scholarly journals Effect of Different Pollution Parameters and Chemical Components of PM2.5 on Health of Residents of Xinxiang City, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6821
Author(s):  
Shuang Wang ◽  
Mandeep Kaur ◽  
Tengfei Li ◽  
Feng Pan
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Exposure Concentration ◽  
Soluble Ions ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Water Soluble Ions ◽  
Blood Routine

The present study was planned to explore the pollution characteristics, health risks, and influence of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its components on blood routine parameters in a typical industrial city (Xinxiang City) in China. In this study, 102 effective samples 28 (April–May), 19 (July–August), 27 (September–October), 28 (December–January) of PM2.5 were collected during different seasons from 2017 to 2018. The water-soluble ions and metal elements in PM2.5 were analyzed via ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. The blood routine physical examination parameters under different polluted weather conditions from January to December 2017 and 2018, the corresponding PM2.5 concentration, temperature, and relative humidity during the same period were collected from Second People’s Hospital of Xinxiang during 2017–2018. Risk assessment was carried out using the generalized additive time series model (GAM). It was used to analyze the influence of PM2.5 concentration and its components on blood routine indicators of the physical examination population. The “mgcv” package in R.3.5.3 statistical software was used for modeling and analysis and used to perform nonparametric smoothing on meteorological indicators such as temperature and humidity. When Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) value is the smallest, the goodness of fit of the model is the highest. Additionally, the US EPA exposure model was used to evaluate the health risks caused by different heavy metals in PM2.5 to the human body through the respiratory pathway, including carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk. The result showed that the air particulate matter and its chemical components in Xinxiang City were higher in winter as compared to other seasons with an overall trend of winter > spring > autumn > summer. The content of nitrate (NO3−) and sulfate (SO42−) ions in the atmosphere were higher in winter, which, together with ammonium, constitute the main components of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 in Xinxiang City. Source analysis reported that mobile pollution sources (coal combustion emissions, automobile exhaust emissions, and industrial emissions) in Xinxiang City during the winter season contributed more to atmospheric pollution as compared to fixed sources. The results of the risk assessment showed that the non-carcinogenic health risk of heavy metals in fine particulate matter is acceptable to the human body, while among the carcinogenic elements, the order of lifetime carcinogenic risk is arsenic (As) > chromium(Cr) > cadmium (Cd) > cobalt(Co) > nickel (Ni). During periods of haze pollution, the exposure concentration of PM2.5 has a certain lag effect on blood routine parameters. On the day when haze pollution occurs, when the daily average concentration of PM2.5 rises by 10 μg·m−3, hemoglobin (HGB) and platelet count (PLT) increase, respectively, by 9.923% (95% CI, 8.741–11.264) and 0.068% (95% CI, 0.067–0.069). GAM model analysis predicted the maximum effect of PM2.5 exposure concentration on red blood cell count (RBC) and PLT was reached when the hysteresis accumulates for 1d (Lag0). The maximum effect of exposure concentration ofPM2.5 on MONO is reached when the lag accumulation is 3d (Lag2). When the hysteresis accumulates for 6d (Lag5), the exposure concentration of PM2.5 has the greatest effect on HGB. The maximum cumulative effect of PM2.5 on neutrophil count (NEUT) and lymphocyte (LMY) was strongest when the lag was 2d (Lag1). During periods of moderate to severe pollution, the concentration of water-soluble ions and heavy metal elements in PM2.5 increases significantly and has a significant correlation with some blood routine indicators.

scholarly journals Temporal Variation and Chemical Components of Rural Ambient PM2.5 during Main Agricultural Activity Periods in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuewei Wu ◽  
Weiwei Chen ◽  
Shichun Zhang ◽  
Ruimin Li ◽  
Mengduo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Soluble Ions ◽  
Water Soluble Ions ◽  
Mass Concentrations

Agricultural emissions are crucial to regional air quality in the autumn and spring due to the intense agricultural activities in Northeast China. However, information on rural ambient particulate matter (PM) in Northeast China is rare, limiting the accurate estimation of agricultural atmospheric particulate matter emissions. In this study, we monitored hourly ambient PM2.5 (PM with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm) concentrations and analyzed daily chemical components (i.e., water-soluble ions, trace elements, organic carbon, and element carbon) at a rural site in Northeast China during the autumn and spring and assessed the impact of agricultural activities on atmospheric PM2.5 concentrations. The results showed that the daily average concentrations of PM2.5 were 143 ± 109 (range: 39–539) μg m−3 from 19 October to 23 November 2017 (i.e., typical harvesting month) and 241 ± 189 (range: 97–976) μg m−3 from 1 April to 13 May 2018 (i.e., typical tilling month). In autumn, the ambient PM2.5 concentrations were high with a Southwest wind, while a Southeast wind caused high PM2.5 concentrations during spring in the rural site. The concentrations of selected water-soluble ions, trace elements, and carbonaceous fractions accounted for 33%, 4%, and 26% of PM2.5 mass concentrations, respectively, in autumn and for 10%, 5%, and 3% of PM2.5 mass concentrations, respectively, in spring. On the basis of the component analysis, straw burning, agricultural machinery, and soil dust driven by wind and tilling were the main contributors to high rural PM2.5 concentrations. In addition, the increasing coal combustion around the rural site was another important source of PM2.5.

scholarly journals Analysis of Compositional Variation and Source Characteristics of Water-Soluble Ions in PM2.5 during Several Winter-Haze Pollution Episodes in Shenyang, China

