The performance of Dutch train drivers based on the impact of the presence of a second person in the cab

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 (10) ◽  
pp. 1130-1140
Author(s):  
Vera JMP Verstappen
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Attention Allocation ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Performance Tasks ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Train Drivers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Task

Insufficient attention allocation of train drivers towards the driving task impairs the driving performance and increases the risk of signals passed at danger. This pilot study explores the performance and attention allocation of train drivers based on the impact of the behaviour of another person present in the driver’s cab. A method that uses a train simulator has been developed to assess the attention allocation and task performance for routes with different complexity levels and for conditions when train drivers were driving alone, with a person present who was considerate of the driving task or with a person who was not. The presence of a non-considerate person in the cabin has a negative impact on the driving performance; tasks were completed successfully more often when driving alone. Train drivers interrupted conversations more often to focus on driving on routes with high complexity, which indicates that conversations increased the workload. An increase in the conversation frequency had a negative impact on the accuracy of speed monitoring. Participants indicated that the driving performance improved as a result of participating in the experiment on the awareness of the impact of another person’s presence in the cab. It is anticipated that the findings of this pilot study and further works will provide more understanding about the factors that are important to the performance of train drivers and the improvement of railway safety.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 related lockdown on cognition and emotion: A pilot study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durjoy Lahiri ◽  
Souvik Dubey ◽  
Alfredo Ardila
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Emotional Symptom ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Symptom Index ◽  
Cognition And Emotion ◽  
The World ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic has posed an unprecedented challenge in front of the world contributed mostly by social distancing and lockdown. Among several other effects this pandemic has wreaked havoc on the psychology and cognition of people across the globe. In this paper we attempted to find out the impact of lockdown and social isolation on the cognition and emotion of young healthy adults with high education (n=43) by means of a questionnaire sent through email. We found that more than 50% of the participants had some kind of emotional or cognitive (dysexecutive) symptoms, as calculated through emotional symptom index (ESI) and cognitive symptom index (CSI). The correlation between cognitive and emotional symptoms was also found to be moderately strong (0.59). Although it is a pilot study and larger samples are required to draw firm conclusion, the results argue in favor of a negative impact on the cognition and emotion of healthy educated young people caused by the COVID-19 related lockdown. It can be conjectured that, if taking an older sample with a lower education, emotional and cognitive changes would be more evident.

Randomized single institute pilot study of vaccinia-CEA(6D)-tricom and fowlpox-CEA (6D)-tricom with GM-CSF (V) in combination with docetaxel (D) in patients with colorectal cancer (CC)

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 13538-13538
Author(s):  
A. R. He ◽  
J. Hwang ◽  
S. Malik ◽  
S. Park ◽  
J. Schlom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Stable Disease ◽  
Clinical Benefit ◽  
Tumor Vaccine ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
The Impact

13538 Background: Our previous study demonstrated 40% patients with CC achieved stable disease at 4 months with V (JCO, 23(4):720–31, 2005.). Preclinical studies showed taxene enhanced tumor vaccine in delaying tumor growth and increasing the antigen-specific T cells. We report the results of a Randomized phase II pilot study of V in combination with docetaxel (D) in CC patients. Methods: 27 patients with metastatic CC were randomly assigned to 3 arms, stratified for HLA-A2. All patients received a ‘prime’ dose of vaccinia-Tricom on Day 0, followed by ‘boost’ doses of fowlpox-Tricom on Days 21 and q 21 days for 4 months; all vaccinations were followed by local GM-CSF (100 μg) for 4 days. Arm 1 received V; Arm II and III received V and D on D1, D8 during each fowlpox vaccination at 10mg/m2 and 30mg/m2, respectively. Patients with stable disease continued vaccinations monthly after study completed. Safety data was evaluated. Primary endpoints included the impact of varying doses of D on CEA-specific T cell immune responses (CTL) using the ELISPOT assay, the recommended dose for further study as defined by the best immune response with acceptable toxicity, and objective clinical response. Results: The most common AE related to the vaccines was grade (g) 1 injection site reactions. Other common AEs were g1 fatigue, nausea, vomiting, fever, headache, and myalgia. There were 1 g3 fever and 1 g3 abdominal pain. The AE from the combination arm were contributed by D as expected, included g3: hyperglycemia (1), fatigue (1), elevation of liver function tests (2), pulmonary infection (1), abdominal pain (1), vomiting (1) or diarrhea (1). 6/ 27 patients have died 17 months after starting V. Patients received 2 to 12 cycles of therapy before disease progression. Observed clinical benefit was significantly lower than the 40% previously documented with V alone. The immune data is to be presented. Conclusions: Inferior clinical benefit as compared to our previous experiment could be explained by more heavily pretreated patients in this trial or negative impact of D on V. CTL data should explain this observation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological Brain-Cardiac Coupling in Train Drivers during Monotonous Driving

