Indigenous Community-Led Programs to Address Food and Water Security: Protocol for a Systematic Review

The connection between indigenous peoples and Country (a multidimensional concept including land and water) enabled communities to thrive and survive over millennia. This has been eroded by colonisation, dispossession and increasing food and water insecurity due to climate change and supply constraints. Globally, indigenous peoples experience a disproportionate burden of chronic disease and poor nutrition is a major risk factor. Indigenous leaders have been advocating for community-led solutions. The primary aim of this systematic review is to determine what community-led programs have been undertaken to address food and/or water security globally. A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed literature will be performed in EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, LILACs, Informit and Business Source Premier. The grey literature search will include grey literature databases, customised Google search engines, targeted websites, and consultation with experts. The search strategy will consist of four concepts, combined as follows: (1) indigenous peoples AND (2) community program AND (3) food security OR (4) water security. Covidence will be used for study screening and data extraction by two authors. A deductive thematic analysis using indigenous-informed methodologies will be used to synthesise data. This review seeks to provide insight on models and mechanisms to encourage action and metrics for quantifying success of indigenous community-led programs to improve food and water security.

Download Full-text

Misuse of medication in adult substance misuse services: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047283 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. e047283

Author(s):

Rosalind Gittins ◽

Louise Missen ◽

Ian Maidment

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Substance Misuse ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Opioid Analgesics ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Qualitative Synthesis ◽

Treatment Services ◽

The Impact

IntroductionThere is a growing concern about the misuse of over the counter (OTC) and prescription only medication (POM) because of the impact on physical and mental health, drug interactions, overdoses and drug-related deaths. These medicines include opioid analgesics, anxiolytics such as pregabalin and diazepam and antidepressants. This protocol outlines how a systematic review will be undertaken (during June 2021), which aims to examine the literature on the pattern of OTC and POM misuse among adults who are accessing substance misuse treatment services. It will include the types of medication being taken, prevalence and demographic characteristics of people who access treatment services.Methods and analysisAn electronic search will be conducted on the Cochrane, OVID Medline, Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databases as well as grey literature. Two independent reviewers will conduct the initial title and abstract screenings, using predetermined criteria for inclusion and exclusion. If selected for inclusion, full-text data extraction will be conducted using a pilot-tested data extraction form. A third reviewer will resolve disagreements if consensus cannot be reached. Quality and risk of bias assessment will be conducted for all included studies. A qualitative synthesis and summary of the data will be provided. If possible, a meta-analysis with heterogeneity calculation will be conducted; otherwise, Synthesis Without Meta-analysis will be undertaken for quantitative data. The reporting of this protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. Findings will be peer reviewed, published and shared verbally, electronically and in print, with interested clinicians and policymakers.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020135216.

Download Full-text

The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox - a potential threat? A systematic review

10.1101/2021.12.21.21268202 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eveline Bunge ◽

Bernard Hoet ◽

Liddy Chen ◽

Florian Lienert ◽

Heinz Weidenthaler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Democratic Republic ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Case Fatality ◽

West African ◽

Smallpox Vaccination ◽

Potential Threat ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Republic Of The Congo

Monkeypox, a zoonotic disease caused by an orthopoxvirus, results in a smallpox-like disease in humans. Since monkeypox in humans was initially diagnosed in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), it has spread to other regions of Africa (primarily West and Central), and cases outside Africa have emerged in recent years. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature on how monkeypox epidemiology has evolved, with particular emphasis on the number of confirmed, probable, and/or possible cases, age at presentation, mortality, and geographical spread. The review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020208269). We identified 48 peer-reviewed articles and 18 grey literature sources for data extraction. The number of human monkeypox cases has been on the rise since the 1970s, with the most dramatic increases occurring in the DRC. The median age at presentation has increased from 4 (1970s) to 21 years (2010-2019). There was an overall case fatality rate of 8.7%, with a significant difference between clades - Central African 10.6% (95% CI: 8.4% - 13.3%) vs. West African 3.6% (95% CI: 1.7% - 6.8%). Since 2003, import- and travel-related spread outside of Africa has occasionally resulted in outbreaks. Interactions/activities with infected animals or individuals are risk behaviors associated with acquiring monkeypox. Our review shows an escalation of monkeypox cases, especially in the highly endemic DRC, a spread to other countries, and a growing median age from young children to young adults. These findings may be related to the cessation of smallpox vaccination, which provided some cross-protection against monkeypox, leading to increased human-to-human transmission. The appearance of outbreaks beyond Africa highlights the global relevance of the disease. Increased surveillance and detection of monkeypox cases are essential tools for understanding the continuously changing epidemiology of this resurging disease.

