scholarly journals Sexual Functioning in Pregnant Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4216
Author(s):  
Anna Fuchs ◽  
Iwona Czech ◽  
Jerzy Sikora ◽  
Piotr Fuchs ◽  
Miłosz Lorek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Function ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sexual Functioning ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Polish Version ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Mean

Sexual activity during pregnancy is determined by emotional, psychosocial, hormonal, and anatomical factors and varies during trimesters. This work aimed to establish women’s sexual activity during each trimester of pregnancy. A total of 624 women were included in the study and filled in the questionnaire three times, once during each trimester of pregnancy. The first part of the survey included questions about socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric history, and medical details of a given pregnancy. The second part was the Polish version of the female sexual function index (FSFI) questionnaire. Comparison of the mean scores for the overall sexual function of each trimester revealed clinically relevant sexual dysfunction in the second and third trimesters (mean values 25.9 ± 8.7 and 22.7 ± 8.7, respectively; p < 0.01). Women were most sexually active during their second trimester. In the first trimester of pregnancy, women were most likely to choose intercourse in the missionary position. Women with vocational education were characterized by the lowest and homogenous FSFI values. Total FSFI score depended on the martial status—the highest value pertained to married women (25.2 ± 6.9; p = 0.02).

Correlations Between the Values of Maternal Glycemia from the Last Trimester of Pregnancy and Fetal Birth Weight

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-265
Author(s):  
Monica Vereş ◽  
Aurel Babeş ◽  
Szidonia Lacziko
Keyword(s):  
First Trimester ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Fetal Macrosomia ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group I ◽  
Fetal Birth Weight ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background and aims: Gestational diabetes represents a form of diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy that is not clearly overt diabetes. In the last trimester of gestation the growth of fetoplacental unit takes place, thus maternal hyperglycemia will determine an increased transplacental passage, hyperinsulinemia and fetal macrosomia. The aim of our study was that o analyzing the effect of maternal glycemia from the last trimester of pregnancy over fetal weight. Material and method: We run an observational study on a group of 46 pregnant women taken into evidence from the first trimester of pregnancy, separated in two groups according to blood glucose determined in the third trimester (before birth): group I normoglycemic and group II with hyperglycemia (>92mg/dl). Results: The mean value of third trimester glycemia for the entire group was of 87.13±22.03. The mean value of the glycemia determined in the third trimester of pregnancy was higher in the second group (109.17 mg/dl) in comparison to the first group (74.,21 mg/dl). The ROC curve for third trimester glycemia as fetal macrosomia appreciation test has an AUC of 0.517. Conclusions: Glycemia determined in the last trimester of pregnancy cannot be used alone as the predictive factor for fetal macrosomia.

scholarly journals Associations between sexual satisfaction and function and the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms among men in a rural sub-Saharan African community

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Macnab ◽  
Lynn Stothers ◽  
Jonathan Berkowitz ◽  
Stacy Elliott ◽  
Francis Bajunirwe
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Sexual Functioning ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Sexual Drive ◽  
Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽  
Lower Urinary

Introduction: The recognized association between erectile dysfunction (ED) with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) from high-income countries is unreported from Africa. Authentic figures on prevalence of ED and LUTS from Africa are scarce in the literature. This study was conducted to quantify sexual function and satisfaction among Ugandan men in relation to LUTS severity. Methods: A convenience sample of men participating in a parallel, cross-sectional survey was used. The population, men >55 years living in Sheema district, Uganda, were recruited into two cohorts: those living in the community and those seeking clinic care due to bother from LUTS. This was to ensure inclusion of a full spectrum of LUTS. The instruments were the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) to quantify LUTS and the Epstein Inventory (EI) to assess four measures of sexual functioning. Bivariate analysis compared community and clinic cohort participants, LUTS severity, and each sexual functioning item with two-sample t-tests for means and Chi-square tests of independence for categorical versions. Results: Participants included 415 men (238 community and 177 clinic) at mean age of 67.5 years vs. 62.9 (p<0.001) with mean IPSS of 9.32 vs. 17.07 (p≤0.001). Lower mean satisfaction with sexual activity and frequency of erections occurred in the clinic cohort (p≤0.001). Overall, all four questions assessing dissatisfaction with sexual function were significantly correlated with worsening LUTS; sexual satisfaction and frequency of sexual drive were also influenced by age and low levels of education. Conclusions: These are the first data describing the severity relationship between LUTS and ED in African men. Respondents reported dissatisfaction in the past year with the level of their sexual activity, frequency of sexual drive, ability to have erections, and sexual performance that related statistically to the severity of their LUTS.

scholarly journals A comparative study of oral, sublingual and vaginal route of misoprostol as cervical ripening agent before surgical method of termination of first-trimester pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Sinha ◽  
Sourabh Shrivastava ◽  
Swati Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cervical Ripening ◽  
Vaginal Route ◽  
Surgical Method ◽  
First Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
Medical Termination ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vaginal Misoprostol

