scholarly journals The Economic Burden of Dementia: Evidence from a Survey of Households of People with Dementia and Their Caregivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2717
Author(s):  
Hikaru Oba ◽  
Yoshihiko Kadoya ◽  
Haruka Okamoto ◽  
Teruyuki Matsuoka ◽  
Yoshinari Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Severity Of Dementia ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Trust Systems

Although a cognitive impairment such as dementia causes serious economic problems among older people, its impact on economic activities is unclear. This study investigated the actual conditions of economic activities and the current status of the financial support systems among people with dementia and caregivers. One hundred and five dyads participated in the survey. Each dyad consisted of an older person with Alzheimer’s disease and their caregiver. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Functional Assessment Staging (FAST) were used to evaluate the cognitive functions of people with dementia. The caregivers were asked questions concerning the financial status of the household and their utilization of the financial support systems available to people with dementia. Average monthly care costs significantly increased according to the severity of dementia, while household income and spending incurred no significant changes. People with dementia experienced financial problems (including a large amount of erroneously purchased, unnecessary shopping), even though their assets were informally managed by their caregivers. Financial support systems such as adult guardianship and civil trust systems were rarely known and used. We proposed the propagation of the adult guardianship and civil trust systems and the development of contract guidelines for elderly customers including people with dementia.

Die Ökonomie des Zwischenlandes.

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (183) ◽  
pp. 289-305
Author(s):  
Angela Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Security Control ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Migration Politics ◽  
European Migration

The following article is based on my fieldwork in Morocco and represents anthropological data collected amongst undocumented sub-Saharan migrants in Morocco. They want to enter Europe in search for a better life for themselves and to provide financial support for their families. Due to heavy border security control and repression, they find themselves trapped at the gates of Europe, where they are trying to survive by engaging in various economic activities in the informal sector. The article begins with an overview of the European migration politics in Africa and the geopolitical and historical context of Morocco, in light of the externalization of European border control. I will then analyze the various economic sectors, in which sub-Saharan migrations are active, as well as smuggling networks, informal camps and remittances, on which they largely depend due to the exclusion from the national job market.

Analyzing the production and economic indicators of Russia's largest iron and steel works

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1531-1550
Author(s):  
N.N. Yashalova ◽  
I.L. Ryabkov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
The Russian Federation

Subject. We investigate trends in the development of the largest steel companies in the Russian Federation. Objectives. The aim of the study is to conduct an industry-wide analysis of the production and economic activities of the largest domestic enterprises operating in the iron and steel industry. Methods. The study employs methods of comparative and system analysis, graphical and statistical methods for data processing. Results. We present the analysis of main production and economic indicators of the leading steel producers of the Russian Federation, i.e. NLMK, Severstal, MMK, and EVRAZ. The paper reveals their current status and key development trends. Conclusions. The largest Russian steel companies face serious challenges in both the domestic and foreign market. Competitive interactions in the domestic market as to the sale price of rolled metal and the share of presence are particularly sensitive. The threat of reduced supplies to export markets is also significant for Russian steel producers. It may entail insufficient utilization of capacities and potential loss of added value. The companies mainly export semi–finished goods and hot-rolled flat products, i.e. low-added value products. Products with high added value are usually delivered to the domestic market.

Portable Life Support System: Current Status and Future Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-28
Author(s):  
Jingang Jiang ◽  
Yihao Chen ◽  
Xuefeng Ma ◽  
Yongde Zhang ◽  
Zhiyuan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Support System ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Life Support System ◽  
Life Support Systems ◽  
Special Circumstances ◽  
And Control ◽  
Further Development

