Validation of the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale in a Portuguese Sample

In line with self-determination theory (SDT: Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2002) the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness has been identified as an important predictor of behavior and optimal functioning in various contexts including exercise. The lack of a valid and reliable instrument to assess the extent to which these needs are fulfilled among Portuguese exercise participants limits the evaluation of causal links proposed by SDT in the Portuguese exercise context. The aim of the present study was to translate into Portuguese and validate the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES: Vlachopoulos & Michailidou, 2006). Using data from 522 exercise participants the findings provided evidence of strong internal consistency of the translated BPNES subscales while confirmatory factor analysis supported a good fit of the correlated 3-factor model to the data. The present findings support the use of the translated into Portuguese BPNES to assess the extent of basic psychological need fulfilment among Portuguese exercise participants.

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Listen and you will see the person through the dementia

Journal for Person-Oriented Research ◽

10.17505/jpor.2021.23797 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 88-97

Author(s):

Rita Estrada

Keyword(s):

Communication Skills ◽

Psychological Assessment ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Self Determination ◽

Supportive Psychotherapy ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Person Centered Care ◽

Centered Care

Dementia is an ever-increasing health and social problem, with a growing number of people being affected worldwide. As dementia progresses, dependency on others increases, requiring the presence of caregivers. Caregivers tend to focus on the diagnosis itself – dementia – which makes it difficult to see the person in their uniqueness. The person is there, and can be seen by listening, which requires time and communication skills. The voices of older adults living with several types of dementia, collected while working as a psychologist in a nursing home, are presented in the first person to bring forward the person they are. These excerpts of interactions illustrate the basic psychological need of relatedness, which is built through interaction, stories, and touch, and the needs of competence and autonomy. The framework of this paper encompasses validation therapy, person-centered care, and self-determination theory. Two conclusions emerge: Seeing the person through the dementia enables an adequate psychological assessment and a helpful supportive psychotherapy, and it also makes us acknowledge and help satisfy the three basic psychological needs of relatedness, competence, and autonomy.

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Barriers to the Practice of Sport and Physical Activity from the Perspective of Self-Determination Theory

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13147665 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 7665

Author(s):

Daniel Gil-Píriz ◽

Marta Leyton-Román ◽

Sara Mesquita ◽

Ruth Jiménez-Castuera

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Positive Association ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Self Determination ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Academic Employment ◽

Relationship Of

The practice of sport and physical activity can be hampered by the presence of amotivation, the frustration of basic psychological needs, and barriers to carrying out that practice. Based on the principles of self-determination theory (SDT), the objective of this study was to analyze the relationship of these variables and assess differences based on age, sex, residential independence, academic/employment situation, and prior sport and physical activity. The sample comprised 102 individuals, aged between 18 and 25 (M = 21.61; SD = 2.04), who completed the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire, the Frustration of Psychological Needs in Physical Exercise Scale, and the Self-Perceived Barriers of Physical Activity Questionnaire. Our results showed that participants had high values of controlled motivation, the frustration of the basic psychological need for competence, and high values for the barrier of obligations/lack of time. We found a significant and positive association between the frustration of the basic psychological need for competence and the barriers present in the practice of physical activity. Moreover, we found that women reported experiencing body image/anxiety as a barrier to practicing sport and physical activity more than men and individuals aged 22–25 years experiencing obligations/lack of time as a barrier more than the those aged 18 to 21 years. Practical applications were proposed to avoid the frustration of basic psychological needs, increase the most self-determined forms of motivation, and reduce barriers to the practice of sport and physical activity.

