scholarly journals The Dynamics of Cross-Sector Collaboration in Centralized Disaster Governance: A Network Study of Interorganizational Collaborations during the MERS Epidemic in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Minyoung Ku ◽  
Ahreum Han ◽  
Keon-Hyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
State Control ◽  
Health Organizations ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Strong State ◽  
Government Documents

The debate continues as to which governance structure is most appropriate for collaborative disaster response, particularly between centralization and decentralization. This article aims to contribute to this debate by analyzing the structural characteristics of a multisectoral network that emerged and evolved under strong state control during the 2015 outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS) in South Korea. This study particularly focuses on the evolution of intra- and inter-sectoral collaboration ties in the network. The data for the study were collected through a content analysis of government documents and news articles. Using social network analysis, the authors found that the network evolved into a centralized structure around a small number of governmental organizations at the central level, organizing the ties between participating organizations rather hierarchically. The network displayed a preponderance of internal ties both among health and non-health organizations and among public and nonpublic health organizations, but under different influences of structural characteristics. This tendency was intensified during the peak period. Based on these findings, the authors conclude that the centralization of disaster management may not or only marginally be conducive to cross-sector collaboration during public health disasters, calling for a careful design of governance structures for disaster response.

scholarly journals Research on Modern Marine Environmental Governance in China: Subject Identification, Structural Characteristics, and Operational Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4485
Author(s):  
Qi Chen ◽  
Huijuan Yu ◽  
Yezhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Operational Mechanism ◽  
The One ◽  
Process Coordination ◽  
Marine Environmental

Under the guidance of modern environmental governance concepts, there have been profound changes in the subject, structure, and operational mechanism of the modern marine environmental governance in China. This paper first classifies the subjects of modern marine environmental governance in China, as well as their relationships; analyses the structural characteristics from the three levels of rights, society, and region; explores the operational mechanism; and builds the framework of the modern marine environmental governance system in China. Both the central and local governments act as the leaders of the modern marine environmental governance system in China, and there have been many new changes in their relationships. On the one hand, the interest and goals of the central and local governments have gradually converged under the pressure system. On the other hand, local governments follow the principles of comprehensive governance regarding the coastline and collaborative cooperation is gradually beginning to occur. Different governance subjects are interrelated and intertwined to form a complete modern marine environmental governance structure, which includes the following three levels: the governmental power structure; the social structure, which involves collaboration between multiple entities; and the regional structure, which involves land-sea coordination in environmental governance. These structures each play their parts in the overall process of the marine environmental governance’s institutional arrangements, process coordination, and feedback adjustments and ultimately constitute a dynamic and complete modern marine environmental governance operational system.

scholarly journals Disaster response and recovery in two informal settlements: A local government perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 606-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethuel Sibongiseni Ngcamu ◽  
Malcolm Alan Henworth Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
The Impact

Informal settlements in urban areas have long been afflicted by disasters and exposed to exploitation by politicians, shacklords, academics, journalists, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), tavern owners and government officials. This problem is caused to some degree by limited land for expansion which has resulted in the creation of highly densified and unplanned, irregular settlements using poor, combustible building materials. The purpose of the article is to investigate whether eThekwini Municipality’s strategies are sufficient to respond to and recover from the impact of disasters. The research was undertaken at the Foreman and Kennedy Road informal settlements located in Clare Estate, under Ward 25, in Durban within eThekwini Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal (refer to Annexure 1). These areas are very important politically as they are densily populated and highly contested between political parties and local resistant’s organizations such as Abahlali baseMjondolo. Questionnaires were self-administered to a sample size of 220 of which 140 respondents completed the questionnaires, thereby generating a response rate of 63.6%. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with municipal officials. The findings indicate that 44.3% of the victims of disasters received assistance from NGOs and regard civil society as playing an important role after disasters compared to 7.1% of the responding municipal officials.

