Epidemiological Features and Risk Factors for Acquiring Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Syphilis in HIV-Infected Patients in Shaanxi Province, Northwest China

Abstract Background HIV-infected patients are at higher risk for co-infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Treponema pallidum (TP), the agent causing syphilis, than the general population. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, and syphilis had geographic differences and varied from region to region among HIV-infected patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological features and risk factors of HBV, HCV, and syphilis infection in HIV-infected individuals in Shaanxi Province, northwest China. Methods A retrospective study was conducted with HIV-infected patients from June 2011 to June 2016 in Shaanxi Province. Sociodemographic data was captured from the national HIV/AIDS information system in China. Serological tests and analysis of CD4+ T-cell count levels were performed using standard procedures. Besides, the HIV infection time and age were presumed by CD4+ T-cell count levels. Results The average time from HIV infection to diagnosis was (4.7±2.4) years, and the HIV infection time ≥3 years accounted for 66.8%. Of the discovery routes, voluntary counseling & testing (VCT) only accounted for 20.7%. Among 1018 HIV-infected patients, the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and syphilis was 11.0%, 11.1%, and 26.0%, respectively. HBV-HCV, HCV-syphilis, HBV-syphilis, and HBV-HCV-syphilis co-infection was 1.7%, 2.2%, 2.6%, and 0.1%, respectively. The rate of ineffective vaccination against HBV was as high as 30.2% in HIV-infected patients. Ethnicity (OR=29.257, 95%CI: 11.243-76.133) and HIV transmission routes (OR=149.368, 95%CI: 16.590-1 344.861) were the risk factors of HCV infection in HIV-infected patients. In the HIV-infected patients with the antibody of Treponema pallidum, the rate of homosexual transmission was so higher but heterosexual transmission is lower (OR=0.548 95% CI: 0.382-0.786), suggesting that homosexual transmission might be a risk factor for HIV-syphilis co-infection. Conclusion The HIV-infected patients in Shaanxi Province had the characteristics of low active detection rate and late diagnosis. In addition, a high prevalence of HBV, HCV, and syphilis co-infection could be observed, and like HIV infection, they might not understand their HBV, HCV and syphilis infection status. At last, the high rate of ineffective vaccination against HBV suggests a need for improved vaccination services.

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Epidemiological features and risk factors for acquiring Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and syphilis in HIV-infected patients in Shaanxi Province, northwest China

10.21203/rs.2.9679/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Chao Zhang ◽

Wenhui Chang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Treponema Pallidum ◽

Northwest China ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Shaanxi Province ◽

Syphilis Infection ◽

Epidemiological Features ◽

Homosexual Transmission ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

Abstract Background HIV-infected patients are at higher risk for co-infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Treponema pallidum (TP), the agent causing syphilis, than the general population. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, and syphilis had geographic differences and varied from region to region among HIV-infected patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological features and risk factors of HBV, HCV, and syphilis infection in HIV-infected individuals in Shaanxi Province, northwest China. Methods A retrospective study was conducted with HIV-infected patients from June 2011 to June 2016 in Shaanxi Province. Sociodemographic data was captured from the national HIV/AIDS information system in China. Serological tests and analysis of CD4+ T-cell count levels were performed using standard procedures. Besides, the HIV infection time and age were presumed by CD4+ T-cell count levels. Results The average time from HIV infection to diagnosis was (4.7±2.4) years, and the HIV infection time ≥3 years accounted for 66.8%. Of the discovery routes, voluntary counseling & testing (VCT) only accounted for 20.7%. Among 1018 HIV-infected patients, the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and syphilis was 11.0%, 11.1%, and 26.0%, respectively. HBV-HCV, HCV-syphilis, HBV-syphilis, and HBV-HCV-syphilis co-infection was 1.7%, 2.2%, 2.6%, and 0.1%, respectively. The rate of ineffective vaccination against HBV was as high as 30.2% in HIV-infected patients. Ethnicity (OR=29.257, 95%CI: 11.243-76.133) and HIV transmission routes (OR=149.368, 95%CI: 16.590-1 344.861) were the risk factors of HCV infection in HIV-infected patients. In the HIV-infected patients with the antibody of Treponema pallidum, the rate of homosexual transmission was so higher but heterosexual transmission is lower (OR=0.548 95% CI: 0.382-0.786), suggesting that homosexual transmission might be a risk factor for HIV-syphilis co-infection. Conclusion The HIV-infected patients in Shaanxi Province had the characteristics of low active detection rate and late diagnosis. In addition, a high prevalence of HBV, HCV, and syphilis co-infection could be observed, and like HIV infection, they might not understand their HBV, HCV and syphilis infection status. At last, the high rate of ineffective vaccination against HBV suggests a need for improved vaccination services.

