scholarly journals Relationship between Lipid Profiles and Glycemic Control Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Qingdao, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5317
Author(s):  
Shukang Wang ◽  
Xiaokang Ji ◽  
Zhentang Zhang ◽  
Fuzhong Xue
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was the best indicator of glycemic control, which did not show the dynamic relationship between glycemic control and lipid profiles. In order to guide the health management of Type 2 diabetes (T2D), we assessed the levels of lipid profiles and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and displayed the relationship between FPG control and lipid profiles. We conducted a cross-sectional study that included 5822 participants. Descriptive statistics were conducted according to gender and glycemic status respectively. Comparisons for the control of lipid profiles were conducted according to glycemic control. Four logistic regression models were generated to analyze the relationship between lipid profiles and glycemic control according to different confounding factors. The metabolic control percentage of FPG, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was 27.50%, 73.10%, 28.10%, 64.20% and 44.80% respectively. In the fourth model with the most confounding factors, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C were 0.989 (0.935, 1.046), 0.862 (0.823, 0.903), 0.987 (0.920, 1.060) and 2.173 (1.761, 2.683). TC and HDL-C were statistically significant, and TG and LDL-C were not statistically significant with adjustment for different confounding factors. In conclusion, FPG was significantly associated with HDL and TC and was not associated with LDL and TG. Our findings suggested that TC and HDL should be focused on in the process of T2D health management.

Clinical Efficacy of Colesevelam in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Brunetti ◽  
R. Keith Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Tolerability Profile ◽  
Diet And Exercise

Purpose: The clinical experience and role in therapy of colesevelam in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is discussed. Summary: Colesevelam HCl is a bile acid sequestrant (BAS) with proven efficacy in reducing elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients with primary hyperlipidemia. Colesevelam HCl gained food and drug administration (FDA) approval in 2008 as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with T2DM. In randomized controlled studies, colesevelam (add-on therapy with metformin, sulfonylureas, and insulin) has shown significant percentage reductions in glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ranging from 0.5% to 0.54%. Reductions in LDL-C and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) ranging from –12.8% to –16.7% and –4.0% to –10.3%, respectively, were also observed. Although no direct comparisons have been made, the safety and tolerability profile of this agent appears to be better than other BAS, with the most common side effects being gastrointestinal related. Conclusion: Colesevelam is effective as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with T2DM. Due to its effects upon LDL-C and glycemic parameters and favorable safety profile, colesevelam can play a role in an array of T2DM patients.

scholarly journals Effects of an Herbal Combination on Glycemic Control and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 798-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyhaneh Shokoohi ◽  
Saeed Kianbakht ◽  
Mohammad Faramarzi ◽  
Masoud Rahmanian ◽  
Farzaneh Nabati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

The present study was conducted to explore the efficacy and safety of a herbal combination in the treatment of women with hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetes. The herbal combination capsule (600 mg) contained Terminalia chebula fruit extract (200 mg), Commiphora mukul (200 mg), and Commiphora myrrha oleo-gum-resin (200 mg), and the placebo capsule contained 600 mg toast powder. The patients in one group took the herbal combination and those in the other group took placebo capsules 3 times a day for 3 months. In the herbal combination–treated patients, the fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were decreased and hidh-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels was increased significantly at the endpoint compared with the placebo and baseline. Other blood parameters such as glycosylated hemoglobin, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, SGOT, and SGPT levels were not significantly changed after 3 months in both groups. In conclusion, the herbal combination improves glycemic control and lipid profile in women with hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetes without any adverse events.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Perirenal Fat Thickness and Reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yuan Fang ◽  
Yuechao Xu ◽  
Yuxian Yang ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Dong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Perirenal Fat

