scholarly journals Drugs as Soulmates: The Construction and Validation of a 12-Item Soulmate Scale to Measure Substance Addiction and Loneliness

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9408
Author(s):  
T. Wing Lo ◽  
Jerf W. K. Yeung ◽  
Gabriel K. W. Lee ◽  
Cherry H. L. Tam ◽  
Gloria H. Y. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Substance Users ◽  
Substance Addiction ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
Poor Social Support ◽  
Drug Abstinence ◽  
Additional Support

Substance users use substances to tackle psychological stress, frustrations, poor social support and poor-quality relationships. Such experience resembles seeking a soulmate for receiving comfort, a sense of security and satisfaction to relieve feelings of loneliness. Against this backdrop, the study aims to develop a Soulmate Scale to measure substance use and loneliness. Data were collected from 507 drug abusers between 18–71 years of age who were receiving drug addiction treatment in Hong Kong. Both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted. Results show a valid and reliable scale with three factors: psychological release and shelter, staunch and supportive friendship, and spiritual solace and companionship. This study offers additional support for understanding the drug-taking experience of substance users from their perspective. The Scale provides a useful tool to assess the underlying reasons for substance users to persistently take drugs and formulate corresponding intervention plans to achieve drug abstinence.

scholarly journals Drug Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale (DASES): psychometric properties of the Farsi version

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Khazaee-Pool ◽  
Seyed Abolhassan Naghibi ◽  
Tahereh Pashaei ◽  
Mosharafeh Chaleshgar-Kordasiabi ◽  
Mahbobeh Daneshnia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Drug Abstinence ◽  
Farsi Version

Abstract Background Research has demonstrated that therapeutic interventions based on the self-efficacy theory produce positive outcomes for people who exhibit addictive behaviors, such as alcohol and drug use. Several questionnaires based on self-efficacy theory have been developed to evaluate the extent to which intervention programs can modify behavior. The present study describes the psychometric properties of the Farsi version of the Drug Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale (DASES). Design and methods The forward–backward approach was employed to translate the DASES from English into Farsi. A cross-sectional study was conducted, and the psychometric properties of the Farsi version of the DASES were measured. Using a cluster sampling method, 400 male people who use drugs aged 20 years or older were selected from 10 addiction treatment clinics in Mazandaran, Iran. The internal consistency and test–retest methods were used to measure the reliability of the DASES. Face and content validity were measured, and the construct validity of the DASES was assessed through both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. Results The results of the EFA indicated a four-factor solution for the DASES that accounted for 64.72% of the observed variance. The results obtained from the CFA demonstrated that the data fitted the model: the relative chi square (× 2/df) equaled 1.99 (p < 0.001), and the root mean square error of approximation equaled 0.071 (90% CI = 0.059–0.082). All the comparative indices of the model were equal to or greater than 0.90 (0.91, 0.93, 0.94, 0.93, and 0.90, respectively). The Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.90 to 0.93, proving a satisfactory reliability. Additionally, the intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.75 to 0.98, which is an acceptable result. Conclusions This study’s results show that the Iranian version of the DASES has good psychometric properties and is appropriate for assessing substance use behaviors among Iranian addicted persons.

Study on Subjective Evaluation of Comfort of Lighting Environment in Nursing Institutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 262-266
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan Zhou ◽  
Wang Da Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
Switch Control ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
Lighting Environment ◽  
Main Factors

This paper investigated and determined the subjective evaluation indicators of comfort in lighting environment for elderly in nursing institutions. Factor analysis method was utilized and the result showed that the recognition of space and figures, sense of security from even illumination, convenience of switch control and no glare were the main factors. The conclusion of the study was not only used to evaluate the lighting environment quality, but also used to guide the design of lighting environment in nursing institutions.

