scholarly journals Impact of the Sediment Organic vs. Mineral Content on Distribution of the Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Lake Sediment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5642
Author(s):  
Dauren Mussabek ◽  
Kenneth M. Persson ◽  
Ronny Berndtsson ◽  
Lutz Ahrens ◽  
Kei Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Core ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Heterogeneous Media ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Inorganic Content ◽  
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

Contamination of the water and sediment with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was studied for the lake impacted by the release of PFAS-containing aqueous film forming foam (AFFF). PFAS concentrations were analyzed in lake water and sediment core samples. ΣPFAS concentrations were in the range of 95–100 ng L−1 in the lake water and 3.0–61 µg kg−1 dry weight (dw) in sediment core samples, both dominated by perfluorohexane sulfonate, perfluorooctane sulfonate; 6:2 fluortelomer sulfonate was inconsistently present in water and sediment core samples. The sediment–water partitioning coefficients (log Kd) were estimated and ranged 0.6–2.3 L kg−1 for individual perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) and 0.9–5.6 L kg−1 for individual perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs). The influence of the sediment inorganic content and organic matter on PFAS distribution was investigated. In studied sediments, the mineral content (corresponding to <5% of the bulk media mass) was mainly represented by sulfur, iron and calcium. The PFAS distribution was found strongly connected to the sediment mineral content (i.e., Fe, Pb, Rb and As), whereas the sediment organic carbon content did not to have a direct influence on the PFAS distribution. The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of the PFAS distribution in the natural heterogeneous media.

Pesticides and heavy metals in sediment core samples from a coastal area in Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-536
Author(s):  
Chikumbusko Chiziwa Kaonga ◽  
Kazuhiko Takeda ◽  
Hiroshi Sakugawa ◽  
Hideo Yamazaki
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sediment Core ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Core Samples

Comparison of decay rates of faecal indicator organisms in recreational coastal water and sediment

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.L. Craig ◽  
H.J. Fallowfield ◽  
N.J. Cromar
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Coastal Water ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Organic Carbon Content

A laboratory based microcosm study utilising intact non-sterile sediment cores was undertaken to determine the survival of the faecal indicator organisms Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium and somatic coliphage in both recreational coastal water and sediment. Overlying water was inoculated with the test organisms and incubated at 10°C, 20°C or 30°C. E. coli, enterococcus and coliphage were enumerated from the water column and sediment by the membrane filtration method, Enterolert (IDEXX Laboratories) and the double-agar overlay methods respectively on days 0, 1, 2, 7, 14 and 28 following inoculation. It was demonstrated that for all organisms, greater decay (k; d-1) occurred in the water column compared to sediment. Sediment characteristics were found to influence decay, with lowest decay rates observed in sediment consisting of high organic carbon content and small particle size. Decay of E. coli was significantly greater in both the water column and sediment compared with enterococcus and coliphage under all conditions. Decay of enterococcus was found to closely resemble that of coliphage decay. Survival of all organisms was inversely related to temperature, with greatest decay at 30°C. However, increased temperature had a less significant impact on survival of enterococcus and coliphage compared with E. coli. The importance of this study for estimating risk from recreational exposure is great if some pathogenic microorganisms behave similarly to the organisms tested in this study. In particular if survival rates of pathogens are similar to enterococcus and coliphage, then their ability to accumulate in coastal sediment may lead to an increased risk of exposure if these organisms are resuspended into the water column due to natural turbulence or human recreational activity.

Seasonal Variations of 2,4-D in Buckhorn Lake

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Nagy ◽  
D.S. Painter
Keyword(s):  
Lake Water ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Streamflow Data ◽  
Land Runoff

Abstract A five month survey of 2,4-D in Buckhorn Lake water and sediment, combined with streamflow data, produced estimates of the chemical in the lake. The peak concentrations in the water alone were significantly higher than the documented uses would permit. Two distinct concentration peaks were shown by the chemical: one during the June milfoil control season, and one in late August, indicating a release of 2,4-D from the collapsed and decaying milfoil beds. The observed rates of disappearance of the chemical agreed with reported values, showing a limited persistence in the lake. The presence of 2,4-D in the spring sediments was attributed to land runoff.

