Electrophysiological Brain-Cardiac Coupling in Train Drivers during Monotonous Driving

Electrophysiological research has previously investigated monotony and the cardiac health of drivers independently; however, few studies have explored the association between the two. As such the present study aimed to examine the impact of monotonous train driving (indicated by electroencephalogram (EEG) activity) on an individual’s cardiac health as measured by heart rate variability (HRV). Sixty-three train drivers participated in the present study, and were required to complete a monotonous train driver simulator task. During this task, a 32 lead EEG and a three-lead electrocardiogram were recorded from each participant. In the present analysis, the low (LF) and high frequency (HF) HRV parameters were associated with delta (p < 0.05), beta (p = 0.03) and gamma (p < 0.001) frequency EEG variables. Further, total HRV was associated with gamma activity, while sympathovagal balance (i.e., LF:HF ratio) was best associated fronto-temporal delta activity (p = 0.02). HRV and EEG parameters appear to be coupled, with the parameters of the delta and gamma EEG frequency bands potentially being the most important to this coupling. These relationships provide insight into the impact of a monotonous task on the cardiac health of train drivers, and may also be indicative of strategies employed to combat fatigue or engage with the driving task.

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The performance of Dutch train drivers based on the impact of the presence of a second person in the cab

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part F Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit ◽

10.1177/0954409717694562 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 231 (10) ◽

pp. 1130-1140

Author(s):

Vera JMP Verstappen

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Driving Performance ◽

Attention Allocation ◽

Second Person ◽

Performance Tasks ◽

Driving Task ◽

Train Drivers ◽

The Impact ◽

And Task

Insufficient attention allocation of train drivers towards the driving task impairs the driving performance and increases the risk of signals passed at danger. This pilot study explores the performance and attention allocation of train drivers based on the impact of the behaviour of another person present in the driver’s cab. A method that uses a train simulator has been developed to assess the attention allocation and task performance for routes with different complexity levels and for conditions when train drivers were driving alone, with a person present who was considerate of the driving task or with a person who was not. The presence of a non-considerate person in the cabin has a negative impact on the driving performance; tasks were completed successfully more often when driving alone. Train drivers interrupted conversations more often to focus on driving on routes with high complexity, which indicates that conversations increased the workload. An increase in the conversation frequency had a negative impact on the accuracy of speed monitoring. Participants indicated that the driving performance improved as a result of participating in the experiment on the awareness of the impact of another person’s presence in the cab. It is anticipated that the findings of this pilot study and further works will provide more understanding about the factors that are important to the performance of train drivers and the improvement of railway safety.

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Design and Fabrication of High Frequency Coaxial Transmission Line

Electronic and Photonic Packaging, Electrical Systems and Photonic Design, and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1115/imece2003-41440 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Matt Richter ◽

Don J. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Transmission Line ◽

High Frequency ◽

Turning Process ◽

Design Considerations ◽

Full Wave ◽

Center Conductor ◽

The Impact ◽

Insight Into

This paper discusses design considerations and fabrication challenges involved in the production of a coaxial transmission line that can transmit signals without secondary moding above 110 GHz. Specific areas highlighted include the transition into the dielectric support, the impact of tolerances on performance, and nontraditional machining techniques used in component fabrication. Full wave FEA simulations are used to explore the effect of tolerances on performance, as well as to investigate the performance of various designs for the transition to the insulating support. Additionally, the results of a cylindrical EDM turning process that is used to create a stepped center conductor with a diameter that is less than 100 microns are presented. The goal of this paper is to give insight into what the mechanical demands will be as electronics move to higher and higher frequencies.

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The Impact of Noise Expose on the Hearing Threshold Extended High Frequency

Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.2.81 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 81 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nam Jeong Kim ◽

Joong Keun Kwon ◽

Ji Ho Lee

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Hearing Threshold ◽

The Impact

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Global Algorithmic Capital Markets

10.1093/oso/9780198829461.001.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Capital Markets ◽

Systemic Risk ◽

High Frequency ◽

Investor Protection ◽

High Frequency Trading ◽

Market Making ◽

Market Governance ◽

Policy Objectives ◽

The Impact

This book illustrates and assesses the dramatic recent transformations in capital markets worldwide and the impact of those transformations. ‘Market making’ by humans in centralized markets has been replaced by supercomputers and algorithmic high frequency trading operating in often highly fragmented markets. How do recent market changes impact on core public policy objectives such as investor protection, reduction of systemic risk, fairness, efficiency, and transparency in markets? The operation and health of capital markets affect all of us and have profound implications for equality and justice in society. This unique set of chapters by leading scholars, industry insiders, and regulators sheds light on these and related questions and discusses ways to strengthen market governance for the benefit of society at large.

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Crisis Management in Higher Education in the Time of Covid-19: The Case of Actor Training

Education Sciences ◽

10.3390/educsci11030132 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 132

Author(s):

Anna McNamara

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Crisis Management ◽

High Frequency ◽

High Reliability ◽

Actor Training ◽

Management Actions ◽

The Usa ◽

The Uk ◽

The Impact ◽

High Frequency Words

The impact of Covid-19 placed Higher Education leadership in a state of crisis management, where decision making had to be swift and impactful. This research draws on ethea of mindfulness, actor training techniques, referencing high-reliability organisations (HRO). Interviews conducted by the author with three leaders of actor training conservatoires in Higher Education institutions in Australia, the UK and the USA reflect on crisis management actions taken in response to the impact of Covid-19 on their sector, from which high-frequency words are identified and grouped thematically. Reflecting on these high-frequency words and the thematic grouping, a model of mindful leadership is proposed as a positive tool that may enable those in leadership to recognise and respond efficiently to wider structural frailties within Higher Education, with reference to the capacity of leaders to operate with increased mindfulness, enabling a more resilient organisation that unlocks the locus of control.

