivers. Caregivers tend to focus on the diagnosis itself – dementia – which makes it difficult to see the person in their uniqueness. The person is there, and can be seen by listening, which requires time and communication skills. The voices of older adults living with several types of dementia, collected while working as a psychologist in a nursing home, are presented in the first person to bring forward the person they are. These excerpts of interactions illustrate the basic psychological need of relatedness, which is built through interaction, stories, and touch, and the needs of competence and autonomy. The framework of this paper encompasses validation therapy, person-centered care, and self-determination theory. Two conclusions emerge: Seeing the person through the dementia enables an adequate psychological assessment and a helpful supportive psychotherapy, and it also makes us acknowledge and help satisfy the three basic psychological needs of relatedness, competence, and autonomy.

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An Empirical Investigation of the Employee Work Passion Appraisal Model Using Self-Determination Theory

Advances in Developing Human Resources ◽

10.1177/1523422318756636 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 148-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anaïs Thibault-Landry ◽

Richard Egan ◽

Laurence Crevier-Braud ◽

Lara Manganelli ◽

Jacques Forest

Keyword(s):

Human Resource Development ◽

Cognitive Appraisals ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Need Satisfaction ◽

Self Determination ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction ◽

Work Passion ◽

Psychological Need Satisfaction

The Problem Employee work passion theory offers an appraisal-based approach that explains how work passion is formulated in individuals. Self-determination theory postulates that the satisfaction of three basic psychological human needs (competence, relatedness, and autonomy) is essential for individuals to flourish and thrive at work. The role of basic psychological need satisfaction in the employee work passion appraisal process is yet to be examined. The Solution We investigated the relations between employees’ cognitive appraisals of their work environment characteristics (work cognitions), their basic psychological need satisfaction, and their work intentions. Our study provided empirical evidence showing that employees’ cognitive appraisals of work characteristics such as job autonomy, task variety, meaningful work, and performance expectations were positively related to basic psychological need satisfaction, which, in turn, positively impacted their work intentions, thus indicating the subjective experience of work passion. The Stakeholders Results suggest that organizational leaders, supervisors, and human resource development (HRD) practitioners could develop interventions that promote specific workplace characteristics and are aimed at contributing to the fulfillment of employees’ basic psychological needs. In so doing, employees and stakeholders could benefit from the individual and organizational outcomes that flow from employees experiencing greater work passion.

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Barriers to the Practice of Sport and Physical Activity from the Perspective of Self-Determination Theory

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13147665 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 7665

Author(s):

Daniel Gil-Píriz ◽

Marta Leyton-Román ◽

Sara Mesquita ◽

Ruth Jiménez-Castuera

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Positive Association ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Self Determination ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Academic Employment ◽

Relationship Of

The practice of sport and physical activity can be hampered by the presence of amotivation, the frustration of basic psychological needs, and barriers to carrying out that practice. Based on the principles of self-determination theory (SDT), the objective of this study was to analyze the relationship of these variables and assess differences based on age, sex, residential independence, academic/employment situation, and prior sport and physical activity. The sample comprised 102 individuals, aged between 18 and 25 (M = 21.61; SD = 2.04), who completed the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire, the Frustration of Psychological Needs in Physical Exercise Scale, and the Self-Perceived Barriers of Physical Activity Questionnaire. Our results showed that participants had high values of controlled motivation, the frustration of the basic psychological need for competence, and high values for the barrier of obligations/lack of time. We found a significant and positive association between the frustration of the basic psychological need for competence and the barriers present in the practice of physical activity. Moreover, we found that women reported experiencing body image/anxiety as a barrier to practicing sport and physical activity more than men and individuals aged 22–25 years experiencing obligations/lack of time as a barrier more than the those aged 18 to 21 years. Practical applications were proposed to avoid the frustration of basic psychological needs, increase the most self-determined forms of motivation, and reduce barriers to the practice of sport and physical activity.

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Supporting Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness in a Learning-to-Learn Course: College Students’ Insights Into Effective Instruction

Teaching of Psychology ◽

10.1177/0098628320977270 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 009862832097727

Author(s):

Lauren Hensley ◽

Robin Sayers ◽

Anna Brady ◽

Jessica Cutshall

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Academic Success ◽

Personal Development ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Need Satisfaction ◽

Self Determination ◽

Learning To Learn ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Learner Centered

Autonomy, competence, and relatedness are psychological needs that may be particularly important for instructors to address in learning-to-learn courses, which are designed to support college students’ personal development and academic success. Guided by self-determination theory, in this qualitative study we focused on the learning-to-learn context to understand psychological need satisfaction from the perspectives of college students and in their own words. We analyzed end-of-semester evaluations in 10 sections of a learning-to-learn course offered through an educational psychology program at a large public university. The findings highlighted how instructional features, intellectual experiences, and teaching practices supported autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The 10 themes emerging from the analysis can be used to understand self-determination theory in practice and guide learner-centered instruction.

