Using Bus Ticketing Big Data to Investigate the Behaviors of the Population Flow of Chinese Suburban Residents in the Post-COVID-19 Phase

Large-scale population movements can turn local diseases into widespread epidemics. Grasping the characteristic of the population flow in the context of the COVID-19 is of great significance for providing information to epidemiology and formulating scientific and reasonable prevention and control policies. Especially in the post-COVID-19 phase, it is essential to maintain the achievement of the fight against the epidemic. Previous research focuses on flight and railway passenger travel behavior and patterns, but China also has numerous suburban residents with a not-high economic level; investigating their travel behaviors is significant for national stability. However, estimating the impacts of the COVID-19 for suburban residents’ travel behaviors remains challenging because of lacking apposite data. Here we submit bus ticketing data including approximately 26,000,000 records from April 2020–August 2020 for 2705 stations. Our results indicate that Suburban residents in Chinese Southern regions are more likely to travel by bus, and travel frequency is higher. Associated with the economic level, we find that residents in the economically developed region more likely to travel or carry out various social activities. Considering from the perspective of the traveling crowd, we find that men and young people are easier to travel by bus; however, they are exactly the main workforce. The indication of our findings is that suburban residents’ travel behavior is affected profoundly by economy and consistent with the inherent behavior patterns before the COVID-19 outbreak. We use typical regions as verification and it is indeed the case.

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Ancient genomes reveal long range influence of the site and culture of Tiwanaku

10.1101/2021.01.22.427554 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Danijela Popović ◽

Martyna Molak ◽

Mariusz Ziołkowski ◽

Alexei Vranich ◽

Maciej Sobczyk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Cultural Development ◽

Mixed Ancestry ◽

Population Movements ◽

Lake Titicaca ◽

Residential Population ◽

Titicaca Basin ◽

Lake Titicaca Basin ◽

Scale Population ◽

Low Coverage

AbstractTiwanaku was a civilization that flourished in the Lake Titicaca Basin (present-day Bolivia) between 500 and 1000 CE. At its apogee, Tiwanaku controlled the lake’s southern shores and influenced certain areas of the Southern Andes. There is a considerable amount of archaeological and anthropological data concerning the Tiwanaku culture; however, our understanding of the population of the site of Tiwanaku is limited. To understand the population dynamics at different stages of the Tiwanaku cultural development, we analyzed 17 low-coverage genomes from individuals dated between 300 and 1500 CE. We found that the population from the Lake Titicaca Basin remained genetically unchanged throughout more than 1200 years, indicating that significant cultural and political changes were not associated with large scale population movements. In contrast, individuals excavated from Tiwanaku’s ritual core were highly heterogeneous, some with genetic ancestry from as far away as the Amazon, supporting the proposition of foreign presence at the site. However, mixed-ancestry individuals’ presence suggests they were local descendants of incomers from afar rather than captives or visiting pilgrims. A number of human offerings from the Akapana Platform dating to ca. 950 CE mark the end of active construction and maintenance of the monumental core and the wane of Tiwanaku culture.Significance StatementTiwanaku was an important pre-Inca polity in South America and an example of primary social complexity on par with civilizations in the Indus and Nile river valley. Flourishing between 500 and 1000 CE, Tiwanaku exercised control in the south Titicaca basin and influenced a vast area in southern Peru, Bolivia, and northern Chile. Comprehensive archeological studies provided information about the rise, expansion, and fall of the Tiwanaku culture, but little is known about the monumental site’s population. To address this lacuna, we generated low coverage genomes for 17 individuals, revealing that while the Titicaca basin’s residential population was homogenous, the individuals excavated from the ritual core of Tiwanaku drew their ancestry from distant regions.

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Security and Language Policy

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190458898.013.30 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Constadina Charalambous ◽

Panayiota Charalambous ◽

Kamran Khan ◽

Ben Rampton

Keyword(s):

Language Policy ◽

Policy Development ◽

Large Scale ◽

Language Education ◽

Ground Level ◽

Security Studies ◽

Population Movements ◽

Critical Security Studies ◽

First Case ◽

Scale Population

This chapter draws critical security studies into the investigation of language policy for two reasons. First, it provides informative commentary on how the concept of security is being reconfigured, with developments in digital technology, large-scale population movements, and the privatisation of public services. Second, it is increasingly attentive to how geopolitics permeates the everyday. Accordingly, critical security studies can generate considerable scope for connection with research on language in society. This chapter provides two case studies of security and language policy in which “enemy” and “fear” have been active principles in language policy development. The first case shows how security has become an increasingly influential theme in the United Kingdom. The second case, focusing on Cyprus, describes how legacies of large-scale violent conflict can generate rather unexpected ground-level enactments of language education policy.

