scholarly journals Incidence of Anorexia Nervosa in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3824
Author(s):  
Leticia Martínez-González ◽  
Tania Fernández-Villa ◽  
Antonio José Molina ◽  
Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez ◽  
Vicente Martín
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) among the general population is a rare but often fatal illness. Objective: To summarize the incidence of AN using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Four online databases (PubMed, Scopus, WoS and Embase) were consulted. The review was conducted according to with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was limited to women. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results: A total of 31 articles were included in the study. The incidence rate of AN ranged from 0.5 to 318.0 cases per 100,000 women–years. The incidence in studies based on outpatient healthcare services (OHS) was higher than those based on hospital admissions (HA) (8.8 95% CI: 7.83–9.80 vs. 5.0 95% CI: 4.87–5.05). In young women, the incidence in OHS was higher than HA (63.7, 95% CI 61.21–66.12 vs. 8.1 95% CI 7.60–8.53). The linear trend in the incidence of AN was increasing in all ages of women and young women, both in studies with hospital admission records, and in those based on outpatient healthcare services. Conclusion: The incidence of AN depends on the methodology, the type of population and the diagnostic criteria used.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Gambling Problems and the Five-Factor Model of Personality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rune Strømme ◽  
Karine Holthe Børstad ◽  
Andrea Eftang Rø ◽  
Eilin Kristine Erevik ◽  
Dominic Sagoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Trim And Fill ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objectives: The aim of the present meta-analysis was to synthesize results from the association between problem gambling (PG) and dimensions of the five factor model of personality and to identify potential moderators (gambling diagnosis: yes/no, comorbidity: yes/no and trait assessment: four or fewer items vs. five items or more) of these associations in meta-regressions.Methods: Searches were conducted in six databases; Medline, Web of Science, PsychInfo, Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and Cochrane Library (conducted on February, 22, 2021). Included studies: (1) reported a relationship between PG and at least one of the personality traits in the five-factor model, (2) contained information of zero-order correlations or sufficient data for such calculations, and (3) were original articles published in any European language. Case-studies, qualitative studies, and reviews were excluded. All articles were independently screened by two authors. Final agreement was reached through discussion or by consulting a third author. Risk of bias of the included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data were synthesized using a random effects model.Results: In total 28 studies, comprising 20,587 participants, were included. The correlations between PG and the traits were as follows: Neuroticism: 0.273 (95% CI = 0.182, 0.358), conscientiousness −0.296 (95% CI = −0.400, −0.185), agreeableness −0.163 (95% CI = −0.223, −0.101), openness −0.219 (95% CI = −0.308, −0.127), and extroversion −0.083 (95% CI = −0.120, −0.046). For all meta-analyses the between study heterogeneity was significant. Presence of gambling diagnosis was the only moderator that significantly explained between-study variance showing a more negative correlation to extroversion when participants had a gambling diagnosis compared to when this was not the case.Discussion: The results indicated some publication bias. Correcting for this by a trim-and-fill procedure showed however that the findings were consistent. Clinicians and researchers should be aware of the associations between personality traits and PG. Previous studies have for example showed neuroticism to be related to treatment relapse, low scores on conscientiousness to predict treatment drop-out and agreeableness to reduce risk of treatment drop-out.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42021237225).

scholarly journals Association of age and colostrum discarding with exclusive breastfeeding in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analyses