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Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum,Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus in the Maraj? Archipelago, Brazilian Amazon

Journal of Community Medicine & Health Education ◽

10.4172/2161-0711.1000643 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 09 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Ferreira GRON ◽

Freitas FB ◽

Queiroz MAF ◽

Lima SS ◽

Vallinoto ACR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Treponema Pallidum ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

B Virus

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Simultaneous determination of HIV antibodies, hepatitis C antibodies, and hepatitis B antigens in dried blood spots –a feasibility study using a multi-analyte immunoassay

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm.2005.023 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Zoltan Lukacs ◽

Alexandra Dietrich ◽

Rainer Ganschow ◽

Alfried Kohlschütter ◽

Rudolf Kruithof

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Simultaneous Detection ◽

Dried Blood Spots ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Blood Spots ◽

Hiv Positive Mothers ◽

Hiv Antibodies ◽

Hepatitis B Antigens ◽

Antibody Levels

AbstractHIV in particular, as well as hepatitis B and C, present a burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Early detection of these diseases may prevent further infections and improve the outcome for patients. In particular, transmission of HIV from mother to child can be significantly reduced when preventive measures are taken before birth. We have developed and optimized a method for the simultaneous detection of HIV 1 and hepatitis B and C from dried blood specimensusing the Luminex multi-analyte profiling technology (LabMap). Dried blood spots provide a convenient method for mailing, analysis and storage of samples. Specimens from known HIV-positive children (n=46) as well as hepatitis B- (n=8) and hepatitis C-positive patients (n=7) tested positive in our assay. Storage for up to 10years did not interfere with the test in the case of HIV-positive patients. Results for five different antibodies and one antigen were obtained in approximately 80seconds. Furthermore, antibody levels in infants of HIV-positive mothers were monitored over a period of 1year. Antibodies were no longer detectable after 260–360days, which compared well with results independently obtained by ELISA and Western blot analysis. We demonstrated the feasibility of the simultaneous detection of infectious diseases from dried blood. Our novel method also provides a convenient tool for monitoring children from HIV-positive mothers and for possible screening efforts.

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Characteristics of Hepatitis B virus induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptian patients

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab107.006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Eman Mahmoud Fathy Barakat ◽

Khalid Mahmoud AbdAlaziz ◽

Mohamed Mahmoud Mahmoud El Tabbakh ◽

Mohamed Kamal Alden Ali

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

The United States ◽

Age Difference ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Incidence And Mortality

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In the United States, HCC is the ninth leading cause of cancer deaths. Despite advances in prevention techniques, screening, and new technologies in both diagnosis and treatment, incidence and mortality continue to rise. Cirrhosis remains the most important risk factor for the development of HCC regardless of etiology. Hepatitis B and C are independent risk factors for the development of cirrhosis. Alcohol consumption remains an important additional risk factor in the United States as alcohol abuse is five times higher than hepatitis C. Diagnosis is confirmed without pathologic confirmation. Screening includes both radiologic tests, such as ultrasound, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, and serological markers such as αfetoprotein at 6-month interval. Aim To compare characteristics and behavior of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic HCV patients and HVB patients Patients and Methods The current study was conducted on patients with de HCC presented at HCC clinic, Tropical medicine department Ain Shams University Hospitals between December 2017 and D ecember 2018, aged (18-70 years old) . Results eline characteristics of study population shown in Table 1 at enrolment, including gender, Education status, co-morbidity, underlying presence or absence of cirrhosis, Child-Pugh class of patients infected with viral hepatitis, and alpha-fetoprotein levels. Male proportion observed to be predominant in both HCV (62%) and HBV (75.4%) infected HCC population. Overall prevalence of HCV and HBV in patients having HCC was 65.95% and 34.04%, respectively. Presence of underlying liver cirrhosis was more significantly associated with HCV seropositives as compared to HBV seropositive patients (p0.05). Table 2 shows comparison of means between HCV and HBV seropositive patients with HCC. In univariate analysis, mean age difference (11.6 years), and total bilirubin levels (-1.91mg/dl) were the only statistically significant observations noted among HCV-HCC group (p = 0.05) Conclusion Hepatocellular carcinoma is mainly caused by Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B viruses, but latter showed predominance, comparatively worldwide and correlated HBV directly as a cause of HCC rather than HCV whose relation with HCC is still unclear (Shepard et al., 2006; Di Bisceglie, 2009). Because of the geographical differences and risk factors, the epidemiological burden of HCV and HBV has been observed different in different areas of the world. In developing countries due to high burden of HCV infection as compared to HBV such as in Taiwan (HCV 17.0%, HBV 13.8%) (Kao et al., 2011), Guam (HCV 19.6%, HBV 18%) (Haddock et al., 2013), and Pakistan (HCV 4.8%, HBV 2.5%) (Rehman et al., 1996; Raza et al., 2007; Qureshi et al., 2010; Butt et al., 2012;) will possibly