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Mapping differential vulnerabilities and rights: ‘opening’ access to social protection for forcibly displaced populations

Comparative Migration Studies ◽

10.1186/s40878-019-0142-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rachel Sabates-Wheeler

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Social Protection ◽

Population Movements ◽

Internally Displaced ◽

Global Trends ◽

Displaced Populations ◽

Political Conflicts ◽

Scale Population ◽

Displaced People ◽

Institutional Capability

Abstract In recent years, forcibly displaced populations have attracted enormous media attention as an increasing number of disasters and political conflicts push more and more people to move away from their homes and seek refuge and opportunities in other places. At the same time, political nervousness about the financial and institutional capability of ‘receiving’ locations to adequately respond to the needs of these large-scale population movements contributes to the shrinking space for thinking about the rights and needs of people on the move. It is precisely because of these global trends that the plight of forcibly displaced populations is becoming more precarious and vulnerable, yet standard social protection provision rarely attends to the plight of these people. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate the remit and implications for including a consideration of forcibly displaced populations (including internally displaced people, refugees and asylum seekers) within social protection policy and programming. Drawing on a limited number of recent initiatives, we suggest some ways in which social protection can be ‘opened’ for these groups.

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Εσωτερικές μεταναστεύσεις στο ύστερο Βυζάντιο (μέσα 13ου - τέλη 14ου αι.)

BYZANTINA SYMMEIKTA ◽

10.12681/byzsym.10612 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 211

Author(s):

Αναστασία ΚΟΝΤΟΓΙΑΝΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ

Keyword(s):

Social Life ◽

Large Scale ◽

Military Operations ◽

Urban Centers ◽

Population Movements ◽

Political Role ◽

Religious Conflicts ◽

The People ◽

Scale Population ◽

Byzantine Period

This paper intents to investigate the terminology used in Byzantine sources for the description of large scale population movements (migration). It also examines the factors causing migrations, their effects, as well as the social and political role of the migrants in their host regions. The often fragmented and scattered evidence in the available primary sources of the period under examination indicates frequent, as well as large movements of population. These movements involve primarily people who flee war zones or conquered areas in search of a safer region within the borders of the Byzantine State. Apart from population movements triggered by military operations, migrations were also caused by political and religious conflicts, natural disasters, epidemics, economic needs and the imperial initiative. Movements of population caused by enemy attacks were provisional, if these attacks did not result to the permanent conquest of a city or region. If, however, certain regions were irrevocably lost to the enemy, then the migration of the former inhabitants of these regions was permanent. The people who moved to the urban centers of this period were gradually incorporated in the economic and social life of the host areas, contributing thus significantly to a much needed regeneration, especially under the turbulent conditions of the late byzantine period.

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Admixture into and within sub-Saharan Africa

10.1101/038406 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

George Busby ◽

Gavin Band ◽

Quang Si Le ◽

Muminatou Jallow ◽

Edith Bougama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Haplotype Diversity ◽

Geographic Region ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Agricultural Technologies ◽

Population Movements ◽

Crucial Component ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

Scale Population ◽

Sub Saharan

Understanding patterns of genetic diversity is a crucial component of medical research in Africa. Here we use haplotype-based population genetics inference to describe gene-flow and admixture in a collection of 48 African groups with a focus on the major populations of the sub-Sahara. Our analysis presents a framework for interpreting haplotype diversity within and between population groups and provides a demographic foundation for genetic epidemiology in Africa. We show that coastal African populations have experienced an influx of Eurasian haplotypes as a series of admixture events over the last 7,000 years, and that Niger-Congo speaking groups from East and Southern Africa share ancestry with Central West Africans as a result of recent population expansions associated with the adoption of new agricultural technologies. We demonstrate that most sub-Saharan populations share ancestry with groups from outside of their current geographic region as a result of large-scale population movements over the last 4,000 years. Our in-depth analysis of admixture provides an insight into haplotype sharing across different geographic groups and the recent movement of alleles into new climatic and pathogenic environments, both of which will aid the interpretation of genetic studies of disease in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Port-au-Prince, Washington, Santo Domingo Premières leçons d'un embargo (Note)

Études internationales ◽

10.7202/703386ar ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 671-692

Author(s):

André Corten

Keyword(s):