Background. Obesity has been considered as an important factor in the development and progression of chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Perirenal fat, which is surrounding the kidneys, has been reported to be unique in anatomy and biological functions. This study is aimed at assessing the relationship between perirenal fat thickness (PrFT) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods. A total of 171 patients with T2DM were recruited in the study. The basic and clinical characteristics including sex, age, diabetes duration, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), visceral fat area (VFA), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum uric acid (UA), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were collected. PrFT was measured via ultrasound. eGFR was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. Results. Patients were divided into three groups according to PrFT, and we found patients with higher PrFT had lower eGFR. PrFT was significantly correlated with eGFR in all patients r=−0.181,P<0.05. Subgroup analysis by sex showed that PrFT still significantly and negatively related to eGFR in men r=−0.264,P<0.05, but not in women (r=−0.199, P=0.062). The association also existed in multivariate analysis after correction for the confounding factors β=−0.203,P=0.017. Conclusions. This study confirmed a negative independent relationship between PrFT and eGFR in patients with T2DM, especially in men, suggesting a possible role of perirenal fat in kidney dysfunction in T2DM patients.

scholarly journals Dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Poor Glycemic Control: Relationship Between HbA1c and Lipid Profile.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiwen Xu ◽  
Shuang Qiu ◽  
Xiaodan Yuan ◽  
Yan Zou ◽  
En Takashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cutoff Values

Abstract Aims: This study identified the lipid profile across a full range of poor glycemic control and the association between lipid profiles with different specific glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) cutoffs in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods: A total of 1183 T2DM patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1c>7%) selected through convenience sampling in three hospitals of Jiangsu province were surveyed during April 2018 and July 2019. Dyslipidemia was defined according to criteria of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III).Results: The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 55.2 % overall. Of 1183 subjects, 13.0% had high total cholesterol (TC), 33.1% had low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), 9.9% had high low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and 28.4% had high triglycerides (TG) concentrations. There was an increase in frequency of dyslipidemia in patients with different cutoff values of HbA1c (P<0.05). The prevalence of high TC was closely related with different cutoff values of HbA1c (adjusted OR =1.77, 2.56 3.82, respectively). Patients with HbA1c values 9%≤HbA1c<11% and HbA1c≥13% had significantly higher prevalence of dyslipidemia compared with the patients who had 7≤HbA1c<9%.Conclusion: T2DM patients with 9%≤HbA1c<11% and HbA1c≥13% tend to have moderate and severe dyslipidemia respectively, suggesting the importance of glycemic control in normalizing dyslipidemia.

scholarly journals Hypoglycemic Agents and Changes in Oxidative Stress Indices, Electrolytes, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
Augusta Chinyere Nsonwu-Anyanwu ◽  
Magnus Chinonye Nsonwu ◽  
Chinyere Adanna Opara Usoro
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Stress Indices ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Metabolic complications of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), including dyslipidemia, electrolyte imbalance, and oxidative stress, have been shown to be modulated by hypoglycemic agents. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The lipid profile, electrolytes, and oxidative stress indices were evaluated in T2DM. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Fifty T2DM patients on metformin (<i>n</i> = 23), insulin (<i>n</i> = 17), and insulin/metformin (<i>n</i> = 10) and 40 controls were studied. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total plasma peroxide (TPP), and total calcium (Ca) values were determined colorimetrically, sodium (Na<sup>+</sup>) and potassium (K<sup>+</sup>) levels were determined by flame photometry, chloride (Cl<sup>–</sup>) and bicarbonate (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>) levels were determined by titration, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and the oxidative stress index (OSI) were determined by calculation. Data were analyzed using <i>t</i> test, analysis of variance, and Pearson’s correlation at <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05. <b><i>Results:</i></b> T2DM patients had higher lipid peroxidation (TPP and OSI), atherogenic lipids (higher LDL-C and AIP and lower HDL-C), and lower antioxidants compared to controls (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). T2DM patients with poor glycemic control had higher lipid peroxidation (higher TPP) and atherogenic lipids (TG and AIP) compared to those with good control (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). Patients with T2DM for &#x3e;5 years had higher protein glycosylation (higher HBA1c) and TC compared to those with T2DM for &#x3c;5 years (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). The class of hypoglycemic agent has no effect on the levels of all of the biochemical indices studied (<i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05). HDL-C correlated negatively with TG (<i>r</i> = –0.347, <i>p</i> = 0.013), LDL-C (<i>r</i> = –0.322, <i>p</i> = 0.018), and AIP (<i>r</i> = –0.714, <i>p</i> = 0.000) in T2DM. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Chronic T2DM and poor glycemic control are associated with reduced antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and atherogenic dyslipidemia. Different hypoglycemic agents exert no differential effects on the metabolic indices of T2DM studied.

