scholarly journals Epidemiology of Exertional Heat Illness in the Military: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7037
Author(s):  
Faith O. Alele ◽  
Bunmi S. Malau-Aduli ◽  
Aduli E. O. Malau-Aduli ◽  
Melissa J. Crowe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Heat Illness ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Service Unit ◽  
Exertional Heat Illness ◽  
The Military

Exertional heat illness (EHI) is an occupational hazard among military personnel. This systematic review describes the incidence, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and biomarkers of EHI in the military. Six databases from inception to 28 May 2020 were systematically reviewed using the PRISMA guidelines. Forty-one articles met the inclusion criteria and the incidence of EHI ranged from 0.2 to 10.5 per 1000 person years, while the prevalence rates ranged from 0.3% to 9.3%. Intrinsic risk factors influencing EHI were gender, physical fitness, obesity, previous history of heat illness, and motivation, while the extrinsic factors included hot environmental conditions and service unit. Evidence suggests that loss of consciousness, absence of sweating and confusion were the common clinical features of exertional heat stroke (EHS). The mean core temperature ranged from 40 to 41.6 °C, while elevated levels of creatine phosphokinase, liver enzymes, and creatinine were common biochemical markers of EHS. The findings of the review suggest a variation in the incidence of EHI among military populations possibly due to the varying definitions used. Although some risk factors of EHI were identified, more analytical studies are needed to investigate the association between EHI and other important factors such as acclimatisation and occlusive clothing.

scholarly journals Systematic review of gender differences in the epidemiology and risk factors of exertional heat illness and heat tolerance in the armed forces

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e031825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faith Alele ◽  
Bunmi Malau-Aduli ◽  
Aduli Malau-Aduli ◽  
Melissa Crowe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Heat Illness ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Exertional Heat Illness ◽  
Gender Specific

ObjectivesThis review aimed to describe the epidemiology of all heat-related illnesses in women compared with men in the armed forces and to identify gender-specific risk factors and differences in heat tolerance.DesignA systematic review of multiple databases (MEDLINE, Emcare, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Informit and Scopus) was conducted from the inception of the databases to 1 April 2019 using the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis guidelines.Eligibility criteriaAll relevant studies investigating and comparing heat illness and heat tolerance in women and men in the armed forces were included in the review.ResultsTwenty-four studies were included in the systematic review. The incidence of heat stroke in women ranged from 0.10 to 0.26 per 1000 person-years, while the incidence of heat stroke ranged from 0.22 to 0.48 per 1000 person-years in men. The incidence of other heat illnesses in women compared with men ranged from 1.30 to 2.89 per 1000 person-years versus 0.98 to 1.98 per 1000 person-years. The limited evidence suggests that women had a greater risk of exertional heat illness compared with men. Other gender-specific risk factors were slower run times and body mass index. Although there was a higher proportion of women who were heat intolerant compared with men, this finding needs to be interpreted with caution due to the limited evidence.ConclusionThe findings of this review suggest that men experienced a slightly higher incidence of heat stroke than women in the armed forces. In addition, the limited available evidence suggests that a higher proportion of women were heat intolerant and being a female was associated with a greater risk of exertional heat illnesses. Given the limited evidence available, further research is required to investigate the influence of gender differences on heat intolerance and heat illness.

Trail running injury risk factors: a living systematic review

2022 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2021-104858
Author(s):  
Carel Viljoen ◽  
Dina C (Christa) Janse van Rensburg ◽  
Willem van Mechelen ◽  
Evert Verhagen ◽  
Bruno Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Injury Risk Factors ◽  
Trail Running

ObjectiveTo review and frequently update the available evidence on injury risk factors and epidemiology of injury in trail running.DesignLiving systematic review. Updated searches will be done every 6 months for a minimum period of 5 years.Data sourcesEight electronic databases were searched from inception to 18 March 2021.Eligibility criteriaStudies that investigated injury risk factors and/or reported the epidemiology of injury in trail running.ResultsNineteen eligible studies were included, of which 10 studies investigated injury risk factors among 2 785 participants. Significant intrinsic factors associated with injury are: more running experience, level A runner and higher total propensity to sports accident questionnaire (PAD-22) score. Previous history of cramping and postrace biomarkers of muscle damage is associated with cramping. Younger age and low skin phototypes are associated with sunburn. Significant extrinsic factors associated with injury are neglecting warm-up, no specialised running plan, training on asphalt, double training sessions per day and physical labour occupations. A slower race finishing time is associated with cramping, while more than 3 hours of training per day, shade as the primary mode of sun protection and being single are associated with sunburn. An injury incidence range 0.7–61.2 injuries/1000 hours of running and prevalence range 1.3% to 90% were reported. The lower limb was the most reported region of injury, specifically involving blisters of the foot/toe.ConclusionLimited studies investigated injury risk factors in trail running. Our review found eight intrinsic and nine extrinsic injury risk factors. This review highlighted areas for future research that may aid in designing injury risk management strategies for safer trail running participation.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021240832.

scholarly journals Individual risk factors associated with exertional heat illness: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline S. Westwood ◽  
Joanne L. Fallowfield ◽  
Simon K. Delves ◽  
Michael Nunns ◽  
Henry B. Ogden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Heat Illness ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Exertional Heat Illness ◽  
Individual Risk Factors

