scholarly journals Longitudinal Analysis of Plantar Pressures with Wear of a Running Shoe

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Escamilla-Martínez ◽  
Beatriz Gómez-Martín ◽  
Lourdes María Fernández-Seguín ◽  
Alfonso Martínez-Nova ◽  
Juan Diego Pedrera-Zamorano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Pressure Pattern ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Material Fatigue ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
Peak Pressures ◽  
Shoe Wear ◽  
Subjective Sensation

Running shoes typically have a lifespan of 300–1000 km, and the plantar pressure pattern during running may change as the shoe wears. So, the aim of this study was to determine the variation of plantar pressures with shoe wear, and the runner’s subjective sensation. Maximun Plantar Pressures (MMP) were measured from 33 male recreational runners at three times during a training season (beginning, 350 km, and 700 km) using the Biofoot/IBV® in-shoe system (Biofoot/IBV®, Valencia, Spain). All the runners wore the same shoes (New Balance® 738, Boston, MA, USA) during this period, and performed similar training. The zones supporting most pressure at all three study times were the medial (inner) column of the foot and the forefoot. There was a significant increase in pressure on the midfoot over the course of the training season (from 387.8 to 590 kPa, p = 0.003). The runners who felt the worst cushioning under the midfoot were those who had the highest peak pressures in that area (p = 0.002). The New Balance® 738 running shoe effectively maintains the plantar pressure pattern after 700 km of use under all the zones studied except the midfoot, probably due to material fatigue or deficits of the specific cushioning systems in that area.

Effect of Running Shoe Type on the Distribution and Magnitude of Plantar Pressures in Individuals with Low- or High-Arched Feet

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Molloy ◽  
Douglas S. Christie ◽  
Deydre S. Teyhen ◽  
Nancy S. Yeykal ◽  
Bradley S. Tragord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Control ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Arch Height ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
Arch Index

Background: Research addressing the effect of running shoe type on the low- or high-arched foot during gait is limited. We sought 1) to analyze mean plantar pressure and mean contact area differences between low- and high-arched feet across three test conditions, 2) to determine which regions of the foot (rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot) contributed to potential differences in mean plantar pressure and mean contact area, and 3) to determine the association between the static arch height index and the dynamic modified arch index. Methods: Plantar pressure distributions for 75 participants (40 low arched and 35 high arched) were analyzed across three conditions (nonshod, motion control running shoes, and cushioning running shoes) during treadmill walking. Results: In the motion control and cushioning shoe conditions, mean plantar contact area increased in the midfoot (28% for low arched and 68% for high arched), whereas mean plantar pressure decreased by approximately 30% relative to the nonshod condition. There was moderate to good negative correlation between the arch height index and the modified arch index. Conclusions: Cushioning and motion control running shoes tend to increase midfoot mean plantar contact area while decreasing mean plantar pressure across the low- or high-arched foot. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 99(4): 330–338, 2009)

Effect of Neutral-Cushioned Running Shoes on Plantar Pressure Loading and Comfort in Athletes with Cavus Feet

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 2139-2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb Wegener ◽  
Joshua Burns ◽  
Stefania Penkala ◽  
Grad Dip Ex Spr Sc
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Pressure Loading ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Running Shoes

Background High injury rates observed in athletes with cavus feet are thought to be associated with elevated plantar pressure loading. Neutral-cushioned running shoes are often recommended to manage and prevent such injuries. Purpose To investigate in-shoe plantar pressure loading and comfort during running in 2 popular neutral-cushioned running shoes recommended for athletes with cavus feet. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Plantar pressures were collected using the in-shoe Novel Pedar-X system during overground running in 22 athletes with cavus feet in 2 neutral-cushioned running shoes (Asics Nimbus 6 and Brooks Glycerin 3) and a control condition (Dunlop Volley). Comfort was measured using a validated visual analog scale. Results Compared with the control, both neutral-cushioned running shoes significantly reduced peak pressure and pressure-time integrals by 17% to 33% ( P < .001). The Brooks Glycerin most effectively reduced pressure beneath the whole foot and forefoot ( P < .01), and the Asics Nimbus most effectively reduced rearfoot pressure ( P < .01). Both neutral-cushioned running shoes reduced force at the forefoot by 6% and increased it at the midfoot by 12% to 17% ( P < .05). Contact time and area increased in both neutral-cushioned running shoes ( P < .01). The Asics Nimbus was the most comfortable, although both neutral-cushioned running shoes were significantly more comfortable than the control ( P < .001). Conclusion Two popular types of neutral-cushioned running shoes were effective at reducing plantar pressures in athletes with cavus feet. Clinical Relevance Regional differences in pressure reduction suggest neutral-cushioned running shoe recommendation should shift from being categorical in nature to being based on location of injury or elevated plantar pressure.