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3741
Author(s):  
Ty Lees ◽  
Taryn Chalmers ◽  
David Burton ◽  
Eugene Zilberg ◽  
Thomas Penzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Cardiac Health ◽  
Delta Activity ◽  
Train Driver ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Train Drivers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Insight Into

Electrophysiological research has previously investigated monotony and the cardiac health of drivers independently; however, few studies have explored the association between the two. As such the present study aimed to examine the impact of monotonous train driving (indicated by electroencephalogram (EEG) activity) on an individual’s cardiac health as measured by heart rate variability (HRV). Sixty-three train drivers participated in the present study, and were required to complete a monotonous train driver simulator task. During this task, a 32 lead EEG and a three-lead electrocardiogram were recorded from each participant. In the present analysis, the low (LF) and high frequency (HF) HRV parameters were associated with delta (p < 0.05), beta (p = 0.03) and gamma (p < 0.001) frequency EEG variables. Further, total HRV was associated with gamma activity, while sympathovagal balance (i.e., LF:HF ratio) was best associated fronto-temporal delta activity (p = 0.02). HRV and EEG parameters appear to be coupled, with the parameters of the delta and gamma EEG frequency bands potentially being the most important to this coupling. These relationships provide insight into the impact of a monotonous task on the cardiac health of train drivers, and may also be indicative of strategies employed to combat fatigue or engage with the driving task.

scholarly journals The Negative Effect of Job Insecurity in the Virtuous Cycle Between Trust in the Organization, Subjective Well-Being, and Task Performance in the Current Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Živilė Stankevičiūtė ◽  
M. Isabel Sanchez-Hernandez ◽  
Eglė Staniškienė
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Task

Over the past decade, job insecurity referring to the employees’ perceived threat to the continuity and stability of employment as it is currently experienced has become a hot topic. A general assumption, supported by the findings, is that job insecurity causes far-reaching negative consequences for the employee health and well-being, attitudes toward organization and the job, and behaviors at work. However, the focus on behavioral outcomes, especially on employee performance at work, is still scant. Moreover, the literature remains fragmented concerning the impact of job insecurity on employee trust in the organization and how the trust influences employee subjective well-being (SWB), which in turn affects employee performance. Consequently, the link between job insecurity and SWB needs more investigation. Trying to narrow the gap, the paper aims at revealing the linkage between job insecurity, trust in the organization, SWB, and task performance. Quantitative data were collected in Lithuania. As predicted, the results revealed that job insecurity had a negative impact on trust in the organization and employee SWB. In case of linkage between job insecurity and task performance, the hypothesis was rejected. In general, these findings affirmed that job insecurity was a hindrance stressor, which needed to be considered when managing human resources in the current volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity context.

scholarly journals Effects of environmental distractors on nurse emergency triage accuracy: a pilot study protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Delmas ◽  
Assunta Fiorentino ◽  
Matteo Antonini ◽  
Séverine Vuilleumier ◽  
Guy Stotzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Patient Flow ◽  
Serious Game ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emergency Nurses ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Task

Abstract Background The clinical decisions of emergency department triage nurses need to be of the highest accuracy. However, studies have found repeatedly that these nurses over- or underestimate the severity of patient health conditions. This has major consequences for patient safety and patient flow management. Workplace distractors such as noise and task interruptions have been pointed to as factors that might explain this inaccuracy. The use of a serious game reproducing the work environment during triage affords the opportunity to explore the impact of these distractors on nurse emergency triage accuracy, in a safe setting. Methods/design A pilot study with a factorial design will be carried out to test the acceptability and feasibility of a serious game developed specifically to simulate the triage process in emergency departments and to explore the primary effects of distractors on nurse emergency triage accuracy. Eighty emergency nurses will be randomized into four groups: three groups exposed to different distractors (A, noise; B, task interruptions; C, noise and task interruptions) and one control group. All nurses will have to complete 20 clinical vignettes within 2 h. For each vignette, a gold standard assessment will be determined by experts. Pre-tests will be conducted with clinicians and certified emergency nurses to evaluate the appeal of the serious game. Discussion Study results will inform the design of large-scale investigations and will help identify teaching, training, and research areas that require further development.

scholarly journals Effects of environmental distractors on nurse emergency triage accuracy: a pilot study protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
philippe delmas ◽  
Assunta fiorentino ◽  
matteo antonini ◽  
severine Vuilleumier ◽  
guy Stotzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Patient Flow ◽  
Serious Game ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emergency Nurses ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Task