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BASIC PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS, MOTIVATIONAL ORIENTATIONS, EFFORT, AND VOCABULARY KNOWLEDGE

Studies in Second Language Acquisition ◽

10.1017/s027226312100005x ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Abdullah Alamer

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

Language Learning ◽

Process Model ◽

Structural Model ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Vocabulary Knowledge ◽

Self Determination ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Abstract This study examined an integrated process model of second language motivation based on the framework of self-determination theory (SDT). Specifically, this research investigated the extent to which satisfying basic psychological needs (BPN) are related to SDT orientations and, in turn, to the effort expended and how these factors relate collectively to vocabulary knowledge. Revised scales assessing students’ BPN (the Basic Psychological Needs of Second Language Scale) and SDT orientations (the Self-Determination Theory of Second Language Scale) were considered and tested using a higher-order confirmatory factor analysis solution. The results of the structural model showed that BPN were only directly related to vocabulary knowledge, which indicated their direct importance for the attainment of the vocabulary. No other indirect effects through SDT orientations or effort were identified. Nonetheless, SDT orientations were both directly and indirectly linked to vocabulary knowledge over and above the role of expended effort. The results elucidated motivational pathways that yielded pedagogical implications for language learning.

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Importancia del apoyo a las necesidades psicológicas básicas en la predisposición hacia diferentes contenidos en Educación Física (Importance of support of the basic psychological needs in predisposition to different contents in Physical Education)

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v0i29.34855 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 3-8

Author(s):

Javier Sevil Serrano ◽

Ángel Abós Catalán ◽

Eduardo Generelo Lanaspa ◽

Alberto Aibar Solana ◽

Luis García-González

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Self Determination ◽

Perceived Support ◽

Education Students ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Affective Attitude ◽

Teaching Unit

Resumen. Siguiendo la teoría de la autodeterminación, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la asociación entre la percepción de apoyo a las necesidades psicológicas básicas (i.e., autonomía, competencia y relaciones sociales) y la predisposición hacia el contenido (i.e., actitud cognitiva y afectiva) que tiene el alumnado. El estudio fue desarrollado en tres unidades didácticas de Educación Física, donde participaron 77 alumnos en el contenido de fútbol sala, 75 en acrosport y 78 en rugby, pertenecientes a 4º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Los resultados de los análisis de correlación y los análisis predictivos señalan una relación positiva entre la percepción del apoyo de las tres necesidades psicológicas y la predisposición hacia el contenido que tienen los alumnos, adquiriendo uno u otro mediador más importancia en función del contenido curricular impartido. En base a ello, se destaca la importancia de apoyar las tres necesidades psicológicas básicas mediante estrategias de intervención que deben ser diseñadas y adaptadas para cada contenido curricular. Todo ello puede redundar en una mayor predisposición del alumnado hacia cada uno de los contenidos curriculares que integran la Educación Física, suponiendo una mayor adherencia hacia la práctica de actividad física.Abstract. Grounded on the self- determination theory, the aim of the study was to analyze the association between perceived support of basic psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence and relatedness) and predisposition toward the content (i.e., cognitive and affective attitude). The study was developed in three Physical Education teaching units. The sample was comprised of 77 football, 75 acrosport and 78 rugby 4th- year compulsory Secondary Education students. The results of the correlation and predictive analysis indicate a positive relationship between perceived support of the three psychological needs and predisposition to the content. The importance of each psychological need was different depending on the teaching unit. The usefulness of supporting the three basic psychological needs through intervention strategies was highlighted. These strategies should be designed and adapted for any curricular content. This can result in a greater predisposition of students to each of the units that integrate Physical Education. It can also lead to greater adherence to participation in physical activity.

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Fulfilling the Basic Psychological Needs of Esports Fans: A Self-Determination Theory Approach

Communication & Sport ◽

10.1177/2167479520943875 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 216747952094387

Author(s):

Tyreal Yizhou Qian ◽

Jerred Junqi Wang ◽

James Jianhui Zhang ◽

John Hulland

Keyword(s):

Latent Variable ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Need Satisfaction ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Self Determination ◽

Theory Approach ◽

Variable Model ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Pertinent Information

This study examines esports fans’ psychological processes and pertinent behaviors through the lens of the self-determination theory (SDT). The extent to which the esports fans’ basic psychological needs—that is, competence, autonomy, and relatedness—are satisfied were assessed by using a composite latent variable model. Findings derived from the data analyses confirmed the relevance of the SDT in explaining pertinent information on need satisfaction, motivation, and related consumption behaviors. In particular, relatedness was identified as the most salient basic psychological need dimension, suggesting that satisfying this need is critically important for esports consumption. Both the inquiry protocol and the findings of this investigation contribute to the existing literature on motivation by developing an SDT model in esports media studies. Further discussions were made on deciphering the opportunities and challenges associated with the burgeoning esports industry.

