Association of Oral Status and Early Primary Hypertension Biomarkers among Children and Adolescents

The aim of this case–control study was the evaluation of the association between biomarkers of early primary arterial hypertension (HA) and oral diseases among children and adolescents. Material and methods. Subjects suspected of primary HA (n = 180) underwent a complex evaluation of their vascular status: blood pressure, heart rate, vascular stiffness, sympathetic activity in a 24 h ambulatory examination, followed by measurement of serum uric acid (UA), cystatin C, and creatinine. This procedure allowed the identification of children with primary (n = 58) and secondary HA (n = 74), as well as of children with normal arterial blood pressure, who served as a control group (n = 48). All subjects with secondary HA were excluded from further investigation. Oral examination included the measurement of caries intensity (using the decayed, missing, filled index for permanent teeth DMFT /primary teeth dmft), bacterial plaque (by the plaque control record index, PCR%), and gingivitis (by the bleeding on probing index, BOP%). For statistical analysis, a linear regression model and Spearman rank correlation were used. Results. UA, cystatin C, and creatinine were not altered in the HA group. However, the number of decayed permanent teeth (DT) and the DMFT, PCR%, and BOP% indexes were significantly higher in the primary HA group compared to the control group (p = 0.0006; p = 0.02; p = 0.0009; p = 0.003). Our results are not sufficient to prove the important role of caries and gingival inflammation in the modulation of HA symptoms, although they prove the association of oral diseases with primary HA symptoms. This may indicate future strategies for preventive measures for hypertensive children and adolescents.

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Accumulation of Prostacyclin in Rat Brain during Haemorrhagic Hypotension—Possible Role of PGI2 in Autoregulation

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1038/jcbfm.1984.14 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 107-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

E. Shohami ◽

A. Sidi

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Steady State ◽

Control Group ◽

Prostaglandin E ◽

Cortical Tissue ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Haemorrhagic Hypotension ◽

Potent Vasodilator ◽

Prostaglandin F

The effect of haemorrhagic hypotension on the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), and 6-keto prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α) in cortical tissue of rats was studied. Lightly anesthetized rats were subjected to steady-state hypotension for 15 min, with a mean arterial blood pressure of 80, 60, and 40 mm Hg, and compared to a control group of normotensive rats. No significant change was found in the levels of PGE2 and TXB2. The level of 6-keto-PGF1α increased from 7.8 ± 0.9 to 14.1 ± 1.9 pg/mg protein (p < 0.02) at 80 mm Hg. Our findings suggest that prostacyclin, which is a potent vasodilator, might play a role in setting the lower limit of the autoregulation range.

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EFFECT OF DIFFERENT OCCLUSION PRESSURE ON PECULIARITIES OF MUSCLE BLOOD FLOW

Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences ◽

10.33607/bjshs.v1i108.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (108) ◽

pp. 2-8

Author(s):

Kęstutis Bunevičius ◽

Albinas Grunovas ◽

Jonas Poderys

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Arterial Blood Pressure ◽

Arterial Blood Flow ◽

Control Group ◽

Reactive Hyperaemia ◽

Occlusion Pressure ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Flow Intensity ◽

Blood Flow Intensity

Background. Occlusion pressure intensity influences the blood flow intensity. Immediately after the cuff pressure is released, reactive hyperaemia occurs. Increased blood flow and nutritive delivery are critical for an anabolic stimulus, such as insulin. The aim of study was to find which occlusion pressure was optimal to increase the highest level of post occlusion reactive hyperaemia. Methods. Participants were randomly assigned into one of the four conditions (n = 12 per group): control group without blood flow restriction, experimental groups with 120; 200 or 300 mmHg occlusion pressure. We used venous occlusion plethysmography and arterial blood pressure measurements. Results. After the onset of 120 and 200 mm Hg pressure occlusion, the blood flow intensity significantly decreased. Occlusion induced hyperaemia increased arterial blood flow intensity 134 ± 11.2% (p < .05) in the group with 120 mmHg, in the group with 200 mmHg it increased 267 ± 10.5% (p < .05), in the group with 300 mmHg it increased 233 ± 10.9% (p < .05). Applied 300 mmHg occlusion from the 12 minute diastolic and systolic arterial blood pressure decreased statistically significantly. Conclusions. Occlusion manoeuvre impacted the vascular vasodilatation, but the peak blood flow registered after occlusion did not relate to applied occlusion pressure. The pressure of 200 mmHg is optimal to impact the high level of vasodilatation. Longer than 12 min 300 mmHg could not be recommended due to the steep decrease of systolic and diastolic blood pressures.