Applying theory of planned behavior to predict condom use intention among Iranian substance users covered by addiction treatment centers

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Moeini ◽  
Majid Barati ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Mehdi Hazavehei ◽  
Ali Reza Soltanian ◽  
Iraj Zareban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Substance Users

Factors Affecting Mobile Phone Use Among Undergraduate Students in Turkey

2013 ◽  
pp. 234-246
Author(s):  
Ali Acilar
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Mobile Phone Use ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
The World

Mobile phones are one of the fastest-adopted innovations in history. Globally, mobile phones have rapidly become widespread in most parts of the world, especially among the young generation. Young people constitute an important and significant part of mobile phone users. In this study, the author examined the factors affecting mobile phone use among undergraduate students in a developing country. The research data was collected through a convenience sample of undergraduate students in a public university in Turkey. Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the underlying factors in mobile phone use. Nine factors are identified from the results of factor analysis such as “Information,” “Attitude,” “Mobility,” “Functional service,” “Entertainment/Relaxation,” “Convenience,” “Fashion,” “Sense of security,” and “Multimedia service”.

scholarly journals Sex-habit and Sexually Transmitted Infection (STIs) Among The Drug Abusers Undergoing Detoxification

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Kazi Jahangir Hossain ◽  
Md. Rizwanul Karim ◽  
Abul Masud Md. Nurul Karim ◽  
Md. Mustafa Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Multiple Partners ◽  
Injection Drugs ◽  
Treatment Centre ◽  
N 93 ◽  
Drug Habit

Drug abuse is increasing alarmingly with time among the young-adults in Bangladesh. The objective of the study was to investigate sex-habit and STIs of the drug abusers. A total of 1076 drug abusers undergoing detoxification voluntarily at the Central Drug Addiction Treatment Centre (CTC), Tejgaon, Dhaka were investigated from September 2010 to August 2011. They were selected consecutively on the basis of defined selection criteria. Research instrument was an interviewer questionnaire and blood specimen. Results showed that 82.1% (n=883) were heterosexual and 16.2% (n=174) had no sex. The majority of them (55.3%, n=595) had enjoyed sex with multiple partners. They enjoyed sex with commercial sex sellers (11.1%, n=119) but majority of them (34.2%, n=368) had sex with all categories including spouse. Results also showed that majority of them had unethical sex, of which 24.9%(n=268) had experience about extramarital sex and 30.4%(n=327) premarital sex respectively. Around 55.0%(n=594) of them did not use condom during sex and 21.9%(n=236) used it occasionally. The 14.5%(n=156) of them had signsymptoms of gonorrhea and syphilis, of which 1.8%(n=19) had genital ulcer, 3.7%(n=40) genital discharge and 9.0%(n=97) had both ulcer and discharge respectively. In laboratory analysis, 16.3%(n=175) had STIs positive results, of which 9.9%(n=107) were RPR reactive, 1.8%(n=19) URS reactive and 4.6%(n=49) both RPR and URS reactive respectively. In drug habit, results also showed that 82.6% (n=889) of them had been using heroin and the rests used cannabis (8.6%, n=93), phensedyl (5.4%, n=58) and injections (3.3%, n=25) respectively. Forty two percent (n=455) of them had been abusing it for 1-5 years, 31.4% (n=338) for 6-10 years and 26.3%(n=283) for 11-20 years. Most of them (91.1%, n=980) used multiple illicit drugs and their ultimate choice of drug was heroin (77.3%, n=832). About 22.6%(n=243) addicts abused injection drugs in their lifetime. Altering behaviors, especially their drug habit and sexual lifestyle are still the only applicable ways to stop this human catastrophe. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v14i1.14529 J MEDICINE 2013; 14 : 5-10 

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGARUH INDEKS WALKABILITY TERHADAP KEINGINAN BERJALAN KAKI DARI DAN MENUJU STASIUN TRANSPORTASI UMUM

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 737
Author(s):  
Reynaldo Bernard Khuana ◽  
Leksmono Suryo Putranto
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Walkability Index ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Two Factors