Download Full-text

Internet of Things–Enabled Technologies for Weight Management in Children and Adolescents: Protocol for a Systematic Review

JMIR Research Protocols ◽

10.2196/16930 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. e16930

Author(s):

Ching Lam ◽

Madison Milne-Ives ◽

Michelle Helena Van Velthoven ◽

Edward Meinert

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Internet Of Things ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Weight Management ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Medical Spending ◽

Google Search

Background Childhood obesity is a serious global issue, leading to increased medical spending on obesity-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. There is a need for health care services that link health behavior to risk factors, such as diet and physical activity, and that provide better advice and feedback to users, which Internet of Things–enabled technologies could facilitate. Objective The objective of the systematic review will be to identify available Internet of Things–enabled technologies for weight management of children and adolescents (users younger than 18 years). It will also aim to understand the use, effectiveness, and feasibility of these technologies. Methods We will search the Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest Central, and IEEE Xplore Digital Library databases for studies published after 2010, using a combination of keywords and subject headings related to health activity tracking, youth, and Internet of Things. In addition, a Google search to identify grey literature will be conducted. Two authors will independently screen the titles and abstracts identified from the search and accept or reject the studies according to the study inclusion criteria. Any discrepancies will then be discussed and resolved. The quality of the included studies will be assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklists. Data from included studies will be extracted into a predesigned form to identify the types of devices or apps, Internet of Things applications, and health outcomes related to weight management. Results A preliminary search on Medline returned 484 results. The publication of the final systematic review is expected in mid-2020. Conclusions The effectiveness and feasibility of physical activity trackers and consumer wearables for different patient groups have been well reviewed, but there are currently no published reviews that look into these technologies in the wider Internet of Things context. This review aims to address this gap by examining Internet of Things–enabled technologies that are designed for youth weight management and thus inform further research and clinical studies to reduce childhood obesity. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/16930

Download Full-text

Musculoskeletal care pathways for adults with hip and knee pain referred for specialist opinion: a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027874 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. e027874 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kate Button ◽

Fiona Morgan ◽

Alison Lesley Weightman ◽

Stephen Jones

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Knee Pain ◽

Systems Approach ◽

Health Management ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Care Pathways ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Musculoskeletal Care ◽

Randomised Controlled

ObjectiveMusculoskeletal care pathways are variable and inconsistent. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence for the clinical and/or cost effectiveness of current care pathways for adults with hip and/or knee pain referred for specialist opinion.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesElectronic database searches were carried out in MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, PEDro, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central and Health Management Information Consortium without language restriction from 1990 onwards. Websites were reviewed for grey literature.Eligibility criteriaAll study designs and documents that considered care pathways for adults with musculoskeletal hip and/or knee pain referred for specialist opinion were screened by two reviewers. Risk of bias was assessed using The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for randomised controlled trials and the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists.Data extraction and synthesisData extraction and quality assessment were performed by one reviewer and checked by a second. Findings are reported narratively.ResultsThe titles and abstracts of 1248 articles were screened and 140 full-text articles retrieved. 19 papers reporting 17 studies met the study inclusion criteria. Quality was low due to study design and methodological flaws. Most of the outcomes relate to organisational process at the ‘meso’ level of a whole systems approach.ConclusionIt can be concluded that the pathway is not linear, containing variations and activity loops. The available evidence suggests that, from the point of referral for specialist opinion, a model is required that integrates the skills of all the different healthcare professionals and streamlining is required to ensure that individuals are seen by the healthcare professional that best meets their needs. There is very limited evidence of patient experience informing knee and hip care pathways.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016035510.