Background: Cervical ripening is a critical step for surgical method of termination of first trimester of pregnancy. Misoprostol, PGE1 analogue have promising role as cervical ripening agent. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy and side effects of oral, sublingual and vaginal misoprostol at dosage of 400mcg for cervical priming before surgical method of termination in first-trimester pregnancy.Methods: It was a prospective hospital based randamosied study. Total 150 patients at 6-12 weeks gestation requesting for medical termination of pregnancy were divided equally in to 3 groups. Every group was advised to have single dose of 400 mcg misoprostol either oral, sublingual or vaginal route respectively 4 hour before suction and evacuation.Results: The sublingual group had highly significant cervical dilatation (P<0.001) and the duration of suction and evacuation was less as compared to the vaginal and oral routes (p<0.000). However, the mean intraoperative blood loss was more in sublingual as compared to the vaginal and oral groups. Loose motions and nausea/vomiting were more with oral routes while blood loss was more in the vaginal route.Conclusions: Thus, it can be concluded from present study that sublingual route of misoprostol is more preferable than oral or vaginal route as pro-abortion cervical ripening agent.

scholarly journals Frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism and mean serum TSH level in first trimester of pregnancy.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1763-1767
Author(s):  
Fouzia Perveen ◽  
Lubna Ali ◽  
Afshan Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Level Data ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Serum Tsh

Objective: To find out the frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in our pregnant population during 1st Trimester and the mean TSH level in first trimester of pregnancy. Study Design: Cross Sectional Descriptive study. Setting: Dow University Hospital and Dr Ruth KM Pfau CHK. Period: June 2015 to May 2016. Material & Methods: All Pregnant women with <14 weeks gestation were screened for Serum TSH level. Data were recorded after informed consent and institutional ethical approval. Variables recorded were age, parity, gestational age and serum TSH level. Data were analyzed on SPSS version 16. Mean and SD were calculated for quantitative variables ie. Age, parity, gestational age, serum TSH level and serum free T4 level. Mean TSH level according to age group, parity and gestational age groups were determined by applying ANOVA test. Correlation of Serum TSH level with the maternal age, parity and gestational age groups were also assessed by Pearson Correlation test. Significant P-value was taken as <0.05. Results: The frequency of SCH found was 19.35% by taking cut off limit of <2.5 IU/L and 3.55% by taking cut off limit of <4.5 IU/L among total of 310 pregnant women. Mean TSH level was 1.84±1.36 IU/L. The mean maternal age was 27.22 ± 4.43 yrs. while median parity was 1. Mean gestational age of these patients were 9.41 ± 2.748 weeks and out of these 160 (51.61%) were between 4-9 weeks and 150(48.38%) between 10-14 weeks. Majority (74%) of these women belonged to lower middle socioeconomic class. Mean TSH level coorelation between different age groups, parity groups and gestational age groups were found to be insignificant. Conclusion: The prevalence of SCH is not so high and mean TSH level in our population was 1.84 IU/L. But to establish reference range for Pakistani population, further studies in population of different backgrounds and geographical distribution needs to be evaluated.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FIRST TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY IN WOMEN WITH UTERINE FIBROIDS

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
E.F. Khamidullina ◽  
L.Yu. Davidyan ◽  
M.P. Markevich
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Fetoplacental Complex ◽  
Genital Tract Infections ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Tract Infections