scholarly journals More Time Spent in Sedentary Behaviors is Associated with Higher Plantar Pressures in Older Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2089
Author(s):  
Mario Kasović ◽  
Lovro Štefan ◽  
Martin Zvonař
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Foot Pain ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Peak Pressures

Background: Although obesity has been consistently correlated with higher plantar pressure during the lifespan, to date little evidence has been provided regarding of how domain-specific and total sedentary behaviors may be correlated with plantar pressures. Moreover, high peak plantar pressures have been consistently associated with foot pain and discomfort, which prevent individuals from being physically active. Therefore, the main purpose of the study was to explore the correlations between time spent in sedentary behaviors and plantar pressures. Methods: We recruited 120 older women aged ≥60 years. To assess the time spent in different domains of sedentary behavior, we used the Measure of Older Adults’ Sedentary Time (MOST) questionnaire. Peak pressures beneath forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot were measured with a Zebris pressure platform. Results: In the unadjusted model, peak pressures were significantly correlated with almost all domain-specific sedentary behaviors (r = 0.15–0.41). Total time spent in sedentary behaviors was significantly correlated with forefoot (r = 0.40, p < 0.001), hindfoot (r = 0.31, p < 0.001) and total peak plantar pressure (r = 0.40, p < 0.001). In a model adjusted for age, the risk of falls, foot pain and gait velocity, similar significant correlations between sedentary behaviors and plantar pressures remained. Conclusions: Our study shows moderate correlation between domain-specific and total time spent in sedentary behaviors and plantar pressure beneath different foot regions in a sample of older women.

Temporal Values and Plantar Pressures during Normal Walking and Racewalking in a Group of Racewalkers

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Adoración Villarroya ◽  
José Antonio Casajús ◽  
José María Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Normal Walking ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Hind Foot ◽  
High Level ◽  
Peak Pressures ◽  
The Impact

Objectives:To compare temporal and pressure values between racewalking and normal walking (freely selected speed) and evaluate the impact of racewalking on normal walking.Design and Participants:Temporal and plantar-pressure values were recorded (xPression system) during normal walking and racewalking in 8 high-level racewalkers. The Wilcoxon test was used for comparisons.Measurements:Duration of walking and racewalking cycle phases (seconds and percentage of the cycle), peak and average pressures under the hind foot and metatarsal heads, and pressure distribution (%) among metatarsal heads.Results and Conclusions:Normal walking: temporal parameters similar to those described in normal gait; peak pressures higher than those described in nonracewalkers with displacement toward lateral forefoot. Racewalking: shorter cycles (important decrease of midstance phase); higher peak pressures than during normal walking in the hind foot and 4th and 5th metatarsal heads; average pressures similar to normal walking in hind foot and lower in forefoot; pressure displacement toward lateral forefoot greater than in normal walking.

Influence of Malalignment of Feet on the Plantar Pressure Pattern in Running

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 624-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Jeanne Louise Sneyers ◽  
Roeland Lysens ◽  
Hilde Feys ◽  
Ruoli Andries
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Pes Cavus ◽  
Pes Planus ◽  
Pressure Pattern ◽  
Relative Load ◽  
And Function ◽  
Peak Pressures

When overuse injuries of the lower limbs are diagnosed in athletes, the architecture and function of the foot should be examined. Foot structure was evaluated in 10 male and 14 female athletes. Based on this examination, the subjects were classified into three groups: pes planus, pes cavus, and pes rectus. While running, the plantar pressure pattern of these athletes was assessed with pressure-measuring insoles. Using these measurements, peak pressures and impulses were calculated for different foot anatomical locations. The plantar heel load was distributed significantly ( P < 0.05) more toward the anterior part of the calcaneus in the pes planus group compared with the normal group. The relative load under the midfoot region was significantly ( P < 0.05) lower in the pes cavus group compared with the other foot types. The relative load of the forefoot was significantly ( P < 0.05) higher in the pes cavus group and lower in the pes planus group. Both feet of an athlete showed a similar plantar pressure pattern. Three successive steps were comparable in terms of impulses, but the peak pressures varied significantly from step to step. The local impulse and peak pressure values obtained in barefoot running differed significantly from the values obtained in running with sport shoes.

