scholarly journals Eating Alone or Together among Community-Living Older People—A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3495
Author(s):  
Amanda Björnwall ◽  
Ylva Mattsson Sydner ◽  
Afsaneh Koochek ◽  
Nicklas Neuman
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Community Living ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Research Designs

Research on healthy aging commonly concerns problems related to loneliness and food intake. These are not independent aspects of health since eating, beyond its biological necessity, is a central part of social life. This scoping review aimed to map scientific articles on eating alone or together among community-living older people, and to identify relevant research gaps. Four databases were searched, 989 articles were identified and 98 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In the first theme, eating alone or together are treated as central topics of interest, isolated from adjoining, broader concepts such as social participation. In the second, eating alone or together are one aspect of the findings, e.g., one of several risk factors for malnutrition. Findings confirm the significance of commensality in older peoples’ life. We recommend future research designs allowing identification of causal relationships, using refined ways of measuring meals alone or together, and qualitative methods adding complexity.

scholarly journals Talent Research in Sport 1990–2018: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Baker ◽  
Stuart Wilson ◽  
Kathryn Johnston ◽  
Nima Dehghansai ◽  
Aaron Koenigsberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Variables ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Research Designs

Several recent systematic and targeted reviews have highlighted limitations in our understanding of talent in sport. However, a comprehensive profile of where the scientific research has focused would help identify gaps in current knowledge. Our goal in this scoping review was (a) to better understand what others have done in the field of research (e.g., what groups have been examined using what research designs and in what areas), (b) to summarize the constituent areas of research in a meaningful way, (c) to help identify gaps in the research, and (d) to encourage future research to address these gaps. Peer-reviewed articles written in English that met several inclusion criteria were analyzed. A total of 1,899 articles were identified, and the descriptive findings revealed a relatively narrow focus of research on talent in sport. Specifically, the majority of examined articles focused on (a) males only, (b) the sport of soccer, (c) perceptual cognitive variables, (d) developing athletes, (e) adult samples, and (f) cross-sectional designs. For better or worse, the concept of talent remains a central element of how coaches, practitioners, and scientists think about athlete development. Findings from this scoping review highlight the continued need to explore issues related to talent identification, selection, and development in more diverse samples (e.g., female athletes and younger ages) and contexts (e.g., from Africa, Asia, and South America). There is also a clear necessity to focus on under-researched areas using alternative methodologies.

In-hand manipulation assessment instruments for children: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
pp. 030802262110378
Author(s):  
Annelize Kruger ◽  
Monique Strauss ◽  
Marieta Visser
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Instrument Development ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Inclusion Criteria

Aim Accurate assessment of in-hand manipulation is imperative when treating children with fine motor delays. A clinically suitable instrument for in-hand manipulation is required to inform the paediatric developmental and rehabilitation context. Critical evaluation of the available instrument is required to make an informed decision and direct future research. The aim of the study was to assess the available literature with a view to writing a scoping review on in-hand manipulation assessment instruments for children. Methods The Arskey and O'Malley six-stage scoping review was applied. Fifteen databases were sourced for articles published between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2020. After identifying 33 eligible articles that met the inclusion criteria, the data obtained from the articles were charted. Results Eleven in-hand manipulation assessment instruments were identified and summarised according to (i) the constructs of in-hand manipulation included; (ii) clinical utility aspects of applicability and practicality and (iii) psychometric properties. Conclusion At the time of the review, none of the instruments had comprehensively completed the instrument development process to the point of standardisation with evaluated psychometric properties. Further research is recommended for the development of a gold standard in-hand manipulation assessment instrument.

scholarly journals The Effects of Cannabis Use on Cognitive Function in Healthy Aging: A Systematic Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Pocuca ◽  
T Jordan Walter ◽  
Arpi Minassian ◽  
Jared W Young ◽  
Mark A Geyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chronic Doses

Abstract Background Older adults (≥50 years) represent the fastest-growing population of people who use cannabis, potentially due to the increasing promotion of cannabis as medicine by dispensaries and cannabis websites. Given healthy aging and cannabis use are both associated with cognitive decline, it is important to establish the effects of cannabis on cognition in healthy aging. Objective This systematic scoping review used preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines to critically examine the extent of literature on this topic and highlight areas for future research. Method A search of six databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Family and Society Studies Worldwide, and CINAHL) for articles published by September 2019, yielded 1,014 unique results. Results Six articles reported findings for older populations (three human and three rodent studies), highlighting the paucity of research in this area. Human studies revealed largely null results, likely due to several methodological limitations. Better-controlled rodent studies indicate that the relationship between ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cognitive function in healthy aging depends on age and level of THC exposure. Extremely low doses of THC improved cognition in very old rodents. Somewhat higher chronic doses improved cognition in moderately aged rodents. No studies examined the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) or high-CBD cannabis on cognition. Conclusions This systematic scoping review provides crucial, timely direction for future research on this emerging issue. Future research that combines neuroimaging and cognitive assessment would serve to advance understanding of the effects of age and quantity of THC and CBD on cognition in healthy aging.

scholarly journals Clinical significance of premature ventricular contraction among adult patients: protocol for a scoping review

