scholarly journals Distress and Resilience in Resettled Refugees of War: Implications for Screening

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1238
Author(s):  
Michael Hollifield ◽  
Eric C. Toolson ◽  
Sasha Verbillis-Kolp ◽  
Beth Farmer ◽  
Junko Yamazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Distress Screening ◽  
Screening For Distress ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
High Distress ◽  
Migration Stress ◽  
Domestic Medical

There is little work published about predictors of specific trajectory types of distress in refugees of war during early resettlement in a host country. Data about distress (Refugee Health Screener—15 (RHS-15)) and possible predictors of distress were collected at the domestic medical examination (T1) within 90 days of arrival and the civil surgeon examination (T2) 11–16 months after T1 for refugee groups from three countries (COU). Descriptive, correlative, analyses of variance, and regression techniques were used to determine trajectory type and their predictors. A higher percentage (7.3%) were distressed at T2 than at T1. By group, the Bhutanese became more distressed, the Burmese became less distressed, and Iraqi’s continued to have high distress. A regression model showed gender, loss, post-migration stress, and self-efficacy to be significant predictors of trajectory type (R2 = 0.46). When the T1 RHS-15 score was added to the model, observed variance increased (R2 = 0.53) and T1 RHS score accounted for the majority of variance (r = 0.64, p < 0.001), with post-migration stress accounting for markedly less (β = 0.19, p = 0.03). Loss and self-efficacy became less significant. Loss was, however, a strong predictor of delayed and chronic distress trajectory type. These data suggest that screening for distress should occur at least twice during resettlement to detect those with initial distress and those with delayed distress. Screening should be coupled with identifying other social determinants of health and a comprehensive assessment to determine the need for intervention for secondary prevention (i.e., reducing delayed distress) and treatment (reducing chronic distress).

THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL TIES AND SELF-EFFICACY IN FORMING ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS AND MOTIVATING NASCENT BEHAVIOR

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 275-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNIFER SEQUEIRA ◽  
STEPHEN L. MUELLER ◽  
JEFFREY E. MCGEE
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Business Knowledge ◽  
Entrepreneurial Action

Theoretical models of entrepreneurship suggest that an individual's intention to start an enterprise is a strong predictor of eventual entrepreneurial action. Less understood are factors that influence the likelihood of entrepreneurial intentions and nascent behavior. In this study, we develop and test several hypotheses about how social network ties and self-efficacy affect entrepreneurial intentions and nascent behavior. We found that a personal network of supportive strong ties coupled with high entrepreneurial self-efficacy increases the likelihood of entrepreneurial intentions and nascent behavior. A personal network of weak ties with practical business knowledge and experience also increases the likelihood of entrepreneurial nascent behavior but not entrepreneurial intentions. In contrast, a personal network of strong ties with practical business knowledge and experience has little effect on either intentions or nascent behavior and may, in fact, suppress both. The contribution of this study to nascent entrepreneurship research and implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional audit of distress in patients undergoing adjuvant therapy or follow-up in central nervous system malignancies

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-310
Author(s):  
Vijay M Patil ◽  
Mridul Malhotra ◽  
Raees Tonse ◽  
Jayita Deodhar ◽  
Arun Chandrasekharan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Distress Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Distress Score ◽  
High Distress ◽  
Cancer Network

Abstract Background Unaddressed high distress leads to noncompliance with treatment, negatively affects quality of life, and may also have a negative impact on the prognosis of cancer patients. Patients with brain tumors have higher levels of distress than the general population and hence we hypothesize that even routine visits during adjuvant treatment or follow-up are likely to be stressful. This analysis was performed to identify the incidence of distress and factors affecting it. Methods This was an audit of 84 consecutive patients seen in an adult neuro-medical oncology outpatient department who were either receiving adjuvant chemotherapy or were on follow-up. Distress screening with the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) distress thermometer was performed. Patients in whom distress was scored as 4 or above were considered as having high distress. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were performed to identify factors affecting distress. Results The median age of the cohort was 40 years (interquartile range, 28.3 to 50 years). Actionable distress defined as a distress score of 4 or more was seen in 52 patients (61.9%, 95% CI 51.2% to 71.5%). Presence of physical deficit (odds ratio [OR] = 3.412, P = .020) and treatment under the private category (OR = 5.273, P = .003) had higher odds of having high distress. Conclusion A high proportion of brain tumor patients either on adjuvant chemotherapy or on follow-up have high distress levels that need to be addressed even during follow-up.