Characteristics of Plantar Pressures and Related Pain Profiles in Elite Sprinters and Recreational Runners

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong-Hsien Chow ◽  
Yih-Shyuan Chen ◽  
Jia-Chang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Metatarsal Bone ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Plantar Pressure Measurement ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
Arch Index

Background: Plantar pressure measurement is effective for assessing plantar loading and can be applied to evaluating foot performance. We sought to explore the characteristics of plantar pressures in elite sprinters and recreational runners during static standing and walking. Methods: Arch index (AI) values, regional plantar pressure distributions (PPDs), and footprint characteristics were examined in 80 elite sprinters and 90 recreational runners using an optical plantar pressure measurement system. Elite sprinters' pain profiles were examined to evaluate their most common pain areas. Results: In recreational runners, AI values in males were in the normal range and in females were high arch type. The AI values were significantly lower in elite sprinters than in recreational runners. In elite sprinters, particularly males, the static PPD of both feet was higher at the medial metatarsal bone and the lateral heel and lower at the medial and lateral longitudinal arches. Elite male sprinters' PPD of both feet was mainly transferred to the medial metatarsal bone and decreased at the lateral longitudinal arch and the medial heel during the midstance phase of walking. The lateral knee joint and biceps femoris were the most common sites of musculoskeletal pain in elite sprinters. Conclusions: Elite sprinters' AI values could be classified as high arches, and their PPD tended to parallel the features of runners and high-arched runners. These findings correspond to the profile of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS)–related plantar pressure. The pain profiles seemed to resonate with the symptoms of high-arched runners and PFPS. A possible link between high-arched runners and PFPS warrants further study.

scholarly journals Multistep Measurement of Plantar Pressure Alterations Using Metatarsal Pads

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 654-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
An-Hsiung Chang ◽  
Ziad U. Abu-Faraj ◽  
Gerald F. Harris ◽  
Joe Nery ◽  
Michael J. Shereff
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Metatarsal Head ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Second Metatarsal ◽  
Peak Pressures ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Multiple Step

Metatarsal pads are frequently prescribed for nonoperative management of metatarsalgia due to various etiologies. When appropriately placed, they are effective in reducing pressures under the metatarsal heads on the plantar surface of the foot. Despite the positive clinical reports that have been cited, there are no quantitative studies documenting the load redistribution effects of these pads during multiple step usage within the shoe environment. The objective of this study was to assess changes in plantar pressure metrics resulting from pad use. Ten normal adult male subjects were tested during a series of 400-step trials. Pressures were recorded from eight discrete plantar locations at the hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot regions of the insole. Significant increases in peak pressures, contact durations, and pressure-time integrals were noted at the metatarsal shaft region with pad use ( P ≤ .05). Statistically significant changes in metric values were not seen at the other plantar locations, although metatarsal pad use resulted in mild decreases in mean peak pressures at the first and second metatarsal heads and slight increases laterally. Contact durations decreased at all metatarsal head locations, while pressure-time integrals decreased at the first, second, third, and fourth metatarsal heads. A slight increase in pressure-time integrals was seen at the fifth metatarsal head. The redistribution of plantar pressures tended to relate not only to the dimensions of the metatarsal pads, but also to foot size, anatomic foot configuration, and pad location. Knowledge of these parameters, along with careful control of pad dimensions and placement, allows use of the metatarsal pad as an effective orthotic device for redistributing forefoot plantar pressures.

Foot Function in Patients With Surgically Treated Preaxial Polydactyly of the Foot Compared With Age- and Sex-Matched Healthy Controls