Download Full-text

Assessment of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to pertussis vaccination: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028109 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. e028109 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Funbi Akinola ◽

Rudzani Muloiwa ◽

Gregory, D Hussey ◽

Violette Dirix ◽

Benjamin Kagina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Immune Response ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Public Space ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Population Type

IntroductionGlobally, some studies show a resurgence of pertussis. The risks and benefits of using whole-cell pertussis (wP) or acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines in the control of the disease have been widely debated. Better control of pertussis will require improved understanding of the immune response to pertussis vaccines. Improved understanding and assessment of the immunity induced by pertussis vaccines is thus imperative. Several studies have documented different immunological outcomes to pertussis vaccination from an array of assays. We propose to conduct a systematic review of the different immunological assays and outcomes used in the assessment of the humoraland cell-mediated immune response following pertussis vaccination.Methods and analysisThe primary outcomes for consideration are quality and quantity of immune responses (humoral and cell-mediated) post-pertussis vaccination. Of interest as secondary outcomes are types of immunoassays used in assessing immune responses post-pertussis vaccination, types of biological samples used in assessing immune responses post-pertussis vaccination, as well as the types of antigens used to stimulate these samples during post-pertussis vaccination immune response assessments. Different electronic databases (including PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCO Host, Scopus and Web of Science) will be accessed for peer-reviewed published and grey literature evaluating immune responses to pertussis vaccines between 1990 and 2019. The quality of included articles will be assessed using standardised risk and quality assessment tools specific to the study design used in each article. Data extraction will be done using a data extraction form. The extracted data will be analysed using STATA V.14.0 and RevMan V.5.3 software. A subgroup analysis will be conducted based on the study population, type of vaccine (wP or aP) and type of immune response (cell-mediated or humoral). Guidelines for reporting systematic reviews in the revised 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement will be used in this study.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this study as it is a systematic review. We will only make use of data already available in the public space. Findings will be reported via publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific meetings and workshops.Trial registration numberCRD42018102455.

Download Full-text

Systematic review of instruments for assessing culinary skills and other related concepts in adults: What is the quality of evidence of their psychometric properties?

10.1101/2020.06.12.20129668 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aline Rissatto Teixeira ◽

Daniela Bicalho ◽

Betzabeth Slater ◽

Tacio de Mendonça Lima

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Adult Population ◽

Qualitative Interviews ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Open Access Journals

AbstractBackgroundCulinary skills and food practices are important objects of study in the field of Public Health. Studies that propose to develop instruments for assessing such constructs show lack of methodological uniformity to provide evidence of validity and reliability of their instruments.ObjectiveTo identify studies that have developed instruments to measure culinary skills and other related concepts in adult population, and critically assess their psychometric properties.DesignA systematic review was conducted. A literature search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, LILACS, and Web of Science databases until June 2019. The Directory of Open Access Journals and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify relevant grey literature. Searching, selecting and reporting were done according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement. Two reviewers were independently involved in study selection, data extraction, and instrument quality assessment. A third reviewer resolved all disagreements.ResultsThe search identified 1428 potentially relevant studies, out of which 18 had potentially relevant records and 8 met the inclusion criteria. Studies used literature, experts’ judgement, or qualitative interviews to develop the instruments. No studies received positive scores for all validity criteria. Although most studies received positive scores for internal consistency, none of them received positive scores for stability or presented evidence for content validity. One study showed positive results for construct validity. Two studies reported criterion validity, whose scores were deemed negative.ConclusionsMany studies that surveyed culinary skills and related latent phenomena were identified. The overall quality of the psychometric properties of most instruments was considered insufficient, especially for validity measures. A universal definition of culinary skills as an overarching construct is recommended. The flaws observed in these studies show that there is a need for ongoing research in the area of the psychometric properties of instruments assessing these constructs.

