scholarly journals Patterns of Use of Vaping Products among Smokers: Findings from the 2016–2018 International Tobacco Control (ITC) New Zealand Surveys

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6629
Author(s):  
Richard Edwards ◽  
James Stanley ◽  
Andrew M. Waa ◽  
Maddie White ◽  
Susan C. Kaai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Motivating Factor

Alternative nicotine products like e-cigarettes could help achieve an end to the epidemic of ill health and death caused by smoking. However, in-depth information about their use is often limited. Our study investigated patterns of use of e-cigarettes and attitudes and beliefs among smokers and ex-smokers in New Zealand (NZ), a country with an ‘endgame’ goal for smoked tobacco. Data came from smokers and ex-smokers in Waves 1 and 2 of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) NZ Survey (Wave 1 August 2016–April 2017, 1155 participants; Wave 2, June–December 2018, 1020 participants). Trial, current and daily use of e-cigarettes was common: daily use was 7.9% among smokers and 22.6% among ex-smokers in Wave 2, and increased between surveys. Use was commonest among 18–24 years and ex-smokers, but was similar among Māori and non-Māori participants, and by socio-economic status. Most participants used e-cigarettes to help them quit or reduce their smoking. The most common motivating factor for use was cost and the most common barrier to use cited was that e-cigarettes were less satisfying than smoking. The findings could inform developing interventions in order to maximise the contribution of e-cigarettes to achieving an equitable smoke-free Aotearoa, and to minimise any potential adverse impacts.

scholarly journals Socio-economic differences in eating-related attitudes, behaviours and environments of adolescents

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Utter ◽  
Simon Denny ◽  
Sue Crengle ◽  
Shanthi Ameratunga ◽  
Terryann Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
School Students ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Deprived Areas

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between area-level socio-economic status and healthy and less healthy eating behaviours among adolescents and to determine whether the relationship between area-level socio-economic status and dietary behaviours was related to the relevant attitudes and environments.DesignData were collected as part of Youth’07, a nationally representative survey of the health and well-being of New Zealand youth.SettingNew Zealand secondary schools, 2007.SubjectsA total of 9107 secondary-school students in New Zealand.ResultsStudents from more deprived areas perceived more supportive school environments and cared as much about healthy eating as students in more affluent areas. However, these students were significantly more likely to report consuming fast food, soft drinks and chocolates.ConclusionsAddressing area-level socio-economic disparities in healthy eating requires addressing the availability, affordability and marketing of unhealthy snack foods, particularly in economically deprived areas.

E-Health and Online Medical Transactions

2011 ◽  
pp. 279-296
Author(s):  
Alec Holt ◽  
John D. Gillies
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
New World ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Health Delivery ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
New Business ◽  
Brave New World ◽  
New Business Models

Electronic medical consultation as a means of health delivery is available worldwide. While only in its infancy in New Zealand, it is likely to gain momentum and acceptance, and will impact on both the health deliverer and consumer. Adoption of electronic consultation has the capacity to radically change the environment of healthcare. Emergence of new business models and social impacts are just two of the areas where there could be significant change. As technology is embraced by commercial, health and other interests, we see law and governance left struggling to keep up with the changes. Will the gap between the “haves” and “have-nots” widen or close? Has a beast been unleashed, or are we embarking into a brave new world where anyone can access the health information they need, regardless of socio-economic status, race or geographic situation? We discuss these questions with an emphasis on the New Zealand scene. In researching this chapter it seems that the positions about the future impact and appropriateness of telemedicine is polarized. At one pole are the “tele-evangilists” who think telemedicine will lead to a more patient-focused model. At the other pole are the “tele-luddites” who think that telemedicine introduces technology that complicates an already complex healthcare environment and will always come second to face-to-face interactions.

Mental Maps of the City: Suburban Preference Patterns

1971 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Mental Maps ◽  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Directional Bias ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The City

Many sets of observations have shown that intra-urban migration is generally oriented outwards, away from the City centre. Two major suggested explanations for this directional bias are Hoyt's concept of the sectoral structuring of socio-economic status residential patterns and Adams's ideas concerning the shape of the mental images of the City which its residents hold. The present paper presents an investigation of the mental maps of some sample respondents in the Christchurch urban area, New Zealand, which asks whether these images are influenced both by the perceived socioeconomic status of the various suburbs and a restricted view of the City. The results are encouraging and suggest that both Hoyt and Adams may have been correct in formulating their ideas. It is becoming commonplace within urban research to criticise the widely-used models of intra-urban residential patterns as inappropriate. Not all would agree with this, however, so further testing is required. Among the more important aspects needing further investigation are the assumptions on which the models are based, since if these are irrelevant then the validity of the models is extremely unlikely. The aim of the present paper is such an inquiry with reference to Hoyt's sectoral model of the residential patterns of socio-economic status groups.