Entrepreneurship education intention and entrepreneurial intention amongst disadvantaged students: an empirical study

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh Shrivastava ◽  
Satya Ranjan Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Disadvantaged Students ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Disadvantaged Community ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Disadvantaged students face social exclusion and undergo a different treatment than mainstream students. This alters their entrepreneurial intention subsequently. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting disadvantaged students’ intention in their willingness to undergo entrepreneurship education as a vocational course. The variables include self-efficacy, need for achievement (nAch) and family background. The paper further examines whether entrepreneurship education intention enhances their entrepreneurial intention. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a deductive quantitative study as the chosen approach as it ensures complete anonymity and hence researcher bias is minimized. The sample consists of the third year, final year and postgraduate first year disadvantaged students from different streams of engineering, economics, arts and commerce. The study was conducted with a total of 319 students completing the questionnaire which used a five-point Likert scale. Findings Using the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the results show that willingness of disadvantaged students to study entrepreneurship as a vocational course is highly driven by their family background followed by self-efficacy and nAch. The results further strengthen the TPB and has implications for educators of entrepreneurship and a possibility of a widening of entrepreneurship education in disadvantaged community. Research limitations/implications The study measured attitudes and willingness with intentions, but not actual behavior as this was a cross-sectional study. Also, repeated observations could not be made and dynamics of change could not be captured. Originality/value This is one of the few studies focused on entrepreneurial intention of students who are socially excluded and therefore it offers a possibility of widening of entrepreneurship education in countries such as India which display a collectivist culture and provides an intention-based linkage to entrepreneurship education among disadvantaged students. This study also puts subjective norm as a strong predictor of intentions which previous studies have refuted. The findings also suggest that there is a strong intent to study entrepreneurship among disadvantaged students in India, which makes entrepreneurship education a seemingly acceptable choice of education and suggests promise for its wider reach and penetration.

scholarly journals Effects on patient-reported outcomes of “Screening of Distress and Referral Need” implemented in Dutch oncology practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 3391-3398
Author(s):  
Floor M. van Nuenen ◽  
Stacey M. Donofrio ◽  
Marrit A. Tuinman ◽  
Harry B. M. van de Wiel ◽  
Josette E. H. M. Hoekstra-Weebers
Keyword(s):  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Distress Screening ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Distress Level ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Specialized Care ◽  
Eortc Qlq C30 ◽  
Screening For Distress ◽  
Oncology Practice ◽  
Eortc Qlq

Abstract Purpose This study investigated the effect of the “Screening for Distress and Referral Need” (SDRN) process (completing a screening instrument; patient-caregiver discussion about the patient’s responses, regardless of distress level, and possible referral to specialized care), implemented in Dutch oncology practice on patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Methods A non-randomized time-sequential study was conducted to compare two cohorts. Cohort 1 respondents (C1) were recruited before and cohort 2 respondents (C2) after SDRN implementation in nine Dutch hospitals. Participants completed the EORTC-QLQ-C30, HADS, Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-III, and the Distress Thermometer and Problem List (DT&PL). Descriptive analyses and univariate tests were conducted. Results C2 respondents (N = 422, response = 54%) had significantly lower mean scores on the practical (t = 2.3; p = 0.02), social (t = 2.3; p = 0.03), and emotional PL domains (t = 2.9; p = 0.004) compared with C1 (N = 518, response = 53%). No significant differences were found on quality of life, anxiety, depression, satisfaction with care, distress level, the spiritual and physical PL domains, or on referral wish. Conclusions After implementation of SDRN, patients report significantly fewer psychosocial (practical, social, and emotional) problems on the DT/PL but responses on the other patient-reported outcomes were comparable. These results add to the mixed evidence on the beneficial effect of distress screening. More and better focused research is needed.

Development of a Scale to Assess Physician Advance Care Planning Self-Efficacy

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin R. Baughman ◽  
Ruth Ludwick ◽  
Rebecca Fischbein ◽  
Kenelm McCormick ◽  
James Meeker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Advance Care Planning ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Care Planning ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Advance Care