The aim of the study is to highlight clinical, hormonal and biochemical characteristics of the first trimester of pregnancy in women with uterine fibroids. Materials and Methods. The study involved 182 pregnant women, including 98 women (main group) with verified uterine fibroids, which appeared before gestation, but did not prevent pregnancy. The comparison group consisted of 84 women with physiological pregnancy, without any anamnestic indications of gynecological pathology. The authors attempted to highlight the characteristics of the gestational process and the changes occurring in women with uterine fibroids developing with pregnancy. Results. When considering the results of biochemical and hormonal studies, it was found out that the mean values in both groups were within the norm. However, there were significant differences in women with physiological pregnancy and uterine fibroids. Additional medical examination included a study for homocysteine and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) with A1298C (Glu429Ala) mutation detection. Conclusion. In the first trimester, pregnant women with uterine fibroids often had mild folate deficiency anemia, genital bleedings, which clinically reflected threatened miscarriage, and genital tract infections (mainly vulvovaginal candidiasis). All of above-mentioned states were combined with such disorders as hyperhomocysteinemia, and, in some women, with subclinical forms of hypothyroidism. The revealed changes necessitate correction and prevention of further disturbances in the formation of a fetoplacental complex. Keywords: uterine fibroids, pregnancy complications, homocysteine. Цель исследования – выделить клинические, гормональные и биохимические особенности первого триместра беременности у женщин с миомой матки. Материалы и методы. Обследованы 182 беременные женщины, из которых основную группу составили 98 женщин с верифицированным диагнозом «миома матки», имевшим место до гестации, но не препятствующим наступлению беременности. Группу сравнения составили 84 женщины с физиологической беременностью, без анамнестических указаний на гинекологическую патологию. Проведена попытка выделить особенности течения гестационного процесса и изменения, происходящие в организме женщины с миомой матки, развивающиеся с началом беременности. Результаты. При рассмотрении результатов биохимических и гормональных исследований было установлено, что средние показатели в группах укладывались в норму, однако имелись достоверные различия в значениях у женщин с физиологической беременностью и миомой матки. Дополнительно в комплекс обследований было включено исследование на гомоцистеин и метилентетрагидрофолатредуктазу (MTHFR) с выявлением мутации A1298C (Glu429Ala). Выводы. У беременных женщин с миомой матки в первом триместре наиболее часто встречаются такие состояния, как фолиеводефицитная анемия легкой степени, кровотечения из половых путей, клинически отражающие угрозу прерывания беременности, и инфекции половых путей (преимущественно кандидозный вульвовагинит). Все перечисленные состояния сочетаются с такими нарушениями, как гипергомоцистеинемия, и, у части женщин, с субклиническими формами гипотиреоза. Выявленные изменения обусловливают необходимость проведения коррекции и профилактики дальнейших нарушений формирования фетоплацентарного комплекса. Ключевые слова: миома матки, осложнения беременности, гомоцистеин.

scholarly journals Written Feedback on Thermal Index During the First-Trimester Nuchal Translucency Examination Does Not Improve Compliance With the “as Low as Reasonably Achievable” Principle

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 466-472
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Bagley ◽  
Freshta Nematzadeh ◽  
Jean Lea Spitz ◽  
Jonathan Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Nuchal Translucency ◽  
Written Feedback ◽  
Thermal Index ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Quality Review ◽  
Alara Principle ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
The Mean

Objective: The null hypothesis was that there would be no change in as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) behavior based on feedback from comments on the nuchal translucency quality review (NTQR) image submissions. Methods: A review of the Perinatal Quality Foundation Database found 206 practitioners who failed their first credential attempt and received ALARA comments as feedback. The second submissions of the same subjects were reviewed to determine if compliance with ALARA improved following written feedback. Results: Seventeen percent of all second submissions addressed ALARA. Sixty-one percent of second submissions passed, however only 18.4 % of those addressed ALARA. Among those who submitted thermal index at bone values on both first and second submissions, the mean values on the second submission were 0.20 lower compared to the first submission ( P = .0288). Second submission mean thermal index at bone values were 0.68 lower among those submissions with ALARA concerns addressed compared to those not addressing these concerns ( P < .001). Conclusions: Written feedback without consequences on the ALARA principle did not improve compliance.

Is maternal periconceptional smoking associated with 2D:4D digit ratio in their children?

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Velez ◽  
T. E. Arbuckle ◽  
P. Monnier ◽  
W. D. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Androgen Exposure ◽  
Periconceptional Period ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Mean

The 2nd--4th finger ratio (2D:4D) has been proposed as a potential indicator of greater androgen exposure during fetal development. Maternal periconceptional smoking may alter the homeostasis of fetal androgens, which could in turn result in differential development of 2D:4Ds in utero. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of maternal periconceptional smoking (i.e. 1 year before through the first trimester of pregnancy) on the 2D:4D of children within The Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study. Maternal smoking history was obtained through questionnaires during the first trimester of pregnancy in 2001 women from 10 cities across Canada. The periconceptional smoking prevalence was 12%. A follow-up study was conducted to measure growth and development up to 5 years of age in a subsample of some 800 MIREC children (MIREC-CD Plus), and digital pictures of the ventral surface of both hands were obtained in mothers and children (2–5 years). The 2D:4D was calculated as the ratio of the 2nd and 4th fingers of each hand. Boys had lower mean 2D:4Ds compared with girls in both hands. Age and maternal 2D:4D were strong determinants of the children’s 2D:4D, however, the mean 2D:4D did not differ among children whose mothers had smoked during the periconceptional period compared with those who had not, irrespective of sex. In conclusion, we did not find an association between maternal periconceptional smoking and children’s 2D:4D, although the smoking prevalence was low.