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisay Mulugeta Alemu ◽  
Yihun Mulugeta Alemu ◽  
Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Timely Initiation ◽  
Maternal Caregivers ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractIntroductionEven though optimal breastfeeding is important, significantly low percentage of mothers’ initiate breastfeeding timely and maintain exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. The aim of this meta-analyses and systematic review was to investigate whether maternal/caregivers’ age, infant age (0-6 months) and discarding colostrum affects timely initiation of breastfeeding (TIBF) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in Ethiopia.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, CINHAL, Web of Science and WHO Global Health Library electronic databases was done for all English published articles from 2000 to January 2018, supplemented by manual search of identified articles and grey literatures bibliographies. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted and graded the quality studies using Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 and Cochran Chi-square statistics. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model meta-analysis was done.ResultA total of 37 articles (i.e., 14 studies on TIBF and 23 on EBF) were included. TIBF was associated with colostrum discarding (Odds ratio (OR) = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.21-0.68) but not with maternal/caregivers’ age (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.83-1.15). In addition, colostrum discarding (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.37-0.84) and infant age (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.45-2.39) were significantly associated with EBF but not maternal/caregivers’ age (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.81-1.40).ConclusionThis meta-analyses indicated absence of association between maternal/caregivers’ age and breastfeeding practice. Colostrum discarding was associated with both EBF and TIBE. This evidence could be helpful to counsel all reproductive age mothers and who discard colostrum.

Cardiac abnormalities identified with echocardiography in anorexia nervosa: systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jodie Smythe ◽  
Claire Colebourn ◽  
Lara Prisco ◽  
Tatjana Petrinic ◽  
Paul Leeson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Abnormalities ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Reported Data

Background Anorexia nervosa affects most organ systems, with 80% suffering from cardiovascular complications. Aims To define echocardiographic abnormalities in anorexia nervosa through systematic review and meta-analysis. Method Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility of publications from Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews registries. Studies were included if anorexia nervosa was the primary eating disorder and the main clinical association in described cardiac abnormalities. Data was extracted in duplicate and quality-assessed with a modified Newcastle–Ottawa scale. For continuous outcomes we calculated mean and standardised mean difference (SMD), and corresponding 95% confidence interval. For dichotomous outcomes we calculated proportion and corresponding 95% confidence interval. For qualitative data we summarised the studies. Results We identified 23 eligible studies totalling 960 patients, with a mean age of 17 years and mean body mass index of 15.2 kg/m2. Fourteen studies (469 participants) reported data suitable for meta-analysis. Cardiac abnormalities seen in anorexia nervosa compared with healthy controls were reduced left ventricular mass (SMD 1.82, 95% CI 1.32–2.31, P < 0.001), reduced cardiac output (SMD 1.92, 95% CI 1.38–2.45, P < 0.001), increased E/A ratio (SMD −1.10, 95% CI −1.67 to −0.54, P < 0.001), and increased incidence of pericardial effusions (25% of patients, P < 0.01, 95% CI 17–34%, I2 = 80%). Trends toward improvement were seen with weight restoration. Conclusions Patients with anorexia nervosa have structural and functional cardiac changes, identifiable with echocardiography. Further work should determine whether echocardiography can help stratify severity and guide safe patient location, management and effectiveness of nutritional rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Comparison of 3-Factor Versus 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate For Emergent Warfarin Reversal: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Margraf ◽  
Sarah J Brown ◽  
Heather L Blue ◽  
Tamara L Bezdicek ◽  
Julian Wolfson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Warfarin Reversal ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Analysis Models

Abstract Background: Patients requiring emergent warfarin reversal (EWR) have been prescribed three-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC3) and four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC4) to reverse the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. There is no existing systematic review and meta-analysis of studies directly comparing PCC3 and PCC4. Methods: The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the effectiveness of achieving study defined target INR goal after PCC3 or PCC4 administration. Secondary objectives were to determine the difference in safety endpoints, thromboembolic events (TE), and survival during the patients’ hospital stay. Random-effects meta-analysis models were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR), and heterogeneity associated with the outcomes. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality, and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Results: Ten full-text manuscripts and 5 abstracts provided data for the primary and secondary outcomes. Patients requiring emergent warfarin reversal had more than three times the odds of reversal to goal INR when they were given PCC4 compared to PCC3 (OR = 3.61, 95% CI: 1.97-6.60, p < 0.001). There was no meaningful clinical association or statistically significant result between PCC4 and PCC3 groups in TE (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 0.83-2.91, p = 0.17), or survival during hospital stay (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 0.81-2.23, p = 0.25). Conclusion: PCC4 is more effective than PCC3 in meeting specific predefined INR goals, and has similar safety profiles in patients requiring emergent reversal of the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Dysphagia and Associated Pneumonia in Patients With Stroke From India: A Call to Arms