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-421
Author(s):  
Elise B. Burger ◽  
Shaktie A. Lalé ◽  
Steven E. R. Hovius ◽  
Christianne A. van Nieuwenhoven ◽  
Sicco A. Bus
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Foot Function ◽  
Peak Pressures ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Treatment of preaxial foot polydactyly, a duplication of the first ray, consists of excision of an extra ray, aiming to improve shoe fitting and aesthetic appearance, while maintaining foot function. Currently, the effect of excision on foot function and foot-related patient experiences is unclear. Methods: A cross-sectional comparison between 37 children treated for preaxial foot polydactyly and 37 age- and sex-matched healthy controls was performed. Dynamic foot function was assessed using plantar pressure measurements and static foot characteristics by physical examination. Patient-reported outcomes for foot function and footwear were evaluated, using the Oxford Ankle Foot Questionnaire for Children (score, 0-100). Results: Compared with controls, patients had significantly lower median peak pressures at the hallux (148 kPa [IQR, 98-245] vs 272 kPa [IQR, 205-381], P < .001) and significantly higher peak pressures at the second metatarsal (217 kPa [IQR, 147-338] vs 166 kPa [IQR, 141-235], P = .002) and third to fifth metatarsals (214 kPa [IQR, 147-290] vs 161 kPa [IQR, 135-235], P < .001). Additionally, patients had a more medially deviated hallux, both while seated (15 degrees (IQR, 11-20) vs 12 degrees [IQR, 10-15], P = .001) and standing (20 degrees [IQR, 15-26] vs 18 degrees [IQR, 15-20], P = .001). No significant correlation between peak pressure distribution and hallux deviation was found. Patients reported minimal problems with foot function (87.5 [IQR, 64.6-100]), but distinct problems with footwear use (50.0 [IQR, 25.0-100]). Conclusion: Patients with surgically treated preaxial foot polydactyly had a substantially altered plantar pressure distribution with more lateral foot progression than healthy controls. Although an increased hallux deviation was not related to altered foot function, it seemed to be the reason for the patient-perceived problems with footwear. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative series.

Abrasion wear analysis in running shoes using a gridded methodology with CIE-L-a-b colour identification

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-341
Author(s):  
Glen Lim Chun Yee ◽  
Yeo Joon Hock ◽  
Tsuyoshi Nishiwaki ◽  
Kenta Moriyasu ◽  
Kenichi Harano
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Wear Analysis ◽  
Abrasion Wear ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
Colour System ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Shoe Wear ◽  
Running Schedule ◽  
Physical Formula

Wear identification and projection have eluded shoe manufacturers due to the myriad of factors that affect the abrasion wear of shoes. Using a gridded three-dimensional cloud comparison in CloudCompare software, abrasion wear thickness of shoes was identified using the CIE-L-a-b colour system that is interpolated with the physical formula representation of colours. After obtaining the thickness lost, other wear factors like the material properties of the shoe sole, the runners’ personal profile and the running schedule were combined for wear projection. The methodological process from a non-destructive wear detection to wear projection allows shoe manufacturers to reduce the iterations of wear testing while maximizing the entire analysis of shoe wear. Shoe samples were kindly sponsored by ASICS Institute of Sport Science.

scholarly journals Analysis of Gait and Footprint in Patients with Hallux Valgus

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0026
Author(s):  
Naoya Ito ◽  
Akinobu Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pressure Pattern ◽  
Valgus Angle ◽  
Severe Group

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Hallux valgus (HV) is one of the most common forefoot problems. HV is defined as a hallux valgus angle of more than twenty degrees. HV can lead to alterations of the plantar pressure pattern and clinical gait. This study examined the relationship between gait alterations and HV deformities. Methods: We examined 500 residents (161 men and 339 women; >50 years of age) of Miyagawa village in Mie, Japan in 2009, 2011 and 2013. They performed a 6-meter walk test at normal and maximum speed. We examined gait speed, the number of steps, and footprint between patients with normal (HV angle <20; n=350) and HV (HV angle >20; n=150), and between normal-to-mild (HV angle <30; n=436) and moderate-to-severe (HV angle >30; n=64). Their plantar pressure patterns were measured using a gait analyzer (Walk Way MW 1000; Anima, Tokyo, Japan, Figure.1). Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square test according to sex and use of the hallux ball; the t-test according to age, height, and weight; and logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, and height according to gait speed and the number of steps. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: With regard to the plantar pressure pattern, the percentage of subjects in the HV group who left a footprint of the hallux ball was significantly lower than that in the normal group. The percentage of subjects in the moderate-to-severe group who left a footprint of the hallux ball was even lower. Analysis of the footprint revealed that the HV group used the hallux ball significantly less during toe-off than the normal group. At both normal and maximum speed, the number of steps and gait speed did not differ significantly between the normal and HV groups. However, when we compared normal-to-mild and moderate-to-severe groups, the number of steps in the moderate-to-severe group was significantly greater than in the normal-to-mild group at maximum walking speed. Conclusion: Analysis of the footprint revealed that the percentage of subjects in the HV group who was able to use the hallux ball during toe-off was significantly less than that in the normal group. The percentage of subjects in the moderate-to-severe group who could use the hallux ball in toe-off was even lower. HV can cause footprint alterations. Moderate-to-severe HV can cause not only footprint alterations but also gait alterations, especially when walking at maximum speed.

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