scholarly journals Validity of New Technologies That Measure Bone-Related Dietary and Physical Activity Risk Factors in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5688
Author(s):  
Alyse Davies ◽  
Yumeng Shi ◽  
Adrian Bauman ◽  
Margaret Allman-Farinelli
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Activity Assessment ◽  
Reaction Forces

New technologies may improve the validity of dietary and physical activity assessment and thereby associated findings for lifestyle-related bone health research. This scoping review mapped the evidence for the validity of new technologies that measure bone-related dietary and physical activity risk factors in adolescents and young adults. A systematic literature search was conducted using seven electronic databases for peer-reviewed studies published from January 2008 to 2021. Four studies from four countries were deemed eligible and included in the qualitative synthesis for this review. Two studies assessed diet, reporting the validity or usability of apps. Apps were shown to be a valid tool to measure the dietary intake of vitamin D (r = 0.84) and calcium (r = 0.63). Two studies assessed physical activity and reported the validity of wearable devices to measure impact loading. Hip-worn raw acceleration output correlated positively with ground reaction forces (GRF) for both studies (r range = 0.50–0.87), but wrist-worn accelerations and loading outcomes differed between studies, reporting poor to strong correlations (r range = 0.17–0.87). More research to provide robust evidence concerning validity, reliability, usability and engagement for the use of newer technologies is needed for future diet and physical activity bone research.

A scoping review of studies exploring physical activity among adolescents and young adults diagnosed with cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1875-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Brunet ◽  
Amanda Wurz ◽  
Shirin M. Shallwani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults

scholarly journals Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression in Pediatric Palliative Care Patients with Severe Neurological Impairment—A Scoping Literature Review and Case Reports

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Maximilian David Mauritz ◽  
Carola Hasan ◽  
Larissa Alice Dreier ◽  
Pia Schmidt ◽  
Boris Zernikow
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Opioid Therapy ◽  
Pediatric Palliative Care ◽  
Severe Neurological Impairment

Pediatric Palliative Care (PPC) addresses children, adolescents, and young adults with a broad spectrum of underlying diseases. A substantial proportion of these patients have irreversible conditions accompanied by Severe Neurological Impairment (SNI). For the treatment of pain and dyspnea, strong opioids are widely used in PPC. Nonetheless, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the opioid-related side effects in pediatric patients with SNI, particularly concerning Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression (OIRD). Research on pain and OIRD in pediatric patients with SNI is limited. Using scoping review methodology, we performed a systematic literature search for OIRD in pediatric patients with SNI. Out of n = 521 identified articles, n = 6 studies were included in the review. Most studies examined the effects of short-term intravenous opioid therapy. The incidence of OIRD varied between 0.13% and 4.6%; besides SNI, comorbidities, and polypharmacy were the most relevant risk factors. Additionally, three clinical cases of OIRD in PPC patients receiving oral or transdermal opioids are presented and discussed. The case reports indicate that the risk factors identified in the scoping review also apply to adolescents and young adults with SNI receiving low-dose oral or transdermal opioid therapy. However, the risk of OIRD should never be a barrier to adequate symptom relief. We recommend careful consideration and systematic observation of opioid therapy in this population of patients.

Body image among adolescents and young adults diagnosed with cancer: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madison F. Vani ◽  
Kristen M. Lucibello ◽  
Linda Trinh ◽  
Daniel Santa Mina ◽  
Catherine M. Sabiston
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults

scholarly journals Obesity in Children and Adolescents during COVID-19 Pandemic

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Androniki Stavridou ◽  
Evangelia Kapsali ◽  
Eleni Panagouli ◽  
Athanasios Thirios ◽  
Konstantinos Polychronis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Sugary Drinks ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Obesity In Children

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to special circumstances and changes to everyday life due to the worldwide measures that were imposed such as lockdowns. This review aims to evaluate obesity in children, adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A literature search was conducted to evaluate pertinent studies up to 10 November 2020. Results: A total of 15 articles were eligible; 9 identified 17,028,111 children, adolescents and young adults from 5–25 years old, 5 pertained to studies with an age admixture (n = 20,521) and one study included parents with children 5–18 years old (n = 584). During the COVID-19 era, children, adolescents and young adults gained weight. Changes in dietary behaviors, increased food intake and unhealthy food choices including potatoes, meat and sugary drinks were noted during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Food insecurity associated with financial reasons represents another concern. Moreover, as the restrictions imposed reduced movements out of the house, physical activity was limited, representing another risk factor for weight gain. Conclusions: COVID-19 restrictions disrupted the everyday routine of children, adolescents and young adults and elicited changes in their eating behaviors and physical activity. To protect them, health care providers should highlight the risk of obesity and provide prevention strategies, ensuring also parental participation. Worldwide policies, guidelines and precautionary measures should ideally be established.

scholarly journals The natural course of DSM-IV somatoform disorders and syndromes among adolescents and young adults: a prospective-longitudinal community study

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roselind Lieb ◽  
Petra Zimmermann ◽  
Robert H Friis ◽  
Michael Höfler ◽  
Sven Tholen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Over Time

SummaryObjective.Although somatoform disorders are assumed to be chronic clinical conditions, epidemiological knowledge on their natural course based on representative samples is not available.Method.Data come from a prospective epidemiologic study of adolescents and young adults in Munich, Germany. Respondents’ diagnoses (N = 2548) at baseline and follow-up on average 42 months later are considered. The follow-up incidence, stability as well as selected baseline risk factors (sociodemographics, psychopathology, trauma exposure) for the incidence and stability of somatoform disorders and syndromes are prospectively examined. Diagnostic information was assessed by using the standardized Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI).Results.Over the follow-up period, incidence rate for any of the covered somatoform diagnoses was 25.7%. Stability for the overall group of any somatoform disorder/syndrome was 48%. Female gender, lower social class, the experience of any substance use, anxiety and affective disorder as well as the experience of traumatic sexual and physical threat events predicted new onsets of somatoform conditions, while stability was predicted by being female, prior existing substance use, affective and eating disorders as well as the experience of a serious accident.Conclusions.At least for a substantial proportion of individuals, the overall picture of somatization seems to be relatively stable, but with fluctuation in the symptom picture over time. Being female, the experience of substance use as well as anxiety disorder seem to constitute risk factors for the onset of new somatoform conditions as well as for a stable course over time.

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