Although the construction of public transport infrastructure is underway, the poor quality of the pedestrian paths may result in users being reluctant to use public transport. Therefore, a method to find out the walking path according to the user's desire to travel is needed. This study aims to determine the factors formed and the influence of socials-demographic characteristics on the desire to walk to and from public transportation stations in Indonesia. The statements contained in the questionnaire were made based on the walkability index that has been used previously in several countries and confirmed by factor analysis. The results of the factor analysis showed that from the 13 variables tested, there were 4 variables which were reduced until the remaining 9 variables formed 2 factors. The two factors are the convenience factor and the practicality and safety factor. socials-demographic factors such as age, gender, walking frequency, walking distance, place of residence, walking purpose, and monthly expenses did not have a significant influence on the pleasantness factor as well as the practicability and safety factor.ABSTRAKMeskipun pembangunan infrastruktur transportasi umum sedang dilakukan, kualitas jalur pejalan kaki yang buruk dapat mengakibatkan pengguna enggan untuk menggunakan transportasi umum. Oleh karena itu suatu metode untuk mengetahui jalur perjalan kaki yang sesuai dengan keinginan berjalan pengguna sangatlah diperlukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang terbentuk dan pengaruh karakteristik sosial-demografis terhadap keinginan berjalan kaki dari dan menuju stasiun transportasi umum di Indonesia. Pernyataan-pernyataan yang terdapat dari kuesioner dibuat berdasarkan indeks walkability yang telah digunakan sebelumnya pada beberapa negara dan dikonfirmasi dengan analisis faktor. Hasil analisis faktor menunjukkan dari 13 variabel yang diuji terdapat 4 variabel yang direduksi hingga tersisa 9 variabel yang membentuk 2 faktor. Kedua faktor tersebut adalah faktor kenyamanan dan faktor kepraktisan dan keselamatan. faktor sosial-demografis seperti usia, jenis kelamin, frekuensi berjalan kaki, jarak kemampuan berjalan, tempat tinggal, tujuan berjalan, dan pengeluaran tiap bulan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap faktor kenyamanan maupun faktor kenyamanan dan keselamatan.

scholarly journals Character and High Risk Behaviour of Drug Addicts for Spreading Hepatitis B and HIV Infection in a Selected Area of Dhaka City

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Hakim ◽  
M Ahmad ◽  
S Naher ◽  
M Ali ◽  
MU Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
High Risk Behaviour

Introduction: The number of drug abusers is increasing in an alarming state in Bangladesh and they are identified as high risk group for developing Hepatitis B and HIV. Objectives: The aim of this study was to find out various information about drug addicts and their behavioural pattern which can guide the future developmental strategies and planning for reduction of spreading hepatitis B and HIV among the vulnerable population. Methods: This descriptive type of cross sectional study was performed during July 2006 to June 2007 in three different drug addiction treatment clinic in Uttara, Dhaka on high risk behaviour of drug addicts . A total 194 Drug addicts were interviewed individually by using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was filled up by the author during interview. All the data were checked and edited after collection on the spot. Compilation and subsequent tabulation were done manually. Simple technique of data analysis for percentage, average, standard deviations etc. were done with scientific calculator and using SPSS 11. Results: Out of 194 cases 180 (92.78%) were male and 114(58.76%) were unmarried. Most of them 118(60.82%) were within the age group of 20 to 29 years. They have an average family income of 12456.39 Taka per month. Most of the addicts 73(37.63%) were students.Average family size of drug addicts were 6.73 and majority of them 148(76.29%) resided with parents. Only 16(8.24%) drug addicts expressed quarrelsome relationship among their parents and 21(10.83%) stated a bad relationship with other family members. Of them 86(44.33%) started to have taking drug at an age range between 20 to 29 years and most of them 156(80.41%) used poly drug.Heroin 161(82.99%) ranked top as abused drug. Most of them 143(73.71%) were influenced by their friends for initiation of drug addiction. The average daily expense for drug was 191.13 Taka per day and most of them 142(73.19%) had frequency of drug abuse more than once daily. Only 20(10.31%) were found as Intravenous Drug Users (IDU); 16(80%) of the IDUs shared same syringe/needle.Among all the addicts 6(3.09%) were professional blood donor and among the IDU 4(20%) were professional blood donors. 139(71.65%) had history of sex without condom. 82(42.27%) were unaware about high risk behaviour due to lack of adequate knowledge. 185(95.36%) used to procure drug from black market. 5(25%) of IDU and 2(1.15%) of non IDU were found to be Hepatitis B positive though no HIV positive case was found. Conclusion: Wide spread motivation of the drug addicts and nationwide publicity regarding the ill effects of their high risk behaviour are needed to combat the spread of Hepatitis B/ HIV. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v9i1.18723 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.9(1) 2013: 35-42