The physiopathology of spontaneous hemorrhagic stroke: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alcivan Batista de Morais Filho ◽  
Thiago Luis de Holanda Rego ◽  
Letícia de Lima Mendonça ◽  
Sulyanne Saraiva de Almeida ◽  
Mariana Lima da Nóbrega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Road ◽  
History Of

Abstract Hemorrhagic stroke (HS) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, despite being less common, it presents more aggressively and leads to more severe sequelae than ischemic stroke. There are two types of HS: Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH), differing not only in the site of bleeding, but also in the mechanisms responsible for acute and subacute symptoms. This is a systematic review of databases in search of works of the last five years relating to the comprehension of both kinds of HS. Sixty two articles composed the direct findings of the recent literature and were further characterized to construct the pathophysiology in the order of events. The road to the understanding of the spontaneous HS pathophysiology is far from complete. Our findings show specific and individual results relating to the natural history of the disease of ICH and SAH, presenting common and different risk factors, distinct and similar clinical manifestations at onset or later days to weeks, and possible complications for both.

The Pathophysiology of Exertional Heatstroke

2004 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
J. E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stroke ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Heat Illness ◽  
Exertional Heat Illness ◽  
Military Unit

AbstractExertional heat illness remains a major cause of morbidity and occasional mortality within the Armed Forces. This review explores the normal responses to heat, known causes of exertional heatstroke, and suggests possible answers to the question of why one member of a military unit collapses with heat stroke, while matched controls at his side remain unaffected.

Exertional Heat Illness Considerations in the Military

2019 ◽  
pp. 181-209
Author(s):  
Nathaniel S. Nye ◽  
Francis G. O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Heat Illness ◽  
Exertional Heat Illness ◽  
The Military

Exertional Heat Illness: Emerging Concepts and Advances in Prehospital Care

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riana R. Pryor ◽  
Ronald N. Roth ◽  
Joe Suyama ◽  
David Hostler
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Prehospital Care ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Heat Illness ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Exertional Heat Stroke ◽  
Exertional Heat Illness

AbstractExertional heat illness is a classification of disease with clinical presentations that are not always diagnosed easily. Exertional heat stroke is a significant cause of death in competitive sports, and the increasing popularity of marathons races and ultra-endurance competitions will make treating many heat illnesses more common for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers. Although evidence is available primarily from case series and healthy volunteer studies, the consensus for treating exertional heat illness, coupled with altered mental status, is whole body rapid cooling. Cold or ice water immersion remains the most effective treatment to achieve this goal. External thermometry is unreliable in the context of heat stress and direct internal temperature measurement by rectal or esophageal probes must be used when diagnosing heat illness and during cooling. With rapid recognition and implementation of effective cooling, most patients suffering from exertional heat stroke will recover quickly and can be discharged home with instructions to rest and to avoid heat stress and exercise for a minimum of 48 hours; although, further research pertaining to return to activity is warranted.PryorRR,RothRN,SuyamaJ,HostlerD.Exertional heat illness: emerging concepts and advances in prehospital care.Prehosp Disaster Med.2015;30(3):19.

scholarly journals Exertional heat illness risk factors and physiological responses of youth football players

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan W. Yeargin ◽  
John J. Dickinson ◽  
Dawn M. Emerson ◽  
Jessica Koller ◽  
Toni M. Torres-McGehee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Heat Illness ◽  
Exertional Heat Illness ◽  
Youth Football

Risk factors predicting exertional heat illness in male Marine Corps recruits

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 939-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN W. GARDNER ◽  
JOHN A. KARK ◽  
KAREN KARNEI ◽  
JILL S. SANBORN ◽  
EDWARD GASTALDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Marine Corps ◽  
Heat Illness ◽  
Exertional Heat Illness

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for food allergy in older people: protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e029633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Laia-Dias ◽  
Carlos Lozoya-Ibáñez ◽  
Isabel Skypala ◽  
Jorge M R Gama ◽  
Ulugbek Nurmatov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Food Allergy ◽  
Older People ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity

IntroductionStudies suggest that the prevalence of food allergy may be increasing worldwide. Results regarding the prevalence and features of adverse food reactions older people have, however, scarcely been analysed in the literature. Thus, the objective of the present systematic review will be to describe the prevalence of food allergy in older individuals, its risk factors, clinical features, as well as the most frequently and commonly involved foods.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the incidence, prevalence and risk factors for food allergy in older individuals. We will search international electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, AMED and ISI Web of Science for published, unpublished and ongoing studies from 1980 toJanuary 2019. There will be no restriction on the language or geography of publication. We will use the critical appraisal skills programme quality assessment tool to appraise the methodological quality of included studies. A descriptive summary with data tables will be elaborated, and if deemed clinically relevant and statistically adequate, meta-analysis using random-effects modelling will be carried out, given the expected clinical, methodological and statistical heterogeneity of studies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist will guide reporting of the systematic review.Ethics and disseminationSince this systematic review will be solely based on published and retrievable literature, no ethics approval will be obtained. This study will allow us to draw up-to-date estimates of the prevalence of adverse food reactions in older individuals, worldwide, besides allowing the identification of its major risk factors, clinical manifestations and predominant foods responsible for such reactions. A multidisciplinary team has been assembled for this systematic review and will participate in relevant dissemination activities, namely reports, publications and presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018102140

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