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Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The Open Virology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874357901812010026 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 26-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Arnolfo Petruzziello

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Liver Cancers ◽

B Virus

Introduction:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent primary malignant tumors and accounts for about 90% of all primary liver cancers. Its distribution varies greatly according to geographic location and it is more common in middle and low- income countries than in developed ones especially in Eastern Asia and Sub Saharan Africa (70% of all new HCCs worldwide), with incidence rates of over 20 per 100,000 individuals.Explanation:The most important risk factors for HCC are Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection, excessive consumption of alcohol and exposition to aflatoxin B1. Its geographic variability and heterogeneity have been widely associated with the different distribution of HBV and HCV infections worldwide.Chronic HBV infection is one of the leading risk factors for HCC globally accounting for at least 50% cases of primary liver tumors worldwide. Generally, while HBV is the main causative agent in the high incidence HCC areas, HCV is the major etiological factor in low incidence HCC areas, like Western Europe and North America.Conclusion:HBV-induced HCC is a complex, stepwise process that includes integration of HBV DNA into host DNA at multiple or single sites. On the contrary, the cancerogenesis mechanism of HCV is not completely known and it still remains controversial as to whether HCV itself plays a direct role in the development of tumorigenic progression.

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Sero-epidemiology and risk factors of syphilis in Makassar, Indonesia

Serbian Journal of Dermatology and Venerology ◽

10.2478/sjdv-2019-0006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 43-49

Author(s):

Maryam Kusumawaty ◽

Khairuddin Djawad ◽

Muh Nasrum Massi ◽

Andi Muhammad Adam ◽

Siswanto Wahab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Treponema Pallidum ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sexual Relationships ◽

Capital City ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Transmitted Infection ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Introduction. Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum spirochete and is mainly transmitted by sexual contact. Syphilis has the potential to cause serious complications and is closely related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection thus making syphilis still a major public health problem. In Indonesia, surveys of high-risk populations in 2007 and 2011 reported an increase in the prevalence of syphilis, especially in men who have sexual relationships with other men (MSM). Moreover, studies have described risk factors for HIV transmission including MSM, heterosexual contacts, Intravenous (IV) drug use, and infected partners. Objectives. To assess the epidemiological aspects and risk factors for syphilis in Makassar, as well as the correlation with a coinfection of other sexually transmitted infections. Material and Methods. This study is a multi-centre cross-sectional descriptive study with consecutive sampling. We evaluated cases for eligibility by confirming the diagnosis based on the serological result using rapid plasma reagin assay (RPR), Treponema pallidum haemagglutination (TPHA), and HIV screening kit. The cases were analyzed based on epidemiological features, risk factors and clinical findings, co-infection with other sexually transmitted infection (ST), and stadium of the disease. Results. A total of 79 serologically confirmed syphilis cases were collected between January 2017 and December 2018 in Makassar, the capital city of South Sulawesi province in Indonesia. Of the 63 male subjects (79.7%), 38 (48.1%) were homosexual/MSM, and in 41 cases of HIV-infected subjects, 25 (60.9%) of them were also MSM. Conclusion. Our study showed there was a significant correlation between syphilis and an increased risk of HIV transmission in MSM groups. The higher number of cases of syphilis and HIV co-infection among MSM can increase transmission of both infections and should be considered a major risk factor for syphilis in Makassar.

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