scholarly journals Dyslipidemia in Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhuvana Sunil ◽  
Ambika P. Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cv Disease ◽  
Current Guidelines

Abstract Purpose of Review Cardiovascular (CV) disease is a major cause of mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Dyslipidemia is prevalent in children with T2D and is a known risk factor for CVD. In this review, we critically examine the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and recommendations for dyslipidemia management in pediatric T2D. Recent Findings Dyslipidemia is multifactorial and related to poor glycemic control, insulin resistance, inflammation, and genetic susceptibility. Current guidelines recommend lipid screening after achieving glycemic control and annually thereafter. The desired lipid goals are low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) < 100 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) > 35 mg/dL, and triglycerides (TG) < 150 mg/dL. Summary If LDL-C remains > 130 mg/dL after 6 months, statins are recommended with a treatment goal of < 100 mg/dL. If fasting TG are > 400 mg/dL or non-fasting TG are > 1000 mg/dL, fibrates are recommended. Although abnormal levels of atherogenic TG-rich lipoproteins, apolipoprotein B, and non-HDL-C are commonly present in pediatric T2D, their measurement is not currently considered in risk assessment or management.

scholarly journals Vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes population

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 464-474
Author(s):  
Sushant Pokhrel ◽  
Nisha Giri ◽  
Rakesh Pokhrel ◽  
Bashu Dev Pardhe ◽  
Anit Lamichhane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Good Glycemic Control

Abstract This study aims to assess vitamin D deficiency-induced dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study was carried out among 455 T2DM patients involving poor glycemic control (n = 247) and good glycemic control (n = 208). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c were measured to assess glycemic control. Cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic index plasma, and atherogenic coefficient were calculated to assess and compare the CVD risk in different groups. Patients with poor control had a significantly higher level of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and non-high-density lipoprotein lipase cholesterol (non-HDL-C), atherogenic variables, and lower level of high-density lipoprotein lipase cholesterol (HDL-C) as compared to patients with good glycemic control. We also observed significant negative correlation of vitamin D with lipid markers and atherogenic variables in poor glycemic control diabetic population. The serum vitamin D levels were inversely associated with HbA1c, FPG, TG, TC, and non-HDL-C. Furthermore, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and elevated non-HDL-C were the independent risks in hypovitaminosis D population. Vitamin D deficiency in poor glycemic control is likely to develop dyslipidemia as compared to vitamin D insufficient and sufficient groups. Thus, vitamin D supplementation and an increase in exposure to sunlight may reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications in diabetes.

scholarly journals Impact of Adoption of Directly Measured Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) on Targets of Lipid Control and Its Comparison With Friedewald Formula-Calculated LDL Cholesterol in People With Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
pp. 263246362097804
Author(s):  
Rejitha Jagesh ◽  
Mathew John ◽  
Manju Manoharan Nair Jalaja ◽  
Tittu Oommen ◽  
Deepa Gopinath
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Friedewald Formula

Objectives: The accurate and precise measurement of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is important in the assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk (ASCVD) in people with diabetes mellitus. This study aimed at comparing directly measured LDL-C with Friedewald formula (FF)-calculated LDL-C (c-LDL-C) in people with type-2 diabetes. Methods: Fasting lipid profiles of 1905 people with type-2 diabetes, whose LDL-C was estimated by direct LDL assay, were chosen for the study. In the same group, LDL-C was calculated with FF. Correlation and agreement between these methods were analyzed at various strata of triglycerides (TGs). The possibility of misclassifying people at various levels of LDL-C targets proposed in literature was calculated. Results: The mean LDL-C levels were lower in the c-LDL-C group across various TG strata. A significant correlation was found between c-LDL-C and direct LDL-C for all the study samples ( r = 0.948, P < .001) and across all TG strata. Analysis of agreement showed a positive bias for direct LDL-C which increased at higher strata of TGs. c-LDL-C underestimated ASCVD by misclassifying people at various LDL-C target levels. Conclusion: There is a difference between direct LDL-C and c-LDL-C values in people with diabetes and this may result in misclassifying ASCVD especially at lower levels of LDL-C and higher levels of TGs.

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