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Rahul Krishnamurthy ◽  
Radish Kumar Balasubramanium ◽  
Priya Karimuddanahalli Premkumar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of reported dysphagia and associated pneumonia risk among patients with stroke in India. Method: We carried out a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The primary outcome of interest was dysphagia and pneumonia among patients with stroke in India. Two review authors independently assessed the quality of studies using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and extracted related data. Meta-analysis was performed for frequency of dysphagia, associated pneumonia, and its relative risk using a random-effects model. Statistical heterogeneity was computed using the I 2 index. Results: A total of 3,644 titles were screened, and only eight studies met our inclusion criteria. Based on data from these studies, we calculated the pooled prevalence of dysphagia (47.71%; 95% confidence interval [CI] [20.49%, 70.92%], p < .001) and pneumonia (20.43%; 95% CI [10.73%, 30.14%], p < .001) for patients with stroke in India. We found that the relative risks of pneumonia in patients with stroke and dysphagia versus those patients with stroke and no dysphagia was 9.41 (95% CI [5.60, 15.80], p < .001). Data on length of hospital stay and rates of mortality secondary to pneumonia are also presented. Conclusions: Despite the high incidence of dysphagia and associated pneumonia, the methodological quality of studies is fair and there is little research focused on epidemiological data. We call to arms to those SLPs working with patients with stroke in India to become proactive in both clinical practice and research domains. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.17701022

scholarly journals Long-Term Nightshift Work and Breast Cancer Risk: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Special Attention to Menopausal Status and to Recent Nightshift Work

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5952
Author(s):  
Christine Schwarz ◽  
Ana María Pedraza-Flechas ◽  
Roberto Pastor-Barriuso ◽  
Virginia Lope ◽  
Nerea Fernández de Larrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Ottawa Scale

This systematic review discusses long-term NSW and female BC risk, with special attention to differences between pre- and postmenopausal BC, to test the association with recent NSW. The review follows PRISMA guidelines (Prospero registry: CRD42018102515). We searched PubMed, Embase, and WOS for case–control, nested case–control, and cohort studies addressing long-term NSW (≥15 years) as risk exposure and female BC as outcome until 31 December 2020. Risk of bias was evaluated with the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Eighteen studies were finally included (eight cohorts; five nested case–control; five case–control). We performed meta-analyses on long-term NSW and BC risk; overall and by menopausal status; a subanalysis on recent long-term NSW, based on studies involving predominantly women below retirement age; and a dose–response meta-analysis on NSW duration. The pooled estimate for long-term NSW and BC was 1.13 (95%CI = 1.01–1.27; 18 studies, I2 = 56.8%, p = 0.002). BC risk increased 4.7% per 10 years of NSW (95%CI = 0.94–1.09; 16 studies, I2 = 33.4%, p = 0.008). The pooled estimate for premenopausal BC was 1.27 (95%CI = 0.96–1.68; six studies, I2 = 32.0%, p = 0.196) and for postmenopausal BC 1.05 (95%CI = 0.90–1.24,I2 = 52.4%; seven studies, p = 0.050). For recent long-term exposure, the pooled estimate was 1.23 (95%CI = 1.06–1.42; 15 studies; I2 = 48.4%, p = 0.018). Our results indicate that long-term NSW increases the risk for BC and that menopausal status and time since exposure might be relevant.