Download Full-text

Epidemiology of podoconiosis in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032850 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. e032850

Author(s):

Birhan Alemnew ◽

Alebachew Fasil ◽

Tesfahun Mulatu ◽

Nigus Bililign ◽

Setegn Esthetie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Forest Plot ◽

Medical Subject Headings ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Manual Search ◽

Trim And Fill

IntroductionPodoconiosis is a non-filarial swelling of the lower extremity endemic in tropical regions, North America and India. The aetiology and pathophysiology of the disease remain unknown. We propose conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the burden and risk factors of podoconiosis in Ethiopia reported in studies from 2009 to 2019.Methods and analysisWe will search the following electronic databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Hinari, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ISI (Web of Science) and Google Scholar. Medical subject headings will be used to extensively search relevant literature on electronic databases using related keywords such as epidemiology or prevalence, magnitude or burden, podoconiosis, and Ethiopia. Grey literature and manual search will also be performed to retrieve unindexed research articles. Two reviewers will screen all retrieved articles, conduct data extraction and then critically appraise all identified studies. We will analyse data using STATA V.14 statistical software. We will demonstrate pooled estimates of podoconiosis and associated factors with effect size and 95% CI. The presence of heterogeneity among studies will be examined by forest plot as well as the I2heterogeneity test. Potential causes of heterogeneity will be explored by carrying out sensitivity and subgroup analyses. The presence of publication bias will also be examined by observing funnel plots and objectively by Egger’s regression test. If the funnel plot is asymmetric and/or Egger’s test was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05), the trim and fill (Duval and Tweedie’s) analysis will be performed.Ethics and disseminationThe study will use publicly available data and will not identify the authors of the publication by name. In light of these and as has been indicated, research ethics clearance is not required for evidence syntheses in such reviews. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at national and international conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019127459.

Download Full-text

A systematic review of factors that enable psychological safety in healthcare teams

International Journal for Quality in Health Care ◽

10.1093/intqhc/mzaa025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 240-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Róisín O’donovan ◽

Eilish Mcauliffe

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Keyword Search ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Psychological Safety ◽

Healthcare Setting ◽

Narrative Synthesis ◽

Observational Measures ◽

Healthcare Teams ◽

Study Selection

Abstract Purpose The current systematic review will identify enablers of psychological safety within the literature in order to produce a comprehensive list of factors that enable psychological safety specific to healthcare teams. Data sources A keyword search strategy was developed and used to search the following electronic databases PsycINFO, ABI/INFORM, Academic search complete and PubMed and grey literature databases OpenGrey, OCLC WorldCAT and Espace. Study selection Peer-reviewed studies relevant to enablers of psychological safety in healthcare setting that were published between 1999 and 2019 were eligible for inclusion. Covidence, an online specialized systematic review website, was used to screen records. Data extraction, quality appraisal and narrative synthesis were conducted on identified papers. Data extraction Thirty-six relevant studies were identified for full review and data extraction. A data extraction template was developed and included sections for the study methodology and the specific enablers identified within each study. Results of data synthesis Identified studies were reviewed using a narrative synthesis. Within the 36 articles reviewed, 13 enablers from across organizational, team and individual levels were identified. These enablers were grouped according to five broader themes: priority for patient safety, improvement or learning orientation, support, familiarity with colleagues, status, hierarchy and inclusiveness and individual differences. Conclusion This systematic review of psychological safety literature identifies a list of enablers of psychological safety within healthcare teams. This list can be used as a first step in developing observational measures and interventions to improve psychological safety in healthcare teams.