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Importancia del apoyo a las necesidades psicológicas básicas en la predisposición hacia diferentes contenidos en Educación Física (Importance of support of the basic psychological needs in predisposition to different contents in Physical Education)

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v0i29.34855 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 3-8

Author(s):

Javier Sevil Serrano ◽

Ángel Abós Catalán ◽

Eduardo Generelo Lanaspa ◽

Alberto Aibar Solana ◽

Luis García-González

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Self Determination ◽

Perceived Support ◽

Education Students ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Affective Attitude ◽

Teaching Unit

Resumen. Siguiendo la teoría de la autodeterminación, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la asociación entre la percepción de apoyo a las necesidades psicológicas básicas (i.e., autonomía, competencia y relaciones sociales) y la predisposición hacia el contenido (i.e., actitud cognitiva y afectiva) que tiene el alumnado. El estudio fue desarrollado en tres unidades didácticas de Educación Física, donde participaron 77 alumnos en el contenido de fútbol sala, 75 en acrosport y 78 en rugby, pertenecientes a 4º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Los resultados de los análisis de correlación y los análisis predictivos señalan una relación positiva entre la percepción del apoyo de las tres necesidades psicológicas y la predisposición hacia el contenido que tienen los alumnos, adquiriendo uno u otro mediador más importancia en función del contenido curricular impartido. En base a ello, se destaca la importancia de apoyar las tres necesidades psicológicas básicas mediante estrategias de intervención que deben ser diseñadas y adaptadas para cada contenido curricular. Todo ello puede redundar en una mayor predisposición del alumnado hacia cada uno de los contenidos curriculares que integran la Educación Física, suponiendo una mayor adherencia hacia la práctica de actividad física.Abstract. Grounded on the self- determination theory, the aim of the study was to analyze the association between perceived support of basic psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence and relatedness) and predisposition toward the content (i.e., cognitive and affective attitude). The study was developed in three Physical Education teaching units. The sample was comprised of 77 football, 75 acrosport and 78 rugby 4th- year compulsory Secondary Education students. The results of the correlation and predictive analysis indicate a positive relationship between perceived support of the three psychological needs and predisposition to the content. The importance of each psychological need was different depending on the teaching unit. The usefulness of supporting the three basic psychological needs through intervention strategies was highlighted. These strategies should be designed and adapted for any curricular content. This can result in a greater predisposition of students to each of the units that integrate Physical Education. It can also lead to greater adherence to participation in physical activity.

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Fulfilling the Basic Psychological Needs of Esports Fans: A Self-Determination Theory Approach

Communication & Sport ◽

10.1177/2167479520943875 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 216747952094387

Author(s):

Tyreal Yizhou Qian ◽

Jerred Junqi Wang ◽

James Jianhui Zhang ◽

John Hulland

Keyword(s):

Latent Variable ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Need Satisfaction ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Self Determination ◽

Theory Approach ◽

Variable Model ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Pertinent Information

This study examines esports fans’ psychological processes and pertinent behaviors through the lens of the self-determination theory (SDT). The extent to which the esports fans’ basic psychological needs—that is, competence, autonomy, and relatedness—are satisfied were assessed by using a composite latent variable model. Findings derived from the data analyses confirmed the relevance of the SDT in explaining pertinent information on need satisfaction, motivation, and related consumption behaviors. In particular, relatedness was identified as the most salient basic psychological need dimension, suggesting that satisfying this need is critically important for esports consumption. Both the inquiry protocol and the findings of this investigation contribute to the existing literature on motivation by developing an SDT model in esports media studies. Further discussions were made on deciphering the opportunities and challenges associated with the burgeoning esports industry.

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Testing Self-Determined Motivation as a Mediator of the Relationship between Psychological Needs and Affective and Behavioral Outcomes

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.29.5.645 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 645-663 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Meghan H. McDonough ◽

Peter R.E. Crocker

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Outcomes ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Self Determination ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Positive Outcomes ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Mediational Role ◽

The Relationship

Self-determination theory suggests that when psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness are met, participants experience more self-determined types of motivation and more positive outcomes. Limited research has examined this mediational role of self-determined motivation in adult physical activity participants, and very few studies have included assessments of relatedness. This study tested the hypothesis that self-determined motivation would mediate the relationship between psychological need fulfilment and affective and behavioral outcomes. Adult dragon boaters (N = 558) between the ages of 19 and 83 completed a questionnaire on motivational aspects of dragon boating. Competence, relatedness, and autonomy all significantly predicted self-determined motivation, but self-determined motivation only partially mediated their relationship with positive and negative affect. These findings demonstrate the importance of all three needs in adult activity motivation and suggest that the relationships between needs, self-determination, and outcomes may be complex.