Dominican Republic ◽

Large Scale ◽

Military Intervention ◽

The United States ◽

Population Movements ◽

American Military ◽

Congressional Black Caucus ◽

Political Relations ◽

Scale Population ◽

The One

After three pro-embargo resolutions from the OAS and five from the Security Council, an American military intervention authorized by the United Nations has enabled the democratically elected president Jean-Bertrand Aristide to return to office. This article seeks to trace the escalation from embargo to military intervention with reference to the transnationalization of social, economic, and political relations in which Haïti, the United States, and the Dominican Republic are directly involved. Large-scale population movements - deemed to be "threats to peace", and the importance of a "humanitarian" form of discourse and, even more so, a form of discourse about the "suffering" of the "unfortunate people of Haïti who are bearing... the full weight of sanctions" (Boutros-Ghali) are components of such transnationalized relations. These relations have developed in a setting that the boat people issue has determined in several ways, a setting where one can make out, on the one hand, a joining of forces between, among other people, the Haïtian priest-president and the U.S. congressional black caucus and, on the other hand, a shaky coalition comprising notably the president of the Dominican Republic, the Dominican archbishop, the Conference of Haitian bishops, the Vatican, and certain sectors of the American administration. Pena Gomez - a black man believed to be of Haïtian origin - ran as candidate for the Dominican presidential election and his candidacy was favoured for quite some time in the opinion polls. He ultimately failed, however, to provide an alternative in terms of political culture. The election on May 16, 1994 in the Dominican Republic was marked by incidents of fraud. The "international community", preoccupied as it was with re-establishing peace in Haiti, reacted feebly.

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HaploHide: A Data Hiding Framework for Privacy Enhanced Sharing of Personal Genetic Data

10.1101/786517 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Arif Harmanci ◽

Xiaoqian Jiang ◽

Degui Zhi

Keyword(s):

Genetic Information ◽

Large Scale ◽

Homomorphic Encryption ◽

Genomic Data ◽

Genetic Data ◽

Direct Access ◽

Processing Cost ◽

Scale Population ◽

Variant Alleles ◽

And Control

AbstractPersonal genetic data is becoming a digital commodity as millions of individuals have direct access to and control of their genetic information. This information must be protected as it can be used for reidentification and potential discrimination of individuals and relatives. While there is a great incentive to share and use genetic information, there are limited number of practical approaches for protecting it when individuals would like to make use of their genomes in clinical and recreational settings. To enable privacy-enhanced usage of genomic data by individuals, we propose a crowd-blending-based framework where portions of the individual’s haplotype is “hidden” within a large sample of other haplotypes. The hiding framework is motivated by the existence of large-scale population panels that we utilize for generation of the crowd of haplotypes in which the individual’s haplotype is hidden. We demonstrate the usage of hiding in two different scenarios: Sharing of variant alleles on genes and sharing of GWAS variant alleles. We evaluate hiding framework by testing reidentification of hidden individuals using numerous measures of individual reidentification. In these settings, we discuss how effective hiding can be accomplished when the adversary does not have access to auxiliary identifying information. Compared to the existing approaches for protecting privacy, which require substantial changes in the computational infrastructure, e.g., homomorphic encryption, hiding-based framework does not incur any changes to the infrastructure. However, the processing must be performed for every sample in the crowd and therefore data processing cost will increase as the crowd size increases.

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Transnational Migration and the Modern Democratic State: Familiar Problems in New Form or a New Problem?

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science ◽

10.1177/0002716286485001002 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 485 (1) ◽

pp. 12-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

BARBARA SCHMITTER HEISLER ◽

MARTIN O. HEISLER

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Western Europe ◽

Transnational Migration ◽

Welfare States ◽

Host Countries ◽

Population Movements ◽

Democratic State ◽

Scale Population ◽

National Boundaries ◽

Political Economic

Migration to Western Europe in the past 20 to 25 years differs substantially in form and consequences from earlier large-scale population movements across national boundaries. The importation of temporary foreign workers on a modest scale—to meet labor shortages in arduous, low-status occupations—rapidly yielded massive political, economic, cultural, and international problems for the countries of in-migration. The temporary sojourn of mostly single males hired for specific jobs has been transmuted into the semi-settled presence of more than 15 million persons, most of whom are culturally very distinct from the host populations and are now dependents of the original migrants. Their protracted presence is explained in part by the economic and political attractiveness of the liberal welfare states, in part by the more limited opportunities in the countries of origin, and in part by the latter countries' policies. The host societies are strained by the new and substantial imported cultural diversity and the emergence of a socioeconomic and political underclass. The political ethos of the host countries and formal agreements with the sending countries preclude involuntary repatriation, and the myth of return associated with the semi-settled condition of the migrants militates against their assimilation. No ready solutions are apparent.

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The protection of displaced persons in non-international armed conflicts

International Review of the Red Cross ◽

10.1017/s0020860400071175 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 32 (291) ◽

pp. 567-580 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Denise Plattner

Keyword(s):

Political Violence ◽

Large Scale ◽

Armed Conflicts ◽

Displaced Persons ◽

Minority Communities ◽

Population Movements ◽

Governmental Organizations ◽

Non Governmental Organizations ◽

Scale Population ◽

Protection Of Human Rights

In recent years a number of institutions, in particular non-governmental organizations, have brought their attention to bear on the plight of people displaced within national borders. Prompted by their interest in the protection of human rights, and in keeping with the charitable nature of their work, they have focused the international spotlight on the situation of those who leave their homes in a context marked by political violence. The international community has thus been made aware of two things simultaneously: first, that countries affected by internal armed conflicts have a large number of displaced persons, and second, that armed clashes often result in large-scale population movements. The displacement of minority communities can even become a deliberate policy.

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