Background: Although patients prefer that physicians initiate advance care planning (ACP) conversations, few physicians regularly do so. Physicians may be reluctant to initiate ACP conversations because they lack self-efficacy in their skills. Yet, no validated scale on self-efficacy for ACP exists. Our objective was to develop a scale that measures physicians’ ACP self-efficacy (ACP-SE) and to investigate the validity of the tool. Methods: Electronic questionnaires were administered to a random sample of family medicine physicians (n = 188). Exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine whether the scale was multidimensional. An initial assessment of the scale’s validity was also conducted. Results: The exploratory factor analysis indicated that a single factor was appropriate using all 17 items. A single, unidimensional scale was created by averaging the 17 items, yielding good internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.95). The average scale score was 3.94 (standard deviation = 0.71) on a scale from 1 to 5. The scale was moderately correlated with a global single-item measure of self-efficacy for ACP ( r = .79, P < .001), and the scale differentiated between physician groups based on how much ACP they were doing, how recently they had an ACP conversation, formal training on ACP, and knowledge of ACP. In a multivariate analysis, the ACP-SE scale was a strong predictor of the percentage of patients with chronic life-limiting diseases with whom the physician discussed ACP. Conclusion: The final ACP-SE scale included 17 items and demonstrated high internal consistency.

Does distress screening lead to mental health care in older adult surgical patients?

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11543-11543
Author(s):  
Kelly Marie Trevino ◽  
Christian J. Nelson ◽  
Rebecca Saracino ◽  
Beatriz Korc-Grodzicki ◽  
Saman Sarraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Distress Screening ◽  
Poor Social Support ◽  
High Distress

11543 Background: Surgery is a notable stressor for older adults with cancer who are often medically complex and frail. The American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer requires distress screening in accredited cancer care settings. The degree to which distress screening leads to mental health use is unclear. This study examined rates and predictors of post-surgical mental health care in older adults referred for a preoperative evaluation. Methods: Patients aged 75 years or older (n = 1,008) referred to the Geriatrics Service at a comprehensive cancer center were enrolled. Patients underwent elective surgery with a length of stay of 3 days or longer and were followed for at least 30 days after surgery. A comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) was administered as part of routine care. Surgical characteristics and post-surgical encounters with social work, psychology, and psychiatry were abstracted from the electronic medical record. Bivariate relationships between demographic and surgical characteristics and the CGA and post-operative receipt of mental health services were examined. Characteristics with significant (p < .01) bivariate relationships were entered into a multivariable regression predicting post-operative mental health service use. Results: One-quarter of the total sample (n = 246, 24.4%) received post-operative mental health services. In multivariable analyses, high distress (Distress Thermometer score≥4; p = .01), poor social support (p = .01), iADL dependence (p = .04), and longer length of stay (p < .001) were associated with receipt of mental health services after controlling for significant sociodemographic and surgical characteristics and CGA variables. Of patients with high distress, poor social support, or iADL dependence, only one-third (29-33%) received mental health care. Conclusions: Distressed older adults and those with low levels of support pre-operatively were more likely to receive mental health services after surgery, controlling for sociodemographic and surgical characteristics. Yet, only one-third of these patients received mental health care. These findings suggest that barriers to translating distress screening into provision of mental health services remain.

scholarly journals Self concept, self efficacy, and interpersonal communication effectiveness of student

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Safitri Yulikhah ◽  
Baidi Bukhori ◽  
Ali Murtadho
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Communication Effectiveness ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Psychological Scales ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling ◽  
Communication Scale

Successful interpersonal communication is one of the determinants of success factors of preaching, counseling, and learning. However, the data showed that not all students can deliver effective interpersonal communication. It can be developed if students have self-concept and self-efficacy. This study aims to examine the effects of self-concept and self-efficacy on students' interpersonal communication. The subjects of this study were 342 students of the Walisongo State Islamic University of Semarang, who were selected using the cluster random sampling technique. Data were collected using three psychological scales, namely self-concept scale, self-efficacy, and effective interpersonal communication scale. Simple regression techniques and multiple regressions were used for analyzing the data. The results of the study showed that self-concept partially influenced the effectiveness of the students' interpersonal communication, contributing by 12.7%. In line with the finding, self-efficacy also has a contribution to it by 12%. Also, self-concept and self-efficacy simultaneously had contributions to the effectiveness of the students' interpersonal communication as much as 12.2%.

scholarly journals A Role for Cancer Nurses: Responding to Distress in Cancer Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Fitch ◽  
Deborah McLeod ◽  
Doris Howell ◽  
Esther Green
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Care Patient ◽  
Distress Screening ◽  
Guidelines Implementation ◽  
Continuous Quality ◽  
Quality Cancer Care ◽  
Screening For Distress ◽  
Cancer Nurses ◽  
Patient Concerns