The Organic carbon content of gravel bed herring spawning grounds and the impact of herring spawn deposition

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 863-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Napier
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
The Past ◽  
Benthic Food ◽  
The Impact

The dry weight and organic carbon content of eggs and components of Clyde spring herring eggs were measured at intervals during their development. Comparison with previously published data suggests that an increase has occurred in the weight of these eggs over the past thirty years. It is clear that only a small proportion of the material deposited in the form of herring spawn actually remains attached to the substratum when the larvae hatch and so is available for potential integration into the benthic food web. This was confirmed by the determination at intervals over two years of the organic carbon content of the gravel sediments on spawning grounds of the Clyde spring herring. Although the deposition of herring spawn resulted in an immediate marked increase in the carbon content of the spawning ground sediments, carbon levels quickly returned to pre-spawning levels and there was no evidence of any permanent or long lasting increase. This held true when the spawn died and decayed in situ and even when it was mixed into the sediment by wave action. The rapid decrease in carbon levels is attributed to the strong water movements which frequently occur over the spawning grounds.

scholarly journals Yield and Mineral Content of Hydroponically Grown Mini-Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as Affected by Reduced Nutrient Concentration and Foliar Fertilizer Application

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1728-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Maboko ◽  
Christian Phillipus Du Plooy ◽  
Silence Chiloane
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

Nutrient application is one of the major inputs required for hydroponic production of cucumbers. Reduced nutrient solution concentration with supplementary foliar fertilizer application may maintain yield and quality of mini-cucumber, while decreasing the production costs. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of foliar fertilizer in combination with reduced nutrient concentrations on the yield and quality of hydroponically grown mini-cucumber in a plastic tunnel. Mini-cucumber plants were grown in sawdust, fertigated with nutrient solutions containing 100% (control), 75%, 50%, or 25% of the recommended nutrient concentration (NC) and two foliar fertilizer applications (no foliar and foliar application). The highest fresh and dry weight of mini-cucumber plants were obtained with 75% and 100% NC and decreased with 50% to 25% NC application. The number of marketable fruit and marketable yield on mini-cucumbers increased with 75% to 100% NC, followed by 50% NC, as compared with 25% NC. Deformed fruit were significantly lower at 25% NC than at 50%, 75%, and 100% NC. Foliar fertilizer application did not have an effect on mini-cucumber yield, but reduced the yellowing of fruit. Fruit mineral content (P, Fe, and Mn) was significantly improved by 100% NC. Improvement in yield at 75% and 100% NC was as a result of improved plant height, leaf chlorophyll content, plant fresh and dry weight, and the increase in nutrient uptake of N, P, K, and Mn, which was evident in the analysis of cucumber leaves. The reduced NC of 75% can maintain yield and quality of mini-cucumbers, whereas the application of foliar fertilizer had a limited effect.

scholarly journals Distribution of Natural Radioactivity,137Cs,90Sr, and Plutonium Isotopes in a Water Column and Sediment Core along the Algerian Coast

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Noureddine ◽  
M. Benkrid ◽  
R. Maoui ◽  
M. Menacer ◽  
R. Boudjenoun
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Sediment Core ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Artificial Radioactivity ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Algerian Coast ◽  
Seawater Samples ◽  
Thorium Series

Concentrations of natural (40K,210Pb, uranium, and thorium series) and artificial radioelements (137Cs,90Sr,239+240Pu) were determined in seawater and sediment samples collected from stations along the Algerian coast. Seawater was collected from the surface to a maximum depth of 2000 m; the sediment cores were sampled from a depth of around 1500 m. This work was carried out in August 2001, in the framework of the Regional African project /7/004 (RAF), by the accomplishment of an oceanographic campaign organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in collaboration with Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (COMENA) and L'Institut des Sciences de la Mer et de L'Amenagement du Littoral (ISMAL), on board of the research vessel of M.S. Benyahia of ISMAL. In addition to the record of the conductivity (mS) and temperature (°C) data at each station, seawater samples were treated and preconcentrated on board, those of sediment cores were divided into different layers in order to undergo analyses in the laboratory of radiological impact studies of Algiers. Concentration results were obtained for137Cs and90Sr in mBq/L and239+240Pu inμBq/L in seawater, and also for natural and artificial radionuclides in Bq/kg dry weight in the layers of the sediment cores. The different profiles of137Cs,239+240Pu,90Sr, and210Pb concentrations against depth were presented to show artificial radioactivity distribution in the water column and sediment core. Concentrations of137Cs in the sediment core were also used to identify the137Cs peak in the area of interest.