Download Full-text

Sport and dance interventions for healthy young people (15–24 years) to promote subjective well-being: a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020959 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. e020959 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Louise Mansfield ◽

Tess Kay ◽

Catherine Meads ◽

Lily Grigsby-Duffy ◽

Jack Lane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Young People ◽

Citation Index ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Well Being ◽

British Library ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Healthy Young People ◽

Google Search

ObjectiveTo review and assess effectiveness of sport and dance participation on subjective well-being outcomes among healthy young people aged 15–24 years.DesignSystematic review.MethodsWe searched for studies published in any language between January 2006 and September 2016 on PsychINFO, Ovid MEDLINE, Eric, Web of Science (Arts and Humanities Citation Index, Social Science and Science Citation Index), Scopus, PILOTS, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and International Index to Performing Arts. Additionally, we searched for unpublished (grey) literature via an online call for evidence, expert contribution, searches of key organisation websites and the British Library EThOS database, and a keyword Google search. Published studies of sport or dance interventions for healthy young people aged 15–24 years where subjective well-being was measured were included. Studies were excluded if participants were paid professionals or elite athletes, or if the intervention was clinical sport/dance therapy. Two researchers extracted data and assessed strength and quality of evidence using criteria in the What Works Centre for Wellbeing methods guide and GRADE, and using standardised reporting forms. Due to clinical heterogeneity between studies, meta-analysis was not appropriate. Grey literature in the form of final evaluation reports on empirical data relating to sport or dance interventions were included.ResultsEleven out of 6587 articles were included (7 randomised controlled trials and 1 cohort study, and 3 unpublished grey evaluation reports). Published literature suggests meditative physical activity (yoga and Baduanjin Qigong) and group-based or peer-supported sport and dance has some potential to improve subjective well-being. Grey literature suggests sport and dance improve subjective well-being but identify negative feelings of competency and capability. The amount and quality of published evidence on sport and dance interventions to enhance subjective well-being is low.ConclusionsMeditative activities, group and peer-supported sport and dance may promote subjective well-being enhancement in youth. Evidence is limited. Better designed studies are needed.Trial registration numberCRD42016048745; Results.

Download Full-text

What are the essential features of a successful surgical registry? a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017373 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. e017373 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Rishi Mandavia ◽

Alec Knight ◽

John Phillips ◽

Elias Mossialos ◽

Peter Littlejohns ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Steering Committee ◽

National Registry ◽

Current Status ◽

Design Development ◽

Screening Process

ObjectiveThe regulation of surgical implants is vital to patient safety, and there is an international drive to establish registries for all implants. Hearing loss is an area of unmet need, and industry is targeting this field with a growing range of surgically implanted hearing devices. Currently, there is no comprehensive UK registry capturing data on these devices; in its absence, it is difficult to monitor safety, practices and effectiveness. A solution is developing a national registry of all auditory implants. However, developing and maintaining a registry faces considerable challenges. In this systematic review, we aimed to identify the essential features of a successful surgical registry.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis recommendations. A comprehensive search of the Medline and Embase databases was conducted in November 2016 using the Ovid Portal. Inclusion criteria were: publications describing the design, development, critical analysis or current status of a national surgical registry. All registry names identified in the screening process were noted and searched in the grey literature. Available national registry reports were reviewed from registry websites. Data were extracted using a data extraction table developed by thematic analysis. Extracted data were synthesised into a structured narrative.ResultsSixty-nine publications were included. The fundamentals to successful registry development include: steering committee to lead and oversee the registry; clear registry objectives; planning for initial and long-term funding; strategic national collaborations among key stakeholders; dedicated registry management team; consensus meetings to agree registry dataset; established data processing systems; anticipating challenges; and implementing strategies to increase data completion. Patient involvement and awareness of legal factors should occur throughout the development process.ConclusionsThis systematic review provides robust knowledge that can be used to inform the successful development of any UK surgical registry. It also provides a methodological framework for international surgical registry development.

Download Full-text