Incomplete miscarriage during the first trimester: a comparison of indoor versus outdoor procedure

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-239
Author(s):  
Faiza Iqbal ◽  
Sadia Azmat ◽  
Rabia Jamshaid ◽  
Zunaira Arshad ◽  
Anum Saqib
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
P Value ◽  
Vacuum Aspiration ◽  
Manual Vacuum Aspiration ◽  
Group A ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Incomplete Miscarriage

Introduction: Miscarriage is defined as the natural death of a fetus inside the uterus. To remove complete conception material after a miscarriage, vacuum aspiration or dilatation & curettage are methods to remove uterine contents. Controversies exist regarding both procedures. So we conducted this study to confirm the more successful method. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of manual vacuum aspiration versus traditional evacuation and curettage (E & C) among females presenting with incomplete miscarriage during the first trimester of pregnancy Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled trial was done at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shalamar Hospital, Lahore for 6 months. Then the selected females were divided randomly into 2 equal groups. In group A, females had manual vacuum procedure while in group B, females had evacuation & curettage under general anesthesia. After 12 hours of the procedure, ultrasonography was done to confirm complete evacuation. Results: The mean age of the patients was 29.87 ± 6.71 years, the mean gestational age was 8.06 ± 2.82 weeks. The effectiveness was noted in 248 (91.85%) patients. Statistically, manual vacuum showed significantly more effective as compared to evacuation & curettage procedure in the management of incomplete miscarriage i.e. p-value = 0.008. Conclusion: It has been proved that manual vacuum aspiration is more effective than traditional evacuation & curettage in the management of incomplete miscarriage.

Annual reproductive rhythm and ovulation rate in four fat-tailed sheep breeds

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sefidbakht ◽  
M. S. Mostafavi ◽  
A. Farid
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Monthly Variation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Cycle

ABSTRACTKarakul, Mehraban, Naeini and Bakhtiari sheep were checked twice a day for oestrus using aproned rams and were laparotomized within 5 to 16 h of the end of every second oestrous period. Oestrus was observed for 12 monthly periods commencing on 21 April.The Mehraban breed with 1 -6 oestrous periods per month was less seasonal in its breeding activity (P<0·01) than the other breeds. Four-year-old ewes were more sexually active (P<0·01) than 3-year-old ewes (1·48 v. 1·28 oestrous periods per month). Seasonal variation in the sexual activity of the ewes was observed (P<001); the peak of activity in July to January was followed by a steady decline in February and March to a low in April and May, and then a steep recovery phase in June. There was only limited sexual activity for at least 4 months (March to June).The overall mean cycle length was 17·8 days (14 to 23 days), and the means for the four breeds were 17·6, 17·8, 17·8 and 17·9. The oestrous cycle was longer (P<0·05) during the period from December t o February than during that from June to August.The overall mean duration of the oestrous period was 36·9 h and the means for the four breeds were 35·2, 38·0, 37·4 and 37·1 h, respectively (P<0·05). The duration showed some monthly variation (P<0·01) but did not follow a special seasonal pattern. The ovulation rates for the four breeds were 1·07, 1·13,0·94 and 0·95 respectively, (P<0·01). There was a non-significant decline in the mean ovulation rate from March to June. Right ovaries were more active than left ovaries as judged by the observation of a higher average number of corpora lutea per ewe per laparotomy (0·58 v. 0·43, P<001).

Measurement of inferior facial angle and prefrontal space ratio in first trimester fetuses with aneuploidies: a retrospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 969-978
Author(s):  
Ismail Tekesin ◽  
Oliver Graupner
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Trisomy 18 ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Prediction Limit ◽  
2D Ultrasound ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Space Ratio

Abstract Objective To determine whether the measurement of inferior facial angle (IFA) and prefrontal space ratio (PFSR) in two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound images in the first trimester of pregnancy is reliable and to describe these markers in normal and aneuploid fetuses. Methods IFA and PFSR were measured in stored 2D midsagittal images of 200 normal and 140 aneuploid fetal profiles between 11 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks of gestation. Limits of agreement (LOAs) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for inter- and intraobserver differences were calculated. Results The mean IFA in normal fetuses was 76.5° ± 6.3. Between the two measurement rounds of the same observer, the LOAs were −5.4 to 7.1 (obs. 1) and 7.4 to 8.4 (obs. 2). For IFA measurements by the same observer the ICC was 0.88 (obs. 1) and for measurements by two different observers the ICC was 0.74. The mean PFSR was 0.76 ± 0.40 and the intraobserver LOAs were −0.372 to 0.395 (obs. 1) and −0.555 to 0.667 (obs. 2). For PFSR measurements by the same observer the ICC was 0.89 (obs. 1) and for measurements by two different observers the ICC was 0.65. Among aneuploid fetuses, IFA was below the normal range in one third of the cases with trisomy 18. PFSR was below the 95% prediction limit in 16.2% of fetuses with trisomy 21% and 17.9% of fetuses with trisomy 18. Conclusion IFA can be reliably measured in 2D ultrasound images in the first trimester of pregnancy with a high interobserver agreement and may provide information about retrognathia associated with various syndromes and aneuploidies at early stages of pregnancy.

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