scholarly journals Effects of a Massage Protocol in Tensiomyographic and Myotonometric Proprieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3891
Author(s):  
Albert Pérez-Bellmunt ◽  
Noé Labata-Lezaun ◽  
Luis Llurda-Almuzara ◽  
Jacobo Rodríguez-Sanz ◽  
Vanessa González-Rueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Radial Displacement ◽  
Function Method ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Contraction Time ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Maximal Displacement ◽  
Main Effects

Background: Pre-competition massage is usually used to improve athletic performance and reduce risk of injury. Despite its usual use, the effects of pre-competition massage on neuromuscular function have barely been studied. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the pre-competition massage over the gastrocnemius neuromuscular function. Method: The study is a quasi-experimental clinical trial thirty healthy athletes were enrolled in the study. Subjects received an intervention in one leg (experimental), consisting of a massage, and no intervention in the opposite leg (control). From all values of neuromuscular function, the following were analyzed: contraction time (Tc) and maximal displacement (Dm) by tensiomyography, and stiffness and tone by myotonometry. Results: Main effects of pre-competition massage on neuromuscular function include a significant (p < 0.05) increase in Tc and Dm variables, as well as a reduction in stiffness and tone. Conclusion: Data shows an increase in Tc and maximal radial displacement (Dm) variables, as well as a reduction in stiffness and tone. More quality studies are needed to draw clear conclusions about the effects of pre-competition massage.

scholarly journals Caffeine-Induced Effects on Human Skeletal Muscle Contraction Time and Maximal Displacement Measured by Tensiomyography

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 815
Author(s):  
Przemysław Domaszewski ◽  
Paweł Pakosz ◽  
Mariusz Konieczny ◽  
Dawid Bączkowicz ◽  
Ewa Sadowska-Krępa
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Electric Pulse ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Mechanical Activity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Contraction Time ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Contraction ◽  
Maximal Displacement

Studies on muscle activation time in sport after caffeine supplementation confirmed the effectiveness of caffeine. The novel approach was to determine whether a dose of 9 mg/kg/ body mass (b.m.) of caffeine affects the changes of contraction time and the displacement of electrically stimulated muscle (gastrocnemius medialis) in professional athletes who regularly consume products rich in caffeine and do not comply with the caffeine discontinuation period requirements. The study included 40 professional male handball players (age = 23.13 ± 3.51, b.m. = 93.51 ± 15.70 kg, height 191 ± 7.72, BMI = 25.89 ± 3.10). The analysis showed that in the experimental group the values of examined parameters were significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.001) (contraction time: before = 20.60 ± 2.58 ms/ after = 18.43 ± 3.05 ms; maximal displacement: before = 2.32 ± 0.80 mm/after = 1.69 ± 0.51 mm). No significant changes were found in the placebo group. The main achievement of this research was to demonstrate that caffeine at a dose of 9 mg/kg in professional athletes who regularly consume products rich in caffeine has a direct positive effect on the mechanical activity of skeletal muscle stimulated by an electric pulse.

scholarly journals The Level of the Functional Movement Screen Among Traditional Dancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Segar A/L A. Maniveloo ◽  
Borhannudin Abdullah ◽  
Shamsulariffin Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Rotational Stability ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Stability Tests ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Deep Squat

Movement assessments are commonly used to assess athlete&rsquo;s risk of injury as well as basic and specific skill movement patterns; however, dance is identified to be differing from sports because the average dancer&rsquo;s training load is higher than the athletes. This study aims to identify the difference in the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) level among traditional dancers in Malaysia. A quasi-experimental study design was adopted, which involved 66 dancers (M = 33; F = 33). The study comprised traditional dancers from three ethnic backgrounds, namely, Malay, Chinese and Indian. The descriptive analysis described the level of the dancers&rsquo; FMS, as follows: Malay (M = 16.18, SD = 2.062), Chinese (M = 18.50, SD = 1.102), Indian (M = 18.23, SD = 1.445). The ANOVA analysis found a significant difference in the FMS scores among all three groups of dancers, F (2,63) = 14.026, p &gt;.000. The deep squat, hurdle step, shoulder mobility, active straight leg raise and trunk stability tests for push-up indicated a significant difference, whereas the inline lunges test and rotational stability tests showed no significance difference. However, the Post Hoc analysis showed no significant difference between the Chinese and Indian dancers. It can be concluded that there is a difference in FMS scores between Malay, Chinese and Indian dancers. FMS may be a useful tool to help identify dancers about the risk of injury and improve their movement quality.