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Basic Psychological Needs as a Motivational Competence: Examining Validity and Measurement Invariance of Spanish BPNSF Scale

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12135422 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (13) ◽

pp. 5422

Author(s):

Giuseppina Maria Cardella ◽

Brizeida Raquel Hernández-Sánchez ◽

José Carlos Sánchez-García

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Need Satisfaction ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Measurement Tools ◽

Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction

Motivation is an essential component in higher education. In this area, researchers have described three psychological needs that drive human behavior: Autonomy, competence, and relatedness. These three needs are central dimensions of Self-Determination Theory. Various measurement tools have been used to evaluate these dimensions. Despite the universality of these, the literature lacks validation of them in the Spanish university context. The present study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) in this context. This scale was administered to a sample of 1075 Spanish university students. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded that the six-factor structure fitted the data. Results supported the reliability and validity of all the subscales. The obtained factor structure provided evidence in support of the comparability of the model between male and female students and different types of studies.

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Assessing Need Satisfaction and Frustration in Portuguese Exercise Instructors: scale validity, reliabity and invariance between gender

Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte ◽

10.6018/cpd.347331 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 233-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Filipe Fernandes Rodrigues ◽

Henrique Pereira Neiva ◽

Daniel Almeida Marinho ◽

Pedro Mendes ◽

Diogo Santos Teixeira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Model ◽

Basic Needs ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Need Satisfaction ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Interpersonal Behaviors ◽

Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction ◽

Nomological Validity

Objective: The aim of the present study was to validate the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale in Exercise for fitness instructors. Methods: Data from 477 exercise professionals (319 males, 158 females) was collected. Results: CFA supported the adapted and validated six-factor model: [χ2(237) = 1096.796, χ2/df= 4.63; B-S p < .001, CFI = .930, TLI = .918, SRMR= .0366, RMSEA = .079 (CI90% = .069, .089)], assessing satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs in Portuguese exercise professionals. Moreover, the analysis revealed acceptable composite reliability, and construct validity of the adapted version. Results revealed nomological validity, as well as invariance between male and female. No differences were found across latent means, and magnitude effects were trivial between gender. Conclusion: These results support the use of the adapted scale in exercise professionals, showing measurement invariance between gender. This scale is able to measure how exercise professionals experience satisfaction and frustration of basic needs when prescribing exercise to individuals in fitness context. Key-words: self-determination theory, exercise, basic needs, interpersonal behaviors, exercise instructors Objective: The aim of the present study was to validate the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale in Exercise for fitness instructors. Methods: Data from 477 exercise professionals (319 males, 158 females) was collected. Results: CFA supported the adapted and validated six-factor model: [χ2(237) = 1096.796, χ2/df= 4.63; B-S p < .001, CFI = .930, TLI = .918, SRMR= .0366, RMSEA = .079 (CI90% = .069, .089)], assessing satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs in Portuguese exercise professionals. Moreover, the analysis revealed acceptable composite reliability, and construct validity of the adapted version. Results revealed nomological validity, as well as invariance between male and female. No differences were found across latent means, and magnitude effects were trivial between gender. Conclusion: These results support the use of the adapted scale in exercise professionals, showing measurement invariance between gender. This scale is able to measure how exercise professionals experience satisfaction and frustration of basic needs when prescribing exercise to individuals in fitness context. Key-words: self-determination theory, exercise, basic needs, interpersonal behaviors, exercise instructors

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The correlation between need satisfaction and learning motivation: A self-determination theory perspective

International Journal of Learning and Teaching ◽

10.18844/ijlt.v8i5.1888 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 319-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

HU Ping-ying

Keyword(s):

Autonomous Motivation ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Need Satisfaction ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Learning Motivation ◽

Self Determination ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The Relationship