scholarly journals Psychosocial illness among the drug abusers undergoing detoxification in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Bushra Zaman ◽  
SM Moslehuddin Ahmed ◽  
Mir Mahmud Hossain ◽  
Md Mustafa Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Control Drug ◽  
Treatment Centre

Abuse of drugs is a worldwide problem. Drug addiction is increasing tremendously in the South Asian countries especially in Bangladesh where such addiction is widespread among the younger age groups. It causes rapid erosion of educational, cultural, moral and family values. On the basis of defined criteria a total of 300 drug abusers who undergoing detoxification at the outpatient department of Central Drug Addiction Treatment Centre, Tejgaon, Dhaka were selected. The study was done for a period of one year from July 2013 to June 2014. Data were collected by face to face interview using pre-tested questionnaire. The analysis was done by computer using SPSS version 22.0. About 68% of the drug abusers had taken drugs for 2-5 years and 38% had taken three drugs during their life time. The major influencing factor for taking drugs was for peer pressure. Among the drug abusers 77% had taken Ganja, 60% Heroin as their first drug and 37% Yaba as their last drug. The depression was measured by the Beck's Depression Inventory that showed 55% of the drug abusers had moderate depression, 23% borderline clinical depression, 15% mild mood disturbance, 4% severe depression, and 3% had extreme depression. There were s ignificant associations between the duration of taking drugs (p<0.001), the number of taking drugs (p<0.006), and the age of first use of drugs (p<0.019) with depression. Majority of the drug abusers had depression and a significant number of them were involved in antisocial activities as well as violence. Family and social participation, behavioral therapies and proper medical management are essential to control drug addiction.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.4(2) 2014: 36-41

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON TOBACCO ADDICTION AND ITS MANAGEMENT: AN AYURVEDIC APPROACH

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar ◽  
Manish Rajak ◽  
Jai Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Social Consequence ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Substance Addiction ◽  
Tobacco Addiction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Common ◽  
Modern Era

Addiction is a very common habitual psychological or physiological disorder in this modern era. It is a condition of dependence on any substances or drugs. It harms human beings along with its social consequence. Sudden withdrawal of addicted drugs produces different types of psychosomatic disorders. Addiction is not only about drug addiction or alcohol addiction or substance addiction. In the Ayurvedic view, overuse of any aspect and every aspect is considered an addiction. Addictions influence the physical, emotional and psychological behaviour of an individual with a wrong effect. Tobacco and alcohol are the most widely consumed psychotropic drugs which are used worldwide. The common use of both increases the risk of noncommunicable diseases to many folds. Ayurvedic texts have described different types of De-addiction treatment which can be applied in this context along with replacement therapy with medicines described in the Madatyaya chapter of Charaka Samhita Chikitsa sthana. The main aim of this review article is to compile and evaluate the concept of tobacco addiction and its management. All the descriptions of addiction mentioned in different Ayurvedic texts were critically analyzed and discussed to check their relation.

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