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Classification of Techniques Used in Self-Determination Theory-Based Interventions in Health Contexts: An Expert Consensus Study

10.31234/osf.io/z9wqu ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marta M Marques ◽

Martin S Hagger

Keyword(s):

Behavior Change ◽

Classification System ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Need Satisfaction ◽

Self Determination ◽

Expert Consensus ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Behavior Change Technique

While evidence suggests that interventions based on self-determination theory can be effective in motivating adoption and maintenance of health-related behaviors, and in promoting adaptive psychological outcomes, the motivational techniques that comprise the content of these interventions have not been comprehensively identified or described. The aim of the present study was to develop a classification system of the techniques that comprise self-determination theory interventions, with satisfaction of psychological needs as an organizing principle. Candidate techniques were identified through a comprehensive review of self-determination theory interventions and nomination by experts. The study team developed a preliminary list of candidate techniques accompanied by labels, definitions, and function descriptions of each. Each technique was aligned with the most closely-related psychological need satisfaction construct (autonomy, competence, or relatedness). Using an iterative expert consensus procedure, participating experts (N=18) judged each technique on the preliminary list for redundancy, essentiality, uniqueness, and the proposed link between the technique and basic psychological need. The procedure produced a final classification of 21 motivation and behavior change techniques (MBCTs). Redundancies between final MBCTs against techniques from existing behavior change technique taxonomies were also checked. The classification system is the first formal attempt to systematize self-determination theory intervention techniques. The classification is expected to enhance consistency in descriptions of self-determination theory-based interventions in health contexts, and assist in facilitating synthesis of evidence on interventions based on the theory. The classification is also expected to guide future efforts to identify, describe, and classify the techniques that comprise self-determination theory-based interventions in multiple domains.

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Why and when do employees become more proactive under humble leaders? The roles of psychological need satisfaction and Chinese traditionality

Journal of Organizational Change Management ◽

10.1108/jocm-12-2020-0366 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Hui Chen ◽

Qiaozhuan Liang ◽

Chao Feng ◽

Yue Zhang

Keyword(s):

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Need Satisfaction ◽

Self Determination ◽

Proactive Behavior ◽

Content Type ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Leader Humility ◽

Psychological Need Satisfaction

PurposeDrawing on self-determination theory, this study explored how leader humility affected employees' proactive behavior through satisfying their psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness. Furthermore, based on a contingency view, this paper suggested Chinese traditionality as a significant boundary condition for the effects of leader humility.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 465 employees and 111 direct supervisors in China using a three-wave, two-source design. Hierarchical regression analyses and Hayes' PROCESS macro were applied to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results indicated that leader humility positively affected employee proactive behavior through the mediating mechanisms of psychological need satisfaction (i.e. autonomy, competence and relatedness). Furthermore, these positive effects were stronger among employees with lower Chinese traditionality beliefs.Originality/valueAlthough prior research has examined the relationship between leadership and proactive behavior, most extant studies have focused on “top-down” leadership approaches, ignoring the effect of leader humility. Drawing on self-determination theory, the present study makes contributions to both the leader humility research and proactivity literature by identifying psychological need satisfaction as the mechanism and Chinese traditionality as the moderator.

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Validation of the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale in a Portuguese Sample

The Spanish Journal of Psychology ◽

10.5209/rev_sjop.2012.v15.n1.37346 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 399-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

João Miguel Raimundo Peres Moutão ◽

Luis Filipe Cid Serra ◽

José Augusto Marinho Alves ◽

José Carlos Leitão ◽

Symeon P. Vlachopoulos

Keyword(s):

Factor Model ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Self Determination ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Optimal Functioning ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Reliable Instrument ◽

Using Data

In line with self-determination theory (SDT: Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2002) the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness has been identified as an important predictor of behavior and optimal functioning in various contexts including exercise. The lack of a valid and reliable instrument to assess the extent to which these needs are fulfilled among Portuguese exercise participants limits the evaluation of causal links proposed by SDT in the Portuguese exercise context. The aim of the present study was to translate into Portuguese and validate the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES: Vlachopoulos & Michailidou, 2006). Using data from 522 exercise participants the findings provided evidence of strong internal consistency of the translated BPNES subscales while confirmatory factor analysis supported a good fit of the correlated 3-factor model to the data. The present findings support the use of the translated into Portuguese BPNES to assess the extent of basic psychological need fulfilment among Portuguese exercise participants.

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