Abstract To examine the relationship between need satisfaction and learning motivation, a survey was conducted in an engineering college in China. Collected data were processed and analyzed via SPSS software; then a confirmatory factor analysis was performed with SEM method. Outcomes of the research indicated that: 1) satisfaction of autonomy and relatedness contributed to autonomous motivation; 2) satisfaction of competence and relatedness helped shift controlled motivation to autonomous motivation; 3) unexpectedly, satisfaction of competence had negative effect on autonomous regulation, as did satisfaction of autonomy on controlled regulation. The outcomes imply that learners’ psychological needs should be satisfied according to their pre-existing types of motivation, and that studies on motivation based on Self-determination Theory (SDT) should take cultural factors into consideration Keywords: SDT, basic psychological needs, self-determined motivation, correlation

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Predicción de la motivación en los estadios de cambio de ejercicio más activos (Prediction of motivation in the more active stages of exercise change)

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v0i30.40619 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 87-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria Isabel Aspano Carron ◽

Susana Lobato Muñoz ◽

Marta Leyton Román ◽

Marco Batista ◽

Ruth Jiménez Castuera

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Stages Of Change ◽

Transtheoretical Model ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

The Self ◽

Self Determination ◽

Psychological Need

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer qué variables motivacionales pertenecientes a la Teoría de la Autodeterminación eran predictoras de las etapas de cambio de ejercicio más activas (Acción y Mantenimiento). El marco teórico empleado fue la Teoría de la Autodeterminación y el Modelo Transteórico. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 187 estudiantes de educación física con una edad media de 15.5 años (DT = 1.70). Se administraron los siguientes cuestionarios: la Escala del Locus Percibido De Causalidad en Educación Física (PLOC Scale), la Escala de medición de las necesidades psicológicas básicas (BPNES) y el cuestionario de etapas de cambio para el ejercicio físico (URICA-E2). Posteriormente, se realizó un análisis descriptivo y los análisis de regresión correspondientes. Los resultados mostraron que la etapa del cambio del ejercicio físico de acción fue predicha por la necesidad psicológica básica de autonomía y la etapa del cambio del ejercicio físico de mantenimiento fue predicha por la necesidad psicológica básica de competencia, ambas de forma positiva y significativa. Será relevante, fomentar la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas de competencia y autonomía con objeto de aumentar la práctica regular de ejercicio físico.Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine what motivational variables belonging to the Self-Determination Theory were predictors of more active stages of exercise change (Action and Maintenance). We used the Self-Determination Theory and the Transtheoretical Model as theoretical framework. The sample consisted of 187 physical education students with an average age of 15.5 years (SD = 1.70). The following questionnaires were administered: the Scale of Perceived Locus of causality in Physical Education (PLOC Scale), the measurement range of the basic psychological needs (BPNES) and the questionnaire about the stages of change for physical exercise (URICA-E2). Subsequently, a descriptive analysis and regression analysis were performed. The results showed that the action state of exercise change was predicted by the basic psychological need of autonomy and the maintenance state of exercise change was predicted by the basic psychological need of competence, both positively and significantly. Promoting the satisfaction of basic psychological needs of competence and autonomy will be relevant in order to increase regular physical exercise practice.

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Frustration and Violence in Mobile Video Games

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000236 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 63-70

Author(s):

Petr Květon ◽

Martin Jelínek

Keyword(s):

Video Games ◽

Video Game ◽

Implicit Association Test ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Self Determination ◽

Mobile Video ◽

Violent Content ◽

Before And After

Abstract. This study tests two competing hypotheses, one based on the general aggression model (GAM), the other on the self-determination theory (SDT). GAM suggests that the crucial factor in video games leading to increased aggressiveness is their violent content; SDT contends that gaming is associated with aggression because of the frustration of basic psychological needs. We used a 2×2 between-subject experimental design with a sample of 128 undergraduates. We assigned each participant randomly to one experimental condition defined by a particular video game, using four mobile video games differing in the degree of violence and in the level of their frustration-invoking gameplay. Aggressiveness was measured using the implicit association test (IAT), administered before and after the playing of a video game. We found no evidence of an association between implicit aggressiveness and violent content or frustrating gameplay.

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