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Hong ◽  
Chaoliu Li ◽  
Xiaolan Li ◽  
Yanjun Ma ◽  
Yunhai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Compositional Variation ◽  
Automobile Exhaust ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Coal Burning ◽  
Soluble Ions ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Water Soluble Ions ◽  
Complex Pollution

From 18 February to 13 March 2014 and from 17 December 2016 to 27 January 2017, an online analyzer for monitoring aerosols and gases (MARGA) and an online single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) were used to measure and analyze the concentrations and sources of water-soluble (WS) ions in PM10, PM2.5, and gases (NH3, HNO3, HCl), in Shenyang City, China. During the field campaign, nine haze episodes (or smog episodes, total 582 h) were identified, with 960 identified as non-haze periods. The average mass concentrations of PM2.5 and total water-soluble ions (TWSIs) in PM2.5 during haze episodes were 131 μg·m−3 and 77.2 μg·m−3, 2.3 times and 1.9 times the values in non-haze periods, respectively. The average mass concentration of TWSIs in PM2.5 was 55.9 μg·m−3 (accounting for 55.9% of PM2.5 mass loading), 37.6% of which was sulfate, 31.7% nitrate, 20.0% ammonium, 6.6% chloride, 1.9% potassium, 1.4% calcium, and 0.8% magnesium throughout the campaign. Concentrations of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium (SNA) secondary pollution ions increased rapidly during haze episodes to as much as 2.2 times, 3.0 times, and 2.4 times higher than during non-haze periods, respectively. Diurnal variations during non-haze periods were significant, while complex pollution was insignificant. Based on changes in the backward trajectories and concentrations of WS ions, the hazy episodes were divided into three types: complex, coal-burning, and automobile exhaust pollution. All complex episodes had high concentrations and greater contributions of ammonium nitrate from complex and automobile exhaust pollution, while the contribution of ammonium sulfate from coal-burning pollution was greater than that of ammonium nitrate. The correlation coefficients among SNA species were very high in complex pollution, with nitrate and sulfate the main forms present. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) were related to emissions from burning coal for heating and from long-range transmission in winter. In the case of exhaust pollution, NO3− accounted for the highest percentage of PM2.5, and NH4+ was more closely related to NO3− than to SO42−. Coal-burning pollution was the most common type of pollution in Shenyang. The contribution of sulfate was higher than that of nitrate. Based on PCA, the contribution of coal-burning emissions varied from 36.7% to 53.6% due to industry, soil sources, and other factors.

scholarly journals Understanding PM2.5 concentration and removal efficiency variation in urban forest park — Observation at human breathing height

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoxin Yan ◽  
Zibo Yu ◽  
Yanan Wu ◽  
Jiakai Liu ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Soluble Ions ◽  
Water Soluble Ions ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

To increase our knowledge of PM2.5 concentrations near the surface in a forest park in Beijing, an observational study measured the concentration and composition of PM2.5 in Beijing Olympic Forest Park from 2015 to 2016. This study analyzed the meteorological factors and removal efficiency at 1.5 m above the ground (human breathing height) over the course of the day in the forest. The results showed that the average concentrations of PM2.5 near the surface peaked at 07:00–09:30 and reached their lowest at 12:00–15:00. In addition, the results showed that the annual concentration of PM2.5 in the forest was highest during winter, followed by spring and fall, and was lowest during summer. The main chemical components of PM2.5 near the surface in the forest were SO42− and NO3−, which accounted for 68.72% of all water-soluble ions that we observed. The concentration of PM2.5 in the forest had a significant positive correlation with relative humidity and a significant negative correlation with temperature. The removal efficiency near the surface showed no significant variation through the day or year. In the forest, the highest removal efficiency occurred between 07:00 and 09:30 in summer, while the lowest occurred between 09:30 and 12:00 in winter.

Water-soluble ions measured in fine particulate matter next to cement works

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 2043-2049 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Galindo ◽  
E. Yubero ◽  
J.F. Nicolás ◽  
J. Crespo ◽  
C. Pastor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Soluble Ions ◽  
Water Soluble Ions

Variation of the concentration of particulate matter in the atmosphere and rainwater quality during precipitation at an urban site of southeast Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyemin Park ◽  
Minjune Yang
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Precipitation Event ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Soluble Ions ◽  
Water Soluble Ions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rain Events

<p>This study investigated the wet deposition of particulate matter (PM) for six precipitation events at Daeyeon dong, Busan, South Korea, from February 2020 to July 2020. The concentration of PM<sub>10</sub> in the atmosphere was steadily measured before and after the precipitation. Rainwater samples were collected every 50 mL of each precipitation event using rainwater collecting devices and rainwater qualities (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), water-soluble ions (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, etc.) were analyzed. For heavy rain events with strong rainfall intensities (>7.5 mm/h), the average PM<sub>10</sub> reduction efficiency reached more than 68%. For the relatively weak (<5 mm/h) rainfall intensities, the PM<sub>10</sub> reduction efficiencies were less than 40%. In all rainfall events, the average rainwater pH gradually increased over time from 4.3 to 5.0, while the average EC decreased from 81.9 to 12.1 µS/cm. The concentrations of all ions in the rainwater samples gradually decreased during precipitation. For heavy rain events, the acidity, EC, and concentrations of total water-soluble ions of initial rainwater samples were higher than those of later samples. This result indicates that the concentration of PM<sub>10</sub> in the atmosphere was reduced by wet deposition.</p>

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