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Evidence for Peripheral Vascular Involvement in Mild Elevation of Blood Pressure in Man

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs051065s ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 51 (s3) ◽

pp. 65s-68s

Author(s):

R. Sivertsson ◽

R. Sannerstedt ◽

Y. Lundgren

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Cardiac Index ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Vascular Involvement ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Blood Pressure Elevation ◽

Pressure Elevation ◽

Arterial Blood

1. Cardiac output at rest, intra-arterial blood pressure and hand blood flow at maximal vasodilatation were studied in two groups of 18–25-year-old men: forty-four with mild blood pressure elevation were referred from a military enlistment centre, and twenty-nine normotensive volunteers were mainly recruited from the same enlistment centre. 2. The study group was characterized by a significantly higher cardiac index at rest, and a significantly higher blood flow resistance in the hand at maximal vasodilatation than the control group, indicating the presence of structural modifications in the resistance vessels of patients with mild blood pressure elevation. 3. The tendency to increased vascular resistance in the blood vessels of the hand at maximal vasodilatation was more pronounced in patients with a normal cardiac index than in those with a high index. This suggests inclusion in the study group of tense, anxious individuals with an elevated cardiac index but otherwise normal circulation, but does not exclude the possibility that these patients may develop structural changes later on.

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Croton schiedeanus Schltd prevents experimental hypertension in rats induced by nitric oxide deficit

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1590/s1984-82502013000400027 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 865-871

Author(s):

María Teresa Páez ◽

Diana Catalina Rodríguez ◽

Daniel Fernando López ◽

Jorge Arturo Castañeda ◽

Diana Marcela Buitrago ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Systolic Arterial Pressure ◽

Control Group ◽

Experimental Hypertension ◽

Blank Group ◽

Mean Values ◽

Etoh Extract ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Synthase Inhibitor

Croton schiedeanus Schltd (N.V.: "almizclillo") is a plant used in traditional medicine as an antihypertensive in Colombia. It contains flavonoid, diterpenoid and fenilbutanoid metabolites that have vasodilatation effects linked to the NO/cGMP pathway. This work aimed to assess the capacity of a 96% EtOH extract to prevent the hypertension induced by nitric oxide (NO) deficiency in rats. The NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME (10 mg/kg/d, i.p) was administered during five weeks to three groups of rats (6-7 animals): C. Schiedeanus (200 mg/kg/d, p.o), enalapril (reference, 10 mg/kg/d, p.o) and vehicle (control: olive oil 1 ml/kg/d, p.o). In addition, the blank group received only vehicle. The arterial blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured daily for six weeks. After sacrificing the animals, the aortic rings were isolated, contraction was triggered with phenylephrine (PE 10-6 M) and relaxant responses were achieved with cumulative concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh, 10-10 - 10-4 M). L-NAME increased the systolic arterial pressure in the control group, attaining mean values of 131 mm Hg at week 5, whereas the C. schiedeanus, enalapril and blank groups maintained blood pressure under 100 mm Hg. The capacity of PE to contract aortic rings was greater in the C. schiedeanus, enalapril and blank groups than in the control group (2157, 2005, 1910 and 1646 mg, respectively). The pEC50 values for ACh were as follows: C. Schiedeanus (6.89) >enalapril (6.39) > blank (5.68) > control (5.09). These results give support to C. Schiedeanus as a natural antihypertensive source.

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Subarachnoidally administered hyperbaric morphine, buprenorphine, methadone, and 10% dextrose on cardiopulmonary function and behavior in horses

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782006000500015 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 1444-1449

Author(s):

Cláudio Corrêa Natalini ◽

Renata Lehn Linardi ◽

Alexandre da Silva Polydoro

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Temperature ◽

Respiratory Rate ◽

Motor Impairment ◽

Blood Gases ◽

Behavioral Changes ◽

Control Group ◽

Arterial Blood Gases ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

And Behavior

The study was done to compare the heart rate, arterial blood pressure, arterial blood gases, respiratory rate, body temperature, and behavior after subarachnoid administration of hyperbaric morphine (MorphineD10), buprenorphine (BuprenorphineD10), methadone (Methadone D10), and 10% dextrose (D10) in conscious horses. Six adult horses were studied. Treatments were administered into the lombo-sacral subarachnoid space through an epidural catheter, MorphineD10 at 0.01mg kg-1, BuprenorphineD10 at 0.001mg kg-1, MethadoneD10 at 0.01mg kg-1, and 10% dextrose as a control group. The results showed that there are minimum changes in heart and respiratory rate, blood gases, blood pressure, and body temperature after subarachnoid administration of hyperbaric opioids in horses. No sedation and nor motor impairment or behavioral changes occur.