Background: Portable life support system is used in the battlefield, disaster and in other special circumstances such as in space exploration, and underground survey to give the wounded a life support. The most dangerous period for the injured is the first hour after an injury, which is a crucial time for treatment. If the patient's vital signs were stabilized, more than 40% of the injured could be saved. The staff can efficiently complete the task if they get effective and stable vital signs during the operation. Therefore, in order to reduce the risk of disaster and battlefield mortality to improve operational safety and efficiency, it is necessary to study the portable life support system. Objective: The study aimed to provide an overview of recent portable life support system and its characteristics and design. Methods: This paper introduces the patents and products related to a portable life support system, and its characteristics and application. Results: This paper summarizes five kinds of portable life support systems which are box type, stretcher type, bed type, backpack type and mobile type. Moreover, the characteristics of different portable life support systems are analyzed. The paper expounds the problems of different types of portable life support systems and puts forward improvement methods to solve the problems. Finally, the paper points out the future development of the system. Conclusion: Portable life support system plays an increasingly important role in health care. In terms of the structure, function and control, further development and improvements are needed, along with the research on portable life support system.

scholarly journals Impact of Social Isolation on People with Dementia and Their Family Caregivers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lílian Viana dos Santos Azevedo ◽  
Ismael Luis Calandri ◽  
Andrea Slachevsky ◽  
Héctor Gastón Graviotto ◽  
Maria Carolina Santos Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
South American ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Dementia Caregivers ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Moderate Dementia ◽  
Severity Of Dementia

Background: People with dementia and their family caregivers may face a great burden through social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be manifested as various behavioral and clinical symptoms. Objective: To investigate the impacts of social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with dementia and their family caregivers. Methods: Two semi-structured questionnaires were applied via telephone to family caregivers of people diagnosed with dementia in three cities in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, in order to assess clinical and behavioral changes in people with dementia and in their caregivers. Results: In general, 321 interviews were conducted. A significant decline in memory function has been reported among 53.0%of people with dementia. In addition, 31.2%of individuals with dementia felt sadder and 37.4%had increased anxiety symptoms. These symptoms of anxiety were greater in individuals with mild to moderate dementia, while symptoms of agitation were greater in individuals with severe dementia. Moreover, compulsive-obsessive behavior, hallucinations, increased forgetfulness, altered appetite, and increased difficulty in activities of daily living were reported more frequently among individuals with moderate to severe dementia. Caregivers reported feeling more tired and overwhelmed during this period and these symptoms were also influenced by the severity of dementia. Conclusion: Social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic triggered a series of negative behavioral repercussions, both for people with dementia and for their family caregivers in these three South American countries.

Group activity with Paro in nursing homes: systematic investigation of behaviors in participants

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1345-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Jøranson ◽  
Ingeborg Pedersen ◽  
Anne Marie Mork Rokstad ◽  
Geir Aamodt ◽  
Christine Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Group Activity ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Group Activities ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Moderate Dementia ◽  
Total Session Time ◽  
Severity Of Dementia

ABSTRACTBackground:A variety of group activities is promoted for nursing home (NH) residents with dementia with the aim to reduce apathy and to increase engagement and social interaction. Investigating behaviors related to these outcomes could produce insights into how the activities work. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate behaviors seen in people with dementia during group activity with the seal robot Paro, differences in behaviors related to severity of dementia, and to explore changes in behaviors.Methods:Thirty participants from five NHs formed groups of five to six participants at each NH. Group sessions with Paro lasted for 30 minutes twice a week during 12 weeks of intervention. Video recordings were conducted in the second and tenth week. An ethogram, containing 18 accurately defined and described behaviors, mapped the participants’ behaviors. Duration of behaviors, such as “Observing Paro,” “Conversation with Paro on the lap,” “Smile/laughter toward other participants,” were converted to percentage of total session time and analyzed statistically.Results:“Observing Paro” was observed more often in participants with mild to moderate dementia (p = 0.019), while the variable “Observing other things” occurred more in the group of severe dementia (p = 0.042). “Smile/laughter toward other participants” showed an increase (p = 0.011), and “Conversations with Paro on the lap” showed a decrease (p = 0.014) during the intervention period.Conclusions:Participants with severe dementia seemed to have difficulty in maintaining attention toward Paro during the group session. In the group as a whole, Paro seemed to be a mediator for increased social interactions and created engagement.