Influence of environmental factors on abundance and temporal variation of benthic fauna resources in the eutrophic Tha Chin estuary, Samut Sakhon province, Thailand

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1261-1269
Author(s):  
Nittaya Ritnim ◽  
Charumas Meksumpun
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
The Status

The influence of environmental factors on the abundance and temporal variation of benthic fauna resources was studied in the eutrophic Tha Chin estuary located in Samut Sakhon province. The objectives were to analyze the status of abundance and temporal variation of the benthic fauna and to clarify the impacts from environmental factors (water and sediment quality). Field surveys were conducted monthly from August 2007 to March 2008 at 11 sampling stations in the estuary. Based on freshwater runoff volumes, the high-, medium-, and low-loading periods were categorized to be from August to October 2007, November to December 2007, and January to March 2008, respectively. The benthic fauna resources were composed of 57 species in eight phyla. Annelids were the dominant species (with the maximum density being 19,885 individuals/m2), followed by the mollusks. Both densities decreased during the low-loading period in 2008. Water quality deteriorated during the high-loading period. Land-based wastewater discharges decreased the levels of salinity and dissolved oxygen but dramatically increased various nutrients. Consequently, the sediment quality deteriorated during the medium-loading period. Bottom deposits during this time depicted high accumulation of acid volatile sulfides (more than 0.76 mg/g dry weight). Analyzing the environmental relationships, deposit feeders (for example, Nereis sp. and Prionospio sp.) and a clam (Arcuatula sp.) showed potential as bio-indicators for environmental monitoring. The overall results revealed the importance of changes in the water and sediment qualities that had an influence on related benthic resources. The increase in the level of NH4+-N had a negative impact on the economic clam species, while the sedimentary TOM showed positive correlation (P &lt; 0.05) with this increase. The succession of groups based on feeding behavior seemed to correspond with stress in eutrophication along the salinity gradient and in different estuarine parts. In addition, the economic clam population decreased noticeably during the medium-loading period, as a consequence of deteriorated sediment conditions. Thus, the land-based runoff should be controlled for the protection of resources. Further effective sustainable management will be enhanced by giving serious consideration to an eco-based zoning scheme for conservation and restoration of the Tha Chin estuary.

The role of a lowland reservoir in the transport of micropollutants, nutrients and the suspended particulate matter along the river continuum

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Urbaniak ◽  
Edyta Kiedrzyńska ◽  
Maciej Zalewski
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Middle Section ◽  
River Continuum ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Lowland Reservoir

The water and sediment samples from the Sulejow Reservoir and Pilica River (Central Poland) were analysed for nutrients: total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN) and the suspended particulate matter (SPM) and dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) concentration. Dl-PCBs were detected in sediments from all seven sampling locations with mean concentrations of 14.29 ng kg−1 dry weight (d.w.). The lowest concentration was recorded in the sediment collected below the Sulejow Reservoir (PR5; 2.92 ng kg−1 d.w.) and the highest in the sample collected from the mouth section of the Pilica River (PR7; 26.30 ng kg−1 d.w.). The 29% reduction of the total dl-PCBs concentration – from 9.21 ng kg−1 d.w. in the middle section to 6.54 ng kg−1 d.w. in the dam section of the Sulejow Reservoir – demonstrated the hydraulic transport and deposition of measured pollutants in the reservoir's sediments. The results obtained also revealed the reduction of nutrients and the SPM concentrations. A 45% reduction of SPM, 28% reduction of TP and 34% of TN was observed between the water inflow and outflow from the Sulejow Reservoir.

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