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Decreased arterial compliance assessed by aortic pulse wave velocity is an important parameter for monitoring of blood pressure in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases

Russian Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4036 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (12) ◽

pp. 4036

Author(s):

H. Yilmaz Ak ◽

Y. Ozsahin ◽

N. Baskurt Aladag ◽

F. Gencoglu ◽

B. Sahin Yildiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Arterial Compliance ◽

Control Group ◽

Cardiac Events ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Arterial Blood

Aim. Patients with chronic inflammatory diseases (CID), such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) are more likely to have higher risk of cardiac events. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) can be used to measure the aortic dis-tensibility and it is known as inversely related to the arterial compliance. Increased aortic stiffness which is assessed by PWV, is seem to be associated with arterial blood pressure. In this study, we investigated the arterial compliance by PWV in patients with CID including RA and FMF.Material and methods. We studied 25 patients with RA, 33 patients with FMF and 31 healthy subjects without a history of any cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia (89 subjects in total). We measured the arterial compliance by automatic carotid-femoral (aortic) PWV using Complior Colson (France) device. PWV (m/s) = distance (m)/transit time(s).Results. It is seen that, patients with CID have higher carotid-femoral (aortic) PWV (8,76±2,09 vs 8,07±0,94 m/s) compared to control groups (p=0,03). There were significant correlations between PWV and age, body-mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean blood pressure. (p<0,001, r=0,65; p<0,001, r=0,36; p<0,001, r=0,42; p<0,001, r=0,46; p<0,001, r=0,48, respectively).Conclusion. Arterial compliance, which is assessed by carotid-femoral (aortic) PWV, is decreased in patients with CID such as RA and FMF when it is compared to healthy control group.

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Acute and Training Effects of Exercise in Hypertensive Individuals

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2019025035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Stergiou ◽

Chryssanthopoulos ◽

Mantas ◽

Tafrali ◽

Kavida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Isometric Exercise ◽

Exercise Bout ◽

Acute Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Maximal Heart Rate ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Stage 1

Aim: Aerobic, resistance, or isometric exercise has been shown to reduce blood pressure (BP) in normotensive and hypertensive individuals. The aim of this study was to examine the acute effect of combining resistance and isometric exercise and the training effect of combining all 3 types (aerobic, resistance and isometric exercise) in hypertensive patients. Material & Method: Fourteen adults, six females and eight males (age, 55 ± 11 yrs; BMI, 31.0 ± 6.0 kg.m2; body fat, 34 ± 14 %; waist circumference, 102 ± 18 cm; mean ± SD), with stage 1 and 2 hypertension performed a combined resistance and isometric exercise bout to examine the acute effect of exercise. Afterwards, volunteers were randomly divided into two groups of 7 participants each. One group performed 3 exercise sessions per week for 8 weeks (T). Training consisted of aerobic (45 min at 60–80% of maximal heart rate), resistance (3 sets of 10–15 repetitions at 60–80% of 1RM) and isometric (4 sets at 30% maximum handgrip strength for 2 min) exercise. The other group acted as a control group (C) and performed only isometric exercise at 5% of maximum handgrip strength for 2 min. Results: After the resistance-isometric exercise bout the average systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MBP) over one hour post-exercise were reduced by 11 ± 2 mm Hg, 6 ± 1 mm Hg and 8 ± 1 mm Hg, respectively, compared to pre-exercise levels (p < 0.001). After 8 weeks of training in the T group SBP, DBP and MBP were reduced by 16 ± 4 mm Hg, 10 ± 3 mm Hg and 12 ± 3 mm Hg, respectively, compared to pre-training (p < 0.05). These values were higher (p < 0.05) than the corresponding values in the C group, where no changes were observed (SBP, 2 ± 1 mm Hg; DBP, 0 ± 1 mm Hg; MBP, 1 ± 1 mm Hg; p > 0.05). Conclusions: One bout of resistance-isometric exercise acutely reduced SBP, DBP, and MBP over one hour post-exercise, while 8 weeks of training that combined aerobic, resistance, and isometric exercise also reduced SBP, DBP, and MBP in adult patients with stage 1 and 2 hypertension.

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Pulmonary hypertension induced by repeated pulmonary inflammation in the rat

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1981.51.3.755 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 755-761 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

J. Herget ◽

F. Palecek ◽

P. Preclik ◽

M. Cermakova ◽

M. Vizek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

Lung Inflammation ◽

Pulmonary Inflammation ◽

Control Group ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

The Media ◽

Pulmonary Arterial ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control

The effect of repeated lung inflammation on the pulmonary vascular bed was studied in rats. Nonbacterial lung inflammation was induced by repeated carrageenan instillations into the lungs. Three days after the single carrageenan injection, the mean pulmonary arterial blood pressure was only slightly raised [16.3 +/- 0.6 (mean +/- SE) Torr in controls and 19.5 +/- 0.5 Torr in rats with lung inflammation, P less than 0.001]. A substantial pulmonary hypertension was found in rats 3 days after the sixth lung inflammation (24.6 +/- 1 Torr). In this group, arterial hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and right-heart hypertrophy were found. In the 14th day of recovery after the last injection of carrageenan, the mean pulmonary artery blood pressure decreased (18.5 +/- 0.9 Torr) but remained higher than in the control group. There was no difference in cardiac output measured by dye-dilution technique between the experimental and control groups. After repeated inflammation, the media of distal pulmonary vessels thickened and the number of pulmonary arterioles with distinct media increased.