How do people with dementia respond to different types of art? An explorative study into interactive museum programs

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (06) ◽  
pp. 857-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Hendriks ◽  
F. J. M. Meiland ◽  
K. Slotwinska ◽  
R. Kroeze ◽  
H. Weinstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Art Programs ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Museum Programs ◽  
Severity Of Dementia ◽  
Museum Tour

ABSTRACTObjectives:Various art programs are available for people with dementia. These have been shown to contribute to the patient’s quality of life. But are all types of art suitable for this purpose and for the target group? This study investigated whether responsiveness during museum programs depends on the type of art work shown and/or characteristics of the person with dementia, such as severity of dementia or specific cognitive impairments.Method:A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in which the responsiveness of people with dementia to different types of art was investigated as part of a study into the implementation of the Unforgettable program, an interactive guided museum tour program in Dutch museums for people with dementia.Results:The appreciative and active responsiveness and interaction with others during the program appeared related to the severity of dementia, to specific cognitive impairments, and to type of artworks. People with more severe dementia responded less to art than people with mild dementia. Artworks with more natural elements revealed less interaction with others. Artifacts (i.e., objects not originally meant as artworks) evoked more reactions than artworks.Conclusion:The study results are important to take into account when designing and offering art programs for people with dementia. Knowing which type of art works appeals most to (subgroups of) people with dementia will contribute to the optimization of art programs for this target group and to their active participation in such programs.

Clinical Decision Support Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Andreas Teufel ◽  
Harald Binder
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support Systems ◽  
Clinical Decision Support ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Decision Support Systems ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Care Providers

<b><i>Background:</i></b> By combining up-to-date medical knowledge and steadily increasing patient data, a new level of medical care can emerge. <b><i>Summary and Key Messages:</i></b> Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) are an arising solution to handling rich data and providing them to health care providers in order to improve diagnosis and treatment. However, despite promising examples in many areas, substantial evidence for a thorough benefit of these support solutions is lacking. This may be due to a lack of general frameworks and diverse health systems around the globe. We therefore summarize the current status of CDSSs in medicine but also discuss potential limitations that need to be overcome in order to further foster future development and acceptance.

Serbia

2019 ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
Slavica Djukic-Dejanovic ◽  
Gorica Djokic
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Care Programme ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Support Programme ◽  
Home Help ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Neurology Clinic ◽  
Palliative Care Programme ◽  
Care Costs

Serbia is among the demographically older countries in the world, with 18% of the population aged above 65 years. One in two persons older than 65 years lives with an old spouse. The Serbian National Strategy on ageing identified poverty as a widespread companion of ageing, with a rising poverty index. In 2007, the first non-governmental organization, called ‘Alchajmer’, was established in Sremska Kamenica to support people with Alzheimer’s disease and their caregivers. In 2008, the first Centre for Memory Disorders and Dementia was established as part of the Neurology Clinic at the Clinical Centre of Serbia in Belgrade. A National Guide for Alzheimer’s disease was published in 2013. The Serbian health insurance scheme covers care costs for people with severe dementia through its support programme called Advanced Home Help, which includes provision of geriatric housekeepers from the palliative care programme, as well as modest financial support in accordance with the state’s financial capabilities. There are over 160,000 people with dementia in Serbia, comprising approximately 13% of the Serbian population aged above 65 years, of whom only 4% are prescribed appropriate pharmacological treatment.

Neuroscientific Approaches for Maintaining, Balancing, and Developing Mature Workers

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doo Hun Lim ◽  
Sunyoung Park ◽  
Cho Hyun Park ◽  
Chang Sung Jang
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Support ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Economic Issue ◽  
Learning And Development ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Brain Based Learning ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Mature Workers

As the aging population is rapidly increasing worldwide, keeping older workers to address the skilled labor shortage has been an important economic issue. This study pursues the current status of the older workforce in the U.S., identifies organizational support systems for mature workers, and proposes neuroscientific approaches and methods to maintain and develop effective mature workers through an integrative review of recent research findings in neuroscience and brain-based learning and development.

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