scholarly journals Association between climate conditions and osteoarthritis: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Wang ◽  
Qinguang Xu ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Yan Xue ◽  
Ding Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, causing by multiple factors. It has long been a belief that arthritis pain is influenced by the weather. However, scientific studies have documented inconsistent results. To date, neither systematic review nor meta-analysis of existing findings has comprehensively considered their relations. The present study will critically appraise and synthesize the existing evidence from observational studies that examined the relationship between certain climate conditions and OA. Methods and design: This protocol will be conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. There are no restrictions on the study date or publication status for searches in the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, and other relative databases. All eligible observational studies will be included, with weather conditions as effect factors and OA symptom or imaging abnormality as outcomes. Two reviewers will be responsible for data extraction and analysis. Risk of bias and quality appraisal will be performed for the included studies using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta-analysis will be conducted using Rev Man V.5.3 with the associations between weather conditions and OA presented by odds ratios (ORs), relative risks (RRs), hazard ratios (HRs) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results This systematic review and meta-analysis will present the overall association between weather conditions and OA. The association of climate factors influencing OA incidence or progression would be further illustrated in subgroup analysis depending on whether that has been extensively described in the literature. Discussion This study will provide the analysis evidence on the effect of meteorological factors on OA. In an approach of dealing with weather conditions, the results will benefit the daily management of OA.

scholarly journals The prevalence of substance use disorders and substance use in anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Devoe ◽  
Gina Dimitropoulos ◽  
Alida Anderson ◽  
Anees Bahji ◽  
Jordyn Flanagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
English Summary ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Aim Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) often present with substance use and substance use disorders (SUDs). However, the prevalence of substance use and SUDs in AN has not been studied in-depth, especially the differences in the prevalence of SUDs between AN types [e.g., AN-R (restrictive type) and AN-BP (binge-eating/purge type]. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of SUDs and substance use in AN samples. Method Systematic database searches of the peer-reviewed literature were conducted in the following online databases: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL from inception to January 2021. We restricted review eligibility to peer-reviewed research studies reporting the prevalence for either SUDs or substance use in individuals with AN. Random-effects meta-analyses using Freeman–Tukey double arcsine transformations were performed on eligible studies to estimate pooled proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Fifty-two studies met the inclusion criteria, including 14,695 individuals identified as having AN (mean age: 22.82 years). Random pooled estimates showed that substance use disorders had a 16% prevalence in those with AN (AN-BP = 18% vs. AN-R = 7%). Drug abuse/dependence disorders had a prevalence of 7% in AN (AN-BP = 9% vs. AN-R = 5%). In studies that looked at specific abuse/dependence disorders, there was a 10% prevalence of alcohol abuse/dependence in AN (AN-BP = 15% vs. AN-R = 3%) and a 6% prevalence of cannabis abuse/dependence (AN-BP = 4% vs. AN-R = 0%). In addition, in terms of substance use, there was a 37% prevalence for caffeine use, 29% prevalence for alcohol use, 25% for tobacco use, and 14% for cannabis use in individuals with AN. Conclusion This is the most comprehensive meta-analysis on the comorbid prevalence of SUDs and substance use in persons with AN, with an overall pooled prevalence of 16%. Comorbid SUDs, including drugs, alcohol, and cannabis, were all more common in AN-BP compared to AN-R throughout. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the high prevalence of SUD comorbidity and substance use in individuals with AN. Finally, clinicians should consider screening for SUDs and integrating treatments that target SUDs in individuals with AN. Plain English Summary Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) may also present with substance use or have a substance use disorder (SUDs). Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of substance use and substance use disorders in individuals with AN. We examined published studies that reported the prevalence of either substance use or SUDs in individuals with AN. We found that substance use disorders had a 16% prevalence and that drug abuse/dependence disorders had a prevalence of 7% in those with AN. These rates were much higher in individuals with binge-eating/purging type compared to the restrictive AN. However, many specific substance use disorders and substance use types were low in individuals with AN. Nonetheless, clinicians should be aware of the high prevalence of SUD comorbidity and substance use in individuals with AN.

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