Influence of American Tobacco Imports on Smoking Rates among Women and Youth in Asia

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin E. Winder ◽  
Ted T. L. Chen ◽  
William C. Mfuko
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Good Measure ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Sizeable Increase ◽  
Comparison Data

This study addresses the question: has the opening of their markets to American tobacco products in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan led to an increase in smoking behavior among women and youth? The data on smoking rates for women and youth is presented. This data was obtained for each country before markets were opened to the importation of American tobacco products through the agency of non-governmental organizations in these countries. Comparison data was obtained from similar Asian countries whose markets were not opened. The data from Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan show a sizeable increase in smoking rates for women and youth. The authors believe, based upon anecdotal data, that importation of tobacco products combined with aggressive marketing and advertising by American firms is, in a good measure, responsible for the reported increase.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Response to Infectious Diseases: Focusing on the Case of SARS and MERS in South Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu-Myoung Lee ◽  
Kyujin Jung
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Response System ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Meta Analyses

Following the 2003 the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak in South Korea, this research aims to explore and examine the factors influencing the response to infectious diseases, which encompasses both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Through a qualitative research method, this research categorizes the factors as inputs, processes and outputs and applies them into the 2003 SARS and MERS outbreak in South Korea. As the results conducted meta-analyses to comprehensively analyze the correlations of factors influencing disaster response from a Korean context, the findings show that the legislative factor had direct and indirect influence on the overall process of infectious disease response and that Leadership of the central government, establishment of an intergovernmental response system, the need for communication, information sharing and disclosure and onsite response were identified as key factors influencing effective infectious disease response.

Preliminary Investigation into the Role of Physiotherapists in Disaster Response

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 462-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind M. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

AbstractIntroduction:Increasingly, disasters and disaster response have become prominent issues in recent years. Despite their involvement, there have been almost no investigations into the roles of physiotherapists in emergency disaster responses.Additionally, physiotherapists are not employed in emergency disaster response by many of the principal non-governmental organizations supplying such care, although they are included in military responses in the United States and United Kingdom, and in Disaster Medical Assistance Teams in the US.This paper, based on a small qualitative study, focuses on the potential role and nature of input of physiotherapists in disaster response.Methods:A qualitative approach was chosen due to the emergent nature of the phenomenon. Four physiotherapists, all of whom had been involved in some type of disaster response, agreed to participate. Semi-structured telephone interviews were used to explore participants' experiences following disaster response, and to gain ideas about future roles for physiotherapists. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and later analyzed using coding and categorization of data.Results:Four main themes emerged: (1) descriptions of disasters; (2) current roles of the physiotherapist; (3) future roles of physiotherapists; and (4) overcoming barriers. Although all four physiotherapists had been ill-prepared for disaster response, they took on multiple roles, primarily in organization and treatment. However, participants identified several barriers to future involvement, including organizational and professional barriers, and gave suggestions for overcoming these.Conclusions:The participants had participated in disaster response, but in ill-defined roles, indicating a need for a greater understanding of disaster response among the physiotherapy community and by organizations supplying such care. The findings of this study have implications for such organizations in terms of employing skilled physiotherapists in order to improve disaster response. In future disasters, physiotherapy will be of benefit in treating and preventing rescue worker injury and treating musculoskeletal, critical, respiratory, and burn patients.

State-Society Relations in South Korea after Democratization: Is the Strong State Defunct?

Pacific Focus ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunhyuk Kim ◽  
Chonghee Han ◽  
Jiho Jang
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Strong State

scholarly journals Adoption Of Macroprudential Policy In An Inflationary Economy: Implication For Developing Economies

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1301-1311
Author(s):  
Augustine Ujunwa ◽  
Ifeoma Nwakoby ◽  
Chinwe Okoyeuzu
Keyword(s):  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Local Literature ◽  
Systemic Crisis ◽  
Prudential Policy

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to critique the suitability of macro prudential policy as a proactive and effective toolkit for mitigating financial system risk in developing economies.Design/methodology/approach: The author first discusses the causes of the 2007/2008 global financial crisis in developed and developing economies. The narration is to demonstrate that the causes, duration and amplitude of the crisis differ across jurisdictions, and any regulatory model that will be effective in mitigating future crises must take into cognizance the institutional peculiarities of those countries. Findings: The paper provides evidence on the difficulties of implementing the macro-prudential policy toolkits in developing economies because of their institutional and structural characteristics such as inflationary pressure, undiversified economy, lagging supervision, among others.Research Limitations/implication: There is paucity of substantial local literature on macro-prudential policy in developing economies, especially Africa. While this study is meant to close this gap, literature reviewed however, relied extensively on studies on developed economies. Practical implication: The extrapolation of prudential tools from developed economies requires serious caution by developing economies because of dissimilarities in economic structure, financial system, governance structure and causes of systemic risk, which may not be mitigated by macro-prudential toolkits.Originality and Value: The study adds value to the global discourse on regulatory models for mitigating systemic crisis by introducing the perspective of developing economies to the macro-prudential debate.