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukardi Suba ◽  
Michele M. Pelter
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contraction ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ecg Monitoring ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contractions

Abstract Background Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are one of the most common arrhythmias detected from electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring. PVCs were thought to cause lethal arrhythmias and thus were closely monitored and treated. However, in current practice, PVCs generally do not required treatment. There is also concern that PVCs contribute to excessive alarms and lead to alarm fatigue. Practice guidelines for in-hospital monitoring state that monitoring for PVCs may be indicated on some patients but do not recommend continuous ECG monitoring. Despite these recommendations, PVC monitoring practices remain part of routine care, especially in the intensive care unit, for worry of missing potentially significant arrhythmia events. A thorough scoping review of the literature regarding the clinical significance of PVC is imperative, precisely to map out the evidence on the diagnostic and prognostic values of PVCs and to identify research gaps on this issue. Methods The primary question of this review is “what is the clinical significance of PVCs in adults?” Preparation of this scoping review will use the PRISMA-P statement. A scoping review framework by Arksey and O’Malley will be adopted. In identifying relevant studies, the Population-Concept-Context (PCC) framework by the Joanna Briggs Institute will be used. A search strategy will be developed, and four major electronic databases will be searched: CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science Core Collection. Manual searches will also be conducted. The study selection process will adopt the 2009 PRISMA flow diagram. EndNote X8 will be used to manage citations, as well as for duplicates screening in addition to Microsoft Excel 2016. Two independent reviewers will assess potential studies in detail against inclusion criteria. A standardized data extraction form will be developed. Finally, critical appraisal will be conducted using a tool adapted from the Quality Appraisal Checklist by the National Institute for Health Care Excellence (NICE). Discussion We believe this scoping review will provide a general foundation of evidence on the potential significance of PVCs concerning its diagnostic and prognostic value among the adult patient population. The findings will allow us to map out research gaps on this topic that could shape future research and ultimately clinical practice. Scoping review registration This scoping review has been registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF), DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GAVT2.

scholarly journals The experiences of family members witnessing the diminishing drinking of a dying relative: An adapted meta-narrative literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1146-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Pettifer ◽  
Katherine Froggatt ◽  
Sean Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review

Background:Addressing the concerns of family members is an important aspect of palliative and end-of-life care. One aspect that commonly causes family caregivers concern is the decline of patients’ oral fluid intake in the last few days of life.Aim:To map the narratives in which family members’ experiences of witnessing the diminishing drinking of a dying relative have been researched, review the findings within each narrative and consider directions for future research.Design:An adapted meta-narrative review approach.Data Sources:The Cumulative Index of Nursing and Applied Health Literature, Medline, PsycINFO, Psycharticles and Scopus databases were searched for relevant research published between January 1982 and December 2017. Quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment and Review Instrument.Results:A total of 22 papers met the inclusion criteria. No study focused specifically on the experiences of family members when witnessing the diminishing drinking of dying relatives. However, research about diminishing drinking was identified within studies broadly focusing on cancer cachexia, clinical decision-making about hydration and/or nutrition and support in a hospice context. The research indicates that family members’ experiences of diminishing drinking vary with their views about the significance of drinking, dying well and their expectations of themselves and healthcare professionals.Conclusion:While some understanding of the topic can be inferred from research in related areas, there is a paucity of information specifically about family members’ experiences when witnessing the diminishing drinking of a dying relative.

scholarly journals The Role of Patient-Site Facilitators in Teleaudiology: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3S) ◽  
pp. 661-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Coco ◽  
Alyssa Davidson ◽  
Nicole Marrone
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Hearing Health ◽  
And Training ◽  
Improve Access ◽  
Site Facilitator

Purpose Teleaudiology helps improve access to hearing health care by overcoming the geographic gap between providers and patients. In many teleaudiology encounters, a facilitator is needed at the patient site to help with hands-on aspects of procedures. The aim of this study was to review the scope and nature of research around patient-site facilitators in teleaudiology. We focused on identifying the facilitators' background, training, and responsibilities. Method To conduct this scoping review, we searched PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase. To be included, studies needed to address teleaudiology; be experimental/quasi-experimental, correlational/predictive, or descriptive; be published in English; and include the use of a facilitator at the patient location. Results A total of 82 studies met the inclusion criteria. The available literature described a number of different individuals in the role of the patient-site facilitator, including audiologists, students, and local aides. Fifty-seven unique tasks were identified, including orienting the client to the space, assisting with technology, and assisting with audiology procedures. The largest number of studies ( n = 42) did not describe the facilitators' training. When reported, the facilitators' training was heterogenous in terms of who delivered the training, the length of the training, and the training content. Conclusions Across studies, the range of duties performed by patient-site facilitators indicates they may have an important role in teleaudiology. However, details are still needed surrounding their background, responsibilities, and training. Future research is warranted exploring the role of the patient-site facilitator, including their impact on teleaudiology service delivery. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12475796

scholarly journals Determining Health Information Technology Use by the Transgender Population: A Scoping Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Liu ◽  
Joy Lee ◽  
Michael Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Health Information Technology ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Online Social Media