The Support of Local Underdogs: System Justification Theory Perspectives

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Shin Legendre ◽  
Rodney Warnick ◽  
Melissa Baker
Keyword(s):  
System Justification ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Customer Behavior ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Business World ◽  
System Justification Theory ◽  
Intent To Purchase ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Main Effects

Despite the copious anecdotal evidence available, research only recently examines the multidimensional dynamics associated with underdog brands and their essential, complex place in the business world. This research seeks to better conceptualize, operationalize, and refine the theories and constructs surrounding underdogs. The study conducts two 2 × 2 × 2 quasi-experimental between-subjects design studies to fulfill these objectives. Study 1 is designed to confirm that brand localness needs to be separated from underdog concepts as both brand cues distinctively prompt customers’ purchase activism depending on their political orientations. Study 2 extends the system justification theory by replicating Study 1 using a different context and refining control variables to better understand other potential explanations of customer behavior toward underdog/localness brand cues. The results indicate that brand positioning status and brand localness both have main effects on intent to purchase and willingness to pay a price premium. Furthermore, results find political orientation is an important moderator in determining whether customers purchase underdog brands.

Effect of External Counterpulsation on Exercise Recovery in Team Sport Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (08) ◽  
pp. 511-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Collins ◽  
Denise McGrath ◽  
Katy Horner ◽  
Silvia Eusebi ◽  
Massimiliano Ditroilo
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
External Counterpulsation ◽  
Main Effects

AbstractExternal counterpulsation (ECP), an electrocardiogram-led sequential compression of lower limbs, has been recently proposed for sports recovery, but research is scant. This study examined the effects of an ECP session upon neuromuscular function (vertical jump and torque/velocity characteristics), biochemical responses (creatine kinase, cortisol, testosterone, alpha-amylase and immunoglobulin-A), and muscle soreness (visual analogue scale) following high-intensity exercise. Twenty-one male team sport athletes (age: 21.6±3.4 yrs; height: 182.7±7.3 cm; body mass: 82.7±9.3 kg) recovered from the fatiguing exercise using either ECP or rest. Data collection was conducted at three separate time points: upon arrival (Pre), post-recovery (Post), and 24 h post-recovery (24hPost). Significant main effects for time were observed for increased torque/velocity slope and for decreased isometric extension peak torque (p<0.001). Significant main effects for time were observed for increased creatine kinase, testosterone, alpha-amylase, and muscle soreness (all p<0.001). Significant interaction effects were observed at post-testing following ECP: Cortisol release and the related decline in testosterone/cortisol ratio were attenuated, and immunoglobulin-A was increased following ECP in comparison to the control (all p<0.05). Following high-intensity exercise, ECP has potentially beneficial effects upon biomarkers of recovery, without affecting the neuromuscular function.

Age and Level of Performance in Major League Baseball

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-232
Author(s):  
Ray Over
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Component Skills ◽  
Major League ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Batting Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between age and the level of performance of major league baseball players was assessed through quasi-experimental designs. Whereas cross-sectional comparisons revealed no differences in batting and fielding statistics between younger and older players, longitudinal analysis showed significant decrements in batting performance as players aged from 30 to 35 years. A decline in performance with age was found even among elite players. Age decrements in achievement need to be studied not only in the context of molar measures such as batting statistics but also at a microanalytic level through reference to component skills. This paper outlines a methodology that can be used in assessing the nature and basis of age decrements in skilled athletic performance.