Abstract Background: The clinical decisions of emergency department triage nurses need to be of the highest accuracy. However, studies have found repeatedly that these nurses over- or underestimate the severity of patient health conditions. This has major consequences for patient safety and patient flow management. Workplace distractors such as noise and task interruptions have been pointed to as factors that might explain this inaccuracy. The use of a serious game reproducing the work environment during triage affords the opportunity to explore the impact of these distractors on nurse emergency triage accuracy, in a safe setting. Methods/Design: A pilot study with a factorial design will be carried out to test the acceptability and feasibility of a serious game developed specifically to simulate the triage process in emergency departments and to explore the primary effects of distractors on nurse emergency triage accuracy. Eighty emergency nurses will be randomized into four groups: three groups exposed to different distractors (A: noise, B: task interruptions, C: noise and task interruptions) and one control group. All nurses will have to complete 20 clinical vignettes within two hours. For each vignette, a gold standard assessment will be determined by experts. Pre-tests will be conducted with clinicians and certified emergency nurses to evaluate the appeal of the serious game. Discussion: Study results will inform the design of large-scale investigations and will help identify teaching, training and research areas that require further development.

scholarly journals The Effect of Vaping and Nicotine-containing Liquids to Suppress the Immune System: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 284-291
Author(s):  
Sanjana Anand ◽  
Madeline Wilkerson ◽  
Robert Malkin
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Aims: We present a pilot study to illustrate how the impact of vaping can be quickly and conclusively documented in a large population and appropriate subpopulations. Methods: It has been predicted that with longer duration and higher frequency of vaping, there would be a higher frequency of, a longer duration of, and more severe flu and cold symptoms — indicating a negative impact on the immune system. Studies have linked electronic cigarettes and vaping to respiratory and cardiovascular issues, drastic changes in blood pressure, and the reduced function of tissues and cells in the lungs, but only in small populations, making generalization to the entire population less convincing. A sample of 120, 18–22-year-olds in northern California were asked to complete a 14-question, two-minute, anonymous survey. Those with pre-existing respiratory ailments or a family history of respiratory ailments were excluded from the study along with those who smoke cigarettes or have smoked cigarettes in the past. The survey collected the frequency and time spent vaping and the severity, frequency, and longevity of the flu and cold symptoms. Responses were converted into numerical values and analyzed. Results: Those who vaped more often had more severe flu and cold symptoms (p<0.005). However, no strong trends were present as can be expected from a pilot study. A power analysis based on this pilot data suggests that only 667 subjects would be required to answer the short survey to reach statistical significance. Conclusion: A quick survey was created to show the negative effects of vaping on a general population. Showing effects generalizable to the entire population would require a very reasonably sized sample and could easily allow analysis of subpopulations.

scholarly journals The Impact of Mind Wandering on Signal Detection, Semi-autonomous Driving Performance, and Physiological Responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 2051-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaojian Huang ◽  
Nade Liang ◽  
Chuhao Wu ◽  
Brandon J. Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
The Impact

Significant growth in the number of autonomous vehicles is expected in the coming years. With this technology, drivers will likely begin to disengage from the driving task and often experience mind wandering. Research has examined the effects of mind wandering on manual driving performance, but little work has been done to understand its impact on autonomous driving. In addition, it is unclear what physiological measurements can reveal about mind wandering in the driving context. Therefore, the goals of this paper were to (a) understand how mind wandering affects warning signal detection, semi-autonomous driving performance, and physiological responses, and (b) develop a model to predict mind wandering. Preliminary findings suggest that mind wandering may be observed as a result of road familiarity, and that the number of driving years and response times to alerts may be suitable predictors of mind wandering. This work is expected to help inform the design of future autonomous vehicles to prevent distracted driving behaviors.

scholarly journals Impact of Anthropomorphic Robot Design on Trust and Attention in Industrial Human-Robot Interaction

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Linda Onnasch ◽  
Clara Laudine Hildebrandt
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Attention Allocation ◽  
Robot Design ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Relevant Task ◽  
The Impact

The application of anthropomorphic features to robots is generally considered beneficial for human-robot interaction (HRI ). Although previous research has mainly focused on social robots, the phenomenon gains increasing attention in industrial human-Robot interaction as well. In this study, the impact of anthropomorphic design of a collaborative industrial robot on the dynamics of trust and visual attention allocation was examined. Participants interacted with a robot, which was either anthropomorphically or non-anthropomorphically designed. Unexpectedly, attribute-based trust measures revealed no beneficial effect of anthropomorphism but even a negative impact on the perceived reliability of the robot. Trust behavior was not significantly affected by an anthropomorphic robot design during faultless interactions, but showed a relatively steeper decrease after participants experienced a failure of the robot. With regard to attention allocation, the study clearly reveals a distracting effect of anthropomorphic robot design. The results emphasize that anthropomorphism might not be an appropriate feature in industrial HRI as it not only failed to reveal positive effects on trust, but distracted participants from relevant task areas which might be a significant drawback with regard to occupational safety in HRI.

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