Background: Transgender people face many potential barriers in healthcare, such as real or perceived discrimination, inability to pay for healthcare services, and misinformation about transgender health needs. It has been hypothesized that, because of these barriers, transgender people may be more receptive to using health information technology than other populations. The purpose of this scoping review was to understand the ways transgender people use health information technology. Methods: This scoping review included English studies that addressed use of technology by transgender people in health sciences literature. The inclusion criteria was studies that documented transgender technology use and did not include studies that only focused on technology use by healthcare providers. Included studies were sorted into categories based on the type of technology transgender participants used. Results: Twenty-nine articles met the study inclusion criteria from an initial pool of 1,276 articles searched from online databases. Many studies were involved with multiple categories. Fourteen articles addressed websites targeting transgender people, twelve included the usage of online social media sites, seven articles involved transgender usage of online surveys, and four articles discussed transgender usage of smartphones in health management. Conclusion and potential impact: Twenty-two studies focused on the application of interventions through websites and social media sites, nineteen of which concluded that web-based health information or interventions were feasible methods to affect the health of transgender people. Sixteen studies concluded that online interactions were accepted, if not preferred, by their transgender participants. This review suggests that further integration of online interventions and healthcare information into these mediums may increase transgender engagement in healthcare and reduce healthcare barriers. Future research to improve understanding of the outcomes of health information technology on the health of transgender people would be an asset for treating a historically medically underserved community.

scholarly journals The application of social innovation as it relates to older people and the implications for future policymaking: a scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Holly Louise Crossen-White ◽  
Ann Hemingway ◽  
Adele Ladkin
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
User Engagement ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Policy Responses

Purpose Social innovation has received increasing attention in recent decades (Agostini et al., 2017). This study aims to consider how the concept has been applied to the issue of ageing and what can be learnt about effective policy responses. Design/methodology/approach The acknowledged lack of understanding generally about the concept makes it timely to undertake a scoping review of the current evidence from social innovation projects associated with older people. A scoping review is considered appropriate where there is a need to “identify and analyse knowledge gaps” (Munn et al., 2018, p. 2). Findings Findings from the scoping review indicate that, as yet, the concept of social innovation is not fully defined. However, it has widespread appeal across a diverse range of disciplines and has the potential to generate innovative policy responses. Originality/value A key argument identified is the need to change the public’s perceptions of ageing and devise public policies that encourage and nurture age-friendly communities. In summation, although social innovation has the potential to act as a policy driver, but to be effective, it is necessary to devise robust strategies to ensure full user-engagement and active involvement of communities. Therefore, it is the process of delivery that needs urgent attention in any future research into social innovation.

scholarly journals Help-Seeking Behavior in Victims of Elder Abuse: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 152483801986061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Fraga Dominguez ◽  
Jennifer E. Storey ◽  
Emily Glorney
Keyword(s):  
Help Seeking ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Help Seeking Behavior ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Service Engagement ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Comprehensive Search

Elder abuse has become increasingly relevant for intervention and study in the context of an aging population. One of the major barriers to progress in the field is underreporting of elder abuse by victims. This systematic literature review aimed to synthesize the available findings regarding victims’ help-seeking behavior to inform practice, understand the limits of the evidence, and identify research gaps. A comprehensive search of published and unpublished literature was undertaken, and studies were included if they addressed help-seeking behavior from the perspective of elder abuse victims aged 60 and older. A total of 19 studies met inclusion criteria for review. Findings are presented as a narrative synthesis organized according to help-seeking barriers, facilitators, sources of help, the responses of others, and the characteristics of victims more likely to seek help. Although barriers and sources of help received detailed attention across all studies, findings regarding victim characteristics and facilitators for and responses to help-seeking were limited. The results suggest that there are many barriers to help-seeking and that some victims only seek help when the abuse is perceived as unbearable or they fear for their safety. Results are discussed in relation to implications for intervention, including suggestions to enhance help-seeking behavior. Future research should identify facilitators of help-seeking among victims of elder abuse and victim characteristics associated with early disclosure. Research efforts should frame help-seeking as a continuing process and study ways in which the responses of others may impact future help-seeking or service engagement.

scholarly journals The Association between Public Transportation and Social Isolation in Older Adults: A Scoping Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-405
Author(s):  
Madeline Lamanna ◽  
Christopher A. Klinger ◽  
Anna Liu ◽  
Raza M. Mirza
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Driving Cessation ◽  
Sound Policy

ABSTRACTInadequate public transportation was recognized as a barrier to social participation, especially for older adults in rural communities and with mobility issues. Older adults will not benefit from opportunities to engage with their community and maintain social networks if they are unable to access them. The purpose of this scoping review was to make recommendations for further research and to summarize areas for improvement identified in the literature that will aid in the development of public transportation initiatives that can better address social isolation for older adults (≥ 55 years of age). Nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria, identifying themes of access to rural public transportation, issues with public transportation, and mobility. In practice, older adults need to prepare for driving cessation and mobility transitions; sound policy requires input to tailor transportation initiatives to an aging population, and future research should explore older adults’ transportation needs and potential solutions in urban and rural communities.

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