Influence of barefoot, barefoot inspired and conventional shoes on tibial accelerations and loading kinetics during running in natural rearfoot strikers

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sinclair ◽  
P.J. Taylor ◽  
S. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Impact Loading ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Barefoot Running ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tibial Acceleration ◽  
Main Effects

Running barefoot and in footwear designed to mimic barefoot locomotion, has received considerable attention in footwear research. This study examined the differences in impact force and tibial acceleration parameters. Ten male participants completed 10 trials when running barefoot, in vibram five-fingers and in conventional footwear at three locomotion velocities: walk, jog and run (1.25, 3.5 and 5.0 m/s, respectively). Impact force and tibial acceleration parameters were synchronously obtained and contrasted between footwear and velocities using 3 (footwear) x 3 (velocity) repeated measures ANOVA's. Significant main effects were obtained for both footwear and velocity which suggest that barefoot running at higher velocities is associated with increases in impact loading magnitude. This leads to the conclusion that barefoot locomotion may be associated with increased risk of injury regardless of running velocity and that more specifically running barefoot at higher velocities should be undertaken with caution.

scholarly journals The malleability of intelligence: the effects of schooling, genetic factors, socioeconomic status, and their interplay in children.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Judd ◽  
Bruno Sauce ◽  
Torkel Klingberg
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Impact

Schooling, socioeconomic status (SES), and genetics all play large roles in intelligence differences. However, it is unclear to what extent their contributions are unique and if they interact. Here we used a multitrait polygenic score for cognition (cog-PGS) with a quasi-experimental regression discontinuity design to isolate how months of schooling relate to intelligence in 7,853 children (aged 9-11). We found large, independent effects of schooling, cog-PGS, and SES on working memory, crystallized (cIQ), and fluid intelligence (fIQ). Intriguingly, we found evidence for gene-by-environment interplay between cog-PGS and SES for cIQ, and a trend in the same direction for fIQ. This interaction was negative meaning that the intelligence of the highest SES children was the least affected by genetic differences, while the lowest SES children were most affected by genetic variability. Schooling showed no interaction with cog-PGS or SES for the three intelligence domains tested. While schooling had strong main effects on intelligence, it did not lessen, nor widen the impact of these preexisting SES or genetic factors.

scholarly journals MUSCLE ACTIVATION DURING FOREHAND AND BACKHAND DRIVES IN THE SPORT DISCIPLINE OF TENNIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Vasilios Koronas ◽  
Nikolaos Koutlianos
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Muscular Function ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Individual Sports

Tennis is one of the most popular individual sports all over the world. Strength and trained muscles are required for a player in order to achieve a good backhand, forehand, volley or flat stroke. Especially while playing tennis are many kinds of muscles involved, including the lower body muscles, trunk muscles and upper body muscles. The purpose of this review is to present the activated muscles in the basic tennis movements of forehand and backhand and to improve the knowledge about their role in order to help tennis players and coaches to enhance their tennis performance and to reduce risk of injury. To support the present review, data were gathered from library and network databases using keywords such as tennis, muscles, forehand, and backhand for publications between 2015 and 2019. Overall, thirty-five references were detected and used. The literature showed that forehand and backhand drives are strokes that involve muscles not only of the upper limbs but also a series of more complex movements that start with the feet and end with the swinging of the tennis racket. The insight for the action of the muscles in tennis should be utilized in tennis players so as to better understand the muscular function which takes part in specific tennis movements and has a greater performance. In addition, this knowledge is considered strongly beneficial for the coaches and the favourable building of the training process.

scholarly journals Nutrition for the Prevention and Treatment of Injuries in Track and Field Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme L. Close ◽  
Craig Sale ◽  
Keith Baar ◽  
Stephane Bermon
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Low Energy Availability

Injuries are an inevitable consequence of athletic performance with most athletes sustaining one or more during their athletic careers. As many as one in 12 athletes incur an injury during international competitions, many of which result in time lost from training and competition. Injuries to skeletal muscle account for over 40% of all injuries, with the lower leg being the predominant site of injury. Other common injuries include fractures, especially stress fractures in athletes with low energy availability, and injuries to tendons and ligaments, especially those involved in high-impact sports, such as jumping. Given the high prevalence of injury, it is not surprising that there has been a great deal of interest in factors that may reduce the risk of injury, or decrease the recovery time if an injury should occur: One of the main variables explored is nutrition. This review investigates the evidence around various nutrition strategies, including macro- and micronutrients, as well as total energy intake, to reduce the risk of injury and improve recovery time, focusing upon injuries to skeletal muscle, bone, tendons, and ligaments.

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