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Changing landscapes: Gay men in the west and northwest of Ireland

Sexualities ◽

10.1177/1363460720981699 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 136346072098169

Author(s):

Aidan McKearney

Keyword(s):

Gay Men ◽

Social Rights ◽

Irish Society ◽

Recent Past ◽

Same Sex ◽

Lgbt People ◽

The Many ◽

Northwest Region ◽

The Impact ◽

Insight Into

This article focuses on the experiences of gay men in the rural west and northwest region of Ireland, during a period of transformational social and political change in Irish society. These changes have helped facilitate new forms of LGBTQI visibility, and local radicalism in the region. Same-sex weddings, establishment of rural LGBT groups and marching under an LGBT banner at St Patricks Day parades would have been unthinkable in the recent past; but they are now becoming a reality. The men report continuing challenges in their lives as gay men in the nonmetropolitan space, but the emergence of new visibility, voice and cultural acceptance of LGBT people is helping change their lived experiences. The study demonstrates the impact of local activist LGBT citizens. Through their testimonies we can gain an insight into the many, varied and interwoven factors that have interplayed to create the conditions necessary for the men to: increasingly define themselves as gay to greater numbers of people in their localities; to embrace greater visibility and eschew strategies of silence; and aspire to a host of legal, political, cultural and social rights including same-sex marriage. Organic forms of visibility and local radicalism have emerged in the region and through an analysis of their testimonies we can see how the men continue to be transformed by an ever-changing landscape.

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Double, triple or quadruple hits? Exploring the impact of cybercrime on victims in the Netherlands

International Review of Victimology ◽

10.1177/02697580211010692 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026975802110106

Author(s):

Raoul Notté ◽

E.R. Leukfeldt ◽

Marijke Malsch

Keyword(s):

Public Opinion ◽

Literature Review ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Public Discourse ◽

Moral Judgments ◽

Victim Blaming ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Different Types ◽

The Impact ◽

Insight Into

This article explores the impact of online crime victimisation. A literature review and 41 interviews – 19 with victims and 22 with experts – were carried out to gain insight into this. The interviews show that most impacts of online offences correspond to the impacts of traditional offline offences. There are also differences with offline crime victimisation. Several forms of impact seem to be specific to victims of online crime: the substantial scale and visibility of victimhood, victimisation that does not stop in time, the interwovenness of online and offline, and victim blaming. Victims suffer from double, triple or even quadruple hits; it is the accumulation of different types of impact, enforced by the limitlessness in time and space, which makes online crime victimisation so extremely invasive. Furthermore, the characteristics of online crime victimisation greatly complicate the fight against and prevention of online crime. Finally, the high prevalence of cybercrime victimisation combined with the severe impact of these crimes seems contradictory with public opinion – and associated moral judgments – on victims. Further research into the dominant public discourse on victimisation and how this affects the functioning of the police and victim support would be valuable.

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Insight into the Impact of Zr/Ti Ratios on the Structure and Properties of PLZST Antiferroelectric Thick Films

physica status solidi (a) ◽

10.1002/pssa.202000579 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yucheng Liu ◽

Shaopeng Liu ◽

Tongqing Yang

Keyword(s):

Thick Films ◽

Structure And Properties ◽

Antiferroelectric Thick Films ◽

The Impact ◽

Insight Into

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Using syndromic measures of mortality to capture the dynamics of COVID-19 in Java, Indonesia, in the context of vaccination rollout

BMC Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12916-021-02016-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bimandra A. Djaafara ◽

Charles Whittaker ◽

Oliver J. Watson ◽

Robert Verity ◽

Nicholas F. Brazeau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Vaccination Campaign ◽

Control Measures ◽

Additional Insight ◽

Short Term ◽

If Current ◽

Vaccine Impact ◽

Potential Impact ◽

The Impact ◽

Insight Into

Abstract Background As in many countries, quantifying COVID-19 spread in Indonesia remains challenging due to testing limitations. In Java, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were implemented throughout 2020. However, as a vaccination campaign launches, cases and deaths are rising across the island. Methods We used modelling to explore the extent to which data on burials in Jakarta using strict COVID-19 protocols (C19P) provide additional insight into the transmissibility of the disease, epidemic trajectory, and the impact of NPIs. We assess how implementation of NPIs in early 2021 will shape the epidemic during the period of likely vaccine rollout. Results C19P burial data in Jakarta suggest a death toll approximately 3.3 times higher than reported. Transmission estimates using these data suggest earlier, larger, and more sustained impact of NPIs. Measures to reduce sub-national spread, particularly during Ramadan, substantially mitigated spread to more vulnerable rural areas. Given current trajectory, daily cases and deaths are likely to increase in most regions as the vaccine is rolled out. Transmission may peak in early 2021 in Jakarta if current levels of control are maintained. However, relaxation of control measures is likely to lead to a subsequent resurgence in the absence of an effective vaccination campaign. Conclusions Syndromic measures of mortality provide a more complete picture of COVID-19 severity upon which to base decision-making. The high potential impact of the vaccine in Java is attributable to reductions in transmission to date and dependent on these being maintained. Increases in control in the relatively short-term will likely yield large, synergistic increases in vaccine impact.

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