Who are the High Hospital Users? A Canadian Case Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noralou Roos ◽  
Charles Burchill ◽  
Keumhee Carriere
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Health Care Use ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
Hospital Days

Objectives: Researchers have taken two different approaches to understanding high use of hospital services, one focusing on the large proportion of services used by a small minority and a second focusing on the poor health status and high hospital use of the poor. This work attempts to bridge these two widely researched approaches to understanding health care use. Methods: Administrative data from Winnipeg, Manitoba covering all hospitalizations in 1995 were combined with public use Census measures of socio-economic status (neighbourhood household income). High users were defined as the 1% of the population who spent the most days in hospital in 1995 ( n = 6487 hospital users out of population of 648 715 including non-users). Results: One per cent of the Winnipeg population consumed 69% of the hospital days in 1995. Thirty-one per cent of the highest users were among the 20% of residents of neighbourhoods with the lowest household incomes, and 10% of the highest users were among the 20% from neighbourhoods with the highest household incomes. However, on most other dimensions, including gender, age, average days in hospital, average admissions, percentage who died in hospital and diagnostic reasons for being hospitalized, the similarities between high users, regardless of their socio-economic group, were striking. Conclusions: The lower the socio-economic status, the more likely an individual is to make high demands on hospitals. However, patterns of use as well as the diseases and accidents that produce high use among residents of low income neighbourhoods are not much different from those that produce high use among residents of high income neighbourhoods.

Socio-economic inequalities in mortality persist into old age in New Zealand: study of all 65 years plus, 2001–04

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 911-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANTOSH JATRANA ◽  
TONY BLAKELY
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Rate Ratios

ABSTRACTA number of studies have explored the relationship between socio-economic status and mortality, although these have mostly been based on the working-age population, despite the fact that the burden of mortality is highest in older people. Using Poisson regression on linked New Zealand census and mortality data (2001–04, 1.3 million person years) with a comprehensive set of socio-economic indicators (education, income, car access, housing tenure, neighourhood deprivation), we examined the association of socio-economic characteristics and older adult mortality (65+ years) in New Zealand. We found that socio-economic mortality gradients persist into old age. Substantial relative risks of mortality were observed for all socio-economic factors, except housing tenure. Most relative risk associations decreased in strength with ageing [e.g. most deprived compared to least deprived rate ratio for males reducing from 1.40 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28–1.53) for 65–74-year-olds to 1.13 (CI 1.00–1.28) for 85 + -year-olds], except for income and education among women where the rate ratios changed little with increasing age. This suggests individual-level measures of socio-economic status are more closely related to mortality in older women than older men. Comparing across genders, the only statistically significantly different association between men and women was for a weaker association for women for car access.

scholarly journals How differing methods of ascribing ethnicity and socio-economic status affect risk estimates for hospitalisation with infectious disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Hobbs ◽  
Polly Atatoa Carr ◽  
Jacinta Fa'alili-Fidow ◽  
Avinesh Pillai ◽  
Susan M. B. Morton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Ecological Fallacy ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Total Response ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Economically Deprived ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mixed Ethnicity

AbstractSignificant ethnic and socio-economic disparities exist in infectious diseases (IDs) rates in New Zealand, so accurate measures of these characteristics are required. This study compared methods of ascribing ethnicity and socio-economic status. Children in the Growing Up in New Zealand longitudinal cohort were ascribed to self-prioritised, total response and single-combined ethnic groups. Socio-economic status was measured using household income, and both census-derived and survey-derived deprivation indices. Rates of ID hospitalisation were compared using linked administrative data. Self-prioritised ethnicity was simplest to use. Total response accounted for mixed ethnicity and allowed overlap between groups. Single-combined ethnicity required aggregation of small groups to maintain power but offered greater detail. Regardless of the method used, Māori and Pacific children, and children in the most socio-economically deprived households had a greater risk of ID hospitalisation. Risk differences between self-prioritised and total response methods were not significant for Māori and Pacific children but single-combined ethnicity revealed a diversity of risk within these groups. Household income was affected by non-random missing data. The census-derived deprivation index offered a high level of completeness with some risk of multicollinearity and concerns regarding the ecological fallacy. The survey-derived index required extra questions but was acceptable to participants and provided individualised data. Based on these results, the use of single-combined ethnicity and an individualised survey-derived index of deprivation are recommended where sample size and data structure allow it.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document