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Hypertensive effect of calcilytic NPS 2143 administration in rats

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.1.06924 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 191 (1) ◽

pp. 189-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Apolonia Rybczynska ◽

Artur Lehmann ◽

Anna Jurska-Jasko ◽

Konrad Boblewski ◽

Czeslawa Orlewska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Group Performance ◽

Parathyroid Glands ◽

Control Group ◽

Calcium Sensing Receptor ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽

Calcium Sensing ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

The Difference

Secretion of parathormone (PTH), the main parathyroid hormone, which is under the control of the calcium sensing receptor, might be inhibited by calcimimetics and stimulated by calcilytics. Parathyroid glands also secrete parathyroid hypertensive factor. Recently, it was shown that calcimimetic NPS R-568 induced decreased blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in the presence of parathyroid glands. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether administration of the calcilytic NPS 2143 provoked an increase of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) in normotensive rats. We used male Wistar rats anaesthetized with thiopental. Clearance experiments were performed and the effect of bolus, 1 mg/kg body weight i.v. of NPS 2143 on MAP in the presence and absence of thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX) was monitored continuously. Calcilytic properties of NPS 2143 were confirmed directly by a significant (P < 0.05) increase of plasma PTH concentration, and indirectly by a rise of plasma Ca2+ concentration and urinary fractional phosphate excretion (FE Pi). NPS 2143 administration markedly (P < 0.05) increased MAP, calculated as the difference ( Δ ) in MAP between sequential measurements and the time of bolus injection of calcilytic. The observed increase of blood pressure in the NPS 2143 group was also significant (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. Performance of TPTX prevented the hypertensive effect of NPS 2143. We conclude that NPS 2143 is responsible for increased blood pressure in rats in the presence of parathyroid glands.

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Induction of Oxidative Stress by Glutathione Depletion Causes Severe Hypertension in Normal Rats

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.36.suppl_1.688-c ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. 688-688

Author(s):

Nosratola D Vaziri ◽

Xiu Q Wang ◽

Fariba Oveisi ◽

Behdad Rad

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Urinary Excretion ◽

Antioxidant Therapy ◽

Glutathione Depletion ◽

Hepatic Tissue ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Arterial Blood

59 Several recent studies have shown that certain forms of genetic and acquired hypertension (HTN) are associated with oxidative stress and respond favorably to antioxidant therapy. We hypothesize that oxidative stress, per se, may cause HTN via (among other mechanisms) enhanced oxidation and inactivation of nitric oxide (NO). To test this hypothesis, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to oxidative stress by glutathione (GSH) depletion using GSH synthase inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, 30 mmol/L in drinking water), for two weeks. The control group was given drug-free drinking water. In parallel experiments, subgroups of animals were provided vitamin E-fortified chow and vitamin C-supplemented drinking water. Arterial blood pressure, urinary excretion of NO metabolites (NO 2 +NO 3 , NOx), and liver tissue GSH were measured. In addition, plasma, kidney, heart, liver and aorta were tested by Western blot analysis for nitrotyrosine, which is the footprint of NO inactivation by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The BSO-treated group showed a three-fold fall in hepatic tissue GSH content (0.99±0.3 vs 3.4±0.3 μmol/g wet tissue, P<0.001), a marked elevation in blood pressure (203±3 vs 120±2 mmHg, P<0.001) and a significant reduction in urinary excretion of NO metabolites, nitrate + nitrite (316±23 vs 595±29 μmol/g creatinine, P<0.01), suggesting depressed NO availability. This was associated with a significant accumulation in all tested tissues of nitrotyrosine (P<0.05 for all comparisons). Administration of vitamins E+C ameliorated HTN (156±4 mmHg, P<0.01), improved urinary NOx excretion (392±28 μmol/g creatinine, P<0.05) and mitigated nitrotyrosine accumulation (despite persistent GSH depletion) in the BSO-treated animals. However, vitamins E+C treatment had no effect on any of the above parameters in the control group (data not shown). In conclusion, GSH depletion resulted in perturbation of the NO system and severe HTN in normal animals. The effects of BSO were mitigated by concomitant antioxidant therapy despite GSH depletion, supporting the notion that oxidative stress was involved in the pathogenesis of HTN in this model.

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