Securitised Middle East COVID-19 responses raise risks

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
State Control ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
State Legitimacy ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Strong State

Significance The pandemic has compounded existing economic and political crises in Beirut and Baghdad, with the securitisation of the response straining military and state legitimacy. Conversely, despite some privacy concerns, stringent measures in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) were broadly welcomed in a context of strong state control and ample healthcare provision. Impacts Years of under-investment in public health in some countries mean medical shortages may drive new anti-government demonstrations. Where security forces are mistrusted, their involvement in the pandemic response could undermine health outcomes. COVID-19 might draw global attention away from the Middle East, changing local security and defence configurations.

scholarly journals Occurrence Prediction of the Citrus Flatid Planthopper (Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830)) in South Korea Using a Random Forest Model

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae-Seong Lee ◽  
Yang-Seop Bae ◽  
Bong-Kyu Byun ◽  
Seunghwan Lee ◽  
Jong Kyun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Random Forest Model ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Forest Model ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Occurrence Patterns ◽  
Hazard Rating

Invasive species cause a severe impact on existing ecosystems. The citrus flatid planthopper (CFP; Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830)) is an invasive species in many countries. Predicting potential occurrence areas of the species related to environmental conditions is important for effective forest ecosystem management. In this study, we evaluated the occurrence patterns of the CFP and predicted its potential occurrence areas in South Korea using a random forest model for a hazard rating of forests considering meteorological and landscape variables. We obtained the occurrence data of the CFP in South Korea from literature and government documents and extracted seven environmental variables (altitude, slope, distance to road (geographical), annual mean temperature, minimum temperature in January, maximum temperature in July, and annual precipitation (meteorological)) and the proportion of land cover types across seven categories (urban, agriculture, forest, grassland, wetland, barren, and water) at each occurrence site from digital maps using a Geographic Information System. The CFP occurrence areas were mostly located at low altitudes, near roads and urbanized areas. Our prediction model also supported these results. The CFP has a high potential to be distributed over the whole of South Korea, excluding high mountainous areas. Finally, factors related to human activities, such as roads and urbanization, strongly influence the occurrence and dispersal of the CFP. Therefore, we propose that these factors should be considered carefully in monitoring and surveillance programs for the CFP and other invasive species.

The sharing economy, regulations, and the role of local government

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-174
Author(s):  
Minkyung Park
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
The City

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore regulatory issues of short-term rentals (STR) and evaluate what constitutes effective regulation of STR by analyzing the STR ordinance in the City of Charleston, South Carolina, as well as reviewing the regulation process the City took. Design/methodology/approach In this case study, the study employed a documentary research method (Ahmed, 2010) using multiple sources, including government documents, historical statistics and local publications. Prior to analyzing documents, face-to-face interviews with a couple of key government officials were conducted to understand the overall context of the regulation processes as well as to obtain primary information and data pertaining to Charleston’s STR regulation processes. Findings The study identified three noteworthy points. First, the legalization process was transparent and democratic; opportunities for stakeholder participation in crafting the Charleston’s ordinance included the establishment of the STR Task Force and public listening sessions. Second, the Charleston’s STR regulation is designed to protect non-participating residents and the historic characters of its neighborhoods; several measures (e.g. strict eligibility, operational restrictions, licensing and permitting, enforcement) protect non-participants and the neighborhood overall, while the City allows STR to be legal. Third, there is a unique enforcement mechanism and tourism-related governance structure; dedicated staff in the Department of Livability and Tourism enforce the STR laws in Charleston. Originality/value Empirical analysis of the STR regulations has never been established. The study provides useful and timely insights for local governments, destination management organizations, tourism scholars, and stakeholders in tourism cities to advance the discussions and debates around STR regulations.

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