Background: Although all patients experience distress, between 35-45% experience clinically significant levels of distress such as anxiety, depression and adjustment difficulties. Early identification of distress and the provision of relevant interventions is a standard of quality cancer care. Nurses have a critically important role in identifying individuals with distress and providing interventions to manage distress.Objectives: Our objectives are to define the role of cancer nurses in responding to emotional distress experienced by cancer patients and to document the best practices for implementing a program of screening for distress in ambulatory settings.Methods: A programmatic approach to screening for distress (6th vital sign) has been implemented in several cancer facilities across Canada. The program includes protocols for screening, algorithms for assessment, and guidelines for evidenced based interventions. Introduction of the programs have included relevant education of nurses and close attention to uptake and utilization of practice guidelines. Implementation has been mounted within the context of continuous quality improvement and the use of rapid cycle evaluation.Results: Evaluation of successful program implementation has shown increased patient satisfaction with care. Patient concerns provide the focus for opening conversations with individuals and the basis for planning person-centered approaches to care. Patient concerns are identified through the screening maneuver beyond those related to tumor and side effect management. Nurses are in an excellent position to respond to scores on a standardized distress screening tool as part of their patient assessments. The assessments provide a foundation for individualized or tailored interventions.Conclusions: Using a concrete programmatic approach, including screening, focused evidence-based assessment and interventions, offers benefits in achieving person-centered care for cancer patients. In busy clinical settings, an intentional effort is needed to implement a programmatic approach to screening followed by appropriate assessment and intervention.

scholarly journals Analisis Hubungan Self-efficacy dan Metakognitif terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa SMA Berdasarkan Gender pada Konsep Genetika

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Dewi Purnamasari Suherman ◽  
Widi Purwianingsih ◽  
Sariwulan Diana
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Female Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Final Questionnaire

The lower of awareness, motivation, and self regulation students’ on learning is a major concern in science education. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of self-efficacy beliefs and metacognitive on academic performance among high school students based on gender on Genetic concept that include sub-concepts: Genetic Mendel, Heredity, and Mutation. Descriptive method is constructed this study. A total of 60 students XII grader of high school are participated in the study. Data were collected by Self-efficacy and Metacognitive Questionnaire, Genetic Concept Test, and Final Questionnaire.  Data were analyzed using inferential statistics, regression. Regression analysis indicated that self-efficacy and metacognitive was a strong predictor of academic performance. This case are showed by the value of regression, R = 0.612 so that self-efficacy and metacognitive were inferred was a strong predictor of academic performance. The other finding on this research show that male students are outperforming female students on self-efficacy, metacognitive, and academic performance, so that can be conducted a further research about how to increase level of self-efficacy and metacognitive on female students.

Socioeconomic status, secondary prevention activities during the first year after a myocardial infarction and target attainments

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ohm ◽  
P.H Skoglund ◽  
H Habel ◽  
J Sundstrom ◽  
K Hambraeus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Recurrent Events ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
City Council ◽  
First Year ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Prevention Activities

Abstract Background Socioeconomic status (SES) is a strong predictor of recurrent events post-myocardial infarction (MI) with unclear underlying mechanisms. To what extent SES is associated with secondary prevention activities (SPAs) and attainment of quality-of-care treatment goals is unknown. Purpose We aimed to assess the association between SES and SPAs during the first year post-MI and attained treatment targets at the 1-year follow-up. Methods Nationwide Swedeheart registry-based cohort study on 30,191 18–76 year old 11–15 month survivors of a first MI (8,180 women) 2006–2013. Complementary individual-level clinical data and data on SES (age and gender stratified quintiles of disposable income, level of education, and marital status), were linked from other national registries. Associations between SES and the outcomes were estimated in multivariable logistic regression models with basic adjustment for potential registry-related confounding. Results The associations between all indicators of SES and attendance to patient education and physical training programs were strong, moderate for dietary program attendance but absent for participation in smoking cessation program (Table 1). Higher SES was also associated with repeated lipid profile measurements and the highest vs lowest income with intensified statin therapy. Correspondingly, higher SES was associated with having achieved target levels of LDL-C, blood pressure, and HbA1c as well as with persistence to and being on high intensity statin treatment (Figure 1). Further, higher SES was strongly associated with having quit smoking. No association with income was however observed regarding the weekly physical activity goal. Conclusions Higher SES was strongly associated with most SPAs including programs aiming at life style change and risk factor control as well as with attainment of corresponding secondary prevention targets. This may be explanatory for higher long-term risk of recurrent disease. Figure 1. Target Attainment Forest Plots Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Other. Main funding source(s): Stockholm City Council and The Swedish Heart and Lung Association

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