scholarly journals Relationship between Isokinetic Knee Strength and Speed, Agility, and Explosive Power in Elite Soccer Players

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw Kabacinski ◽  
Piotr M. Szozda ◽  
Krzysztof Mackala ◽  
Michal Murawa ◽  
Agata Rzepnicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Height ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
T Test ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Explosive Power ◽  
Motion Structure ◽  
Preparation Period ◽  
Standing Start

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the isokinetic characteristics of knee extensors and flexors with selected motor abilities: Speed, agility, and explosive power of lower extremities of professional football players in the preparation period of a yearly training cycle. Twenty-one players (age: 24.5 ± 3.9 years; body mass: 76.7 ± 4.7 kg and body height: 183.5 ± 5.5 cm) playing in the highest Polish soccer league participated in the study. The isokinetic concentric torque of the knee extensors and flexors was measured at 300°/s, 180°/s, and 60°/s velocities. Sprint performance was assessed in the 30 m sprint test (standing start). The forward, lateral, and backward movements were assessed using the T-Test of agility. Explosive power was quantified by performing the squat jump (SJ) and countermovement (CMJ), using the force platform. Due to sport-specific demands of soccer activities measured in this experiment, the relationships between peak torque (PT) and the 30 m sprint, T-Test of agility, and power of vertical jumps (SJ and CMJ) were low or medium at speeds of 60°/s and 300°/s. One of the main reasons for the lack of high dependence of the above-mentioned factors are that the measurements were performed during the initial training period where the level of individual abilities is at a low level. Additionally, this experiment may also indicate that the measurement of isokinetic knee flexion and extension peak is effective when performed at the correct angular velocity in relation to the evaluation of the intended motion structure.

Morphological, motor and technical determinants of fighting efficiency in croatian cadet karate athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Josefina Jukić ◽  
Marijana Čavala ◽  
Ratko Katić ◽  
Nebojša Zagorac ◽  
Stipe Blažević
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Performance Quality ◽  
Explosive Power ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Tissue ◽  
Negative Sense ◽  
Karate Athletes

Introduction. The research was conducted with the aim of determining differences in morphological characteristics, basic and specific motor abilities and karate techniques, in relation to fighting efficiency. Material and Methods. The sample of examinees consisted of group of 105 elite Croatian cadet karate athletes, aged 14-16 years. According to the contestant quality, the sample was divided into higher and lower quality karate athletes. Results. The discriminative analysis results showed that higher quality athletes were of greater body height and had significantly less fat tissue. In the area of morphological measures, the fight success, that is, the fighting efficiency, was mostly influenced by body height, in a positive sense, and subcutaneous fat tissue, in a negative sense. In the area of basic motor skills, the fight success, that is, the fighting efficiency, was mostly and dominantly influenced by agility/coordination, explosive power and speed. This very research showed that specific agility-mobility dominantly determined the fighting efficiency of cadet karate athletes. It was also possible to recognize two types of fighters, one dominated by specific technique realization speed over specific agility, and the other dominated by specific agility over specific karate technique realization speed. The second type was significantly more efficient in karate fight. The fight success, that is, the fighting efficiency, was mostly and dominantly influenced by knowledge and/or technique knowledge (Technique efficiency) that was significantly saturated by basic and specific motor abilities. Conclusion. Therefore, the optimum interrelation of karate technique performance quality, and the level of basic and specific motor abilities greatly determined the fighting efficiency of young karate athletes.

scholarly journals Biomechanical Assessment of Strength and Jumping Ability in Male Volleyball Players During the Annual Training Macrocycle

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Czaplicki ◽  
Marcin Śliwa ◽  
Paulina Szyszka ◽  
Jerzy Sadowski
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Multiple Factor Analysis ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Preparation Period ◽  
Competition Period

Abstract Introduction. The aim of the study was to determine the changes in the peak torque of the knee extensors and flexors of the dominant lower limb, the shoulder internal and external rotators of the dominant upper limb, and the shoulder extensors and flexors of the dominant upper limb as well as the changes in jump height in volleyball players during the annual training macrocycle. Material and methods. The study involved 13 volleyball players from a Polish second-league team. The measurements were performed five times: before the preparation period (T1), at the beginning of the competitive season (T2), in the middle (T3) and at the end of the first competition period (T4), and after the competitive season (T5). The torque of the knee muscles and shoulder rotators was measured in isokinetic conditions, and the torque of the shoulder extensors and flexors was assessed in isometric conditions. Jumping ability was tested using a piezoelectric platform. Results. We observed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in jump height and relative peak torque between the measurements, except for the torque of the shoulder external rotators and flexors. The results of multiple factor analysis based on 5 sets composed of 5 strength variables revealed differences between subjects and measurement sessions. Conclusions. The results obtained indicate that strength and jumping ability should be assessed regularly during the competitive season. The findings of the study suggest that it is necessary to modify the training methods used during the preparation period and individualize the training in the final phase of the competition period.

BODY BUILT AND PHYSICAL FITNESS OF 14-16-YEAR-OLD FOOTBALL PLAYERS AS COMPARED WITH NON-TRAINING PEERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (82) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Monika Opanowska ◽  
Elżbieta Prętkiewicz-Abacjew ◽  
Barbara Wilk ◽  
Marcin Pasek ◽  
Paweł Skonieczny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Somatic Development ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Football Training

Aim: The objective of the study was the assessment of somatic build and physical fitness of 14-16-year-old football players as compared with non-training peers as well as relation between their body-build and physical fitness. Basic procedures: 108 football players and 101 non-training boys participated in the research. The level of somatic development of boys was assessed on the basis of body height and weight measurements, which were used to determine BMI and Rohrer index. Additionally functional length of left and right lower limbs was determined. The level of physical fitness was tested by EUROFIT. The strength and relation between body built features and physical fitness were measured by the Pearson correlation coefficient r linear, and by the test t to define its significance. Results: Football players and non-training boys characterized leptosomatic build type. Only 14-year-old footballers were higher in terms of statistical significance and had longer lower limbs in comparison with non-training peers. In physical fitness tests football players had better scores than non-training ones, and the differences of statistical significance most frequently occurring in 14-year-olds were demonstrated. Conclusion. The assessed motor abilities forming physical fitness of football players and non-training peers indicated clear correlations with body built only in 14-year-old boys. Rare occurrence of smaller correlations in 15-16-year-old football players can suggest that football training created a certain structure of physical fitness, different from that of non-training peers, but in most cases it was not related to the body structure.

scholarly journals Effect of a Short Time Concentric Versus Eccentric Training Program on Electromyography Activity and Peak Torque of Quadriceps

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Carvalho ◽  
Paolo Caserotti ◽  
Carlos Carvalho ◽  
Eduardo Abade ◽  
Jaime Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Isokinetic Training ◽  
Emg Signal ◽  
Short Time

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an 8-week concentric (CON) versus eccentric (ECC) isokinetic training program on the electromyography (EMG) signal amplitude of vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF). Also, the isometric (ISO) and dynamic maximum strength of the knee extensors were assessed. Eighteen physically healthy male subjects (age 22 ± 1 years, body height 177 ± 4 cm, body mass 73 ± 7 kg) performed four weeks of unilateral CON isokinetic training for the quadriceps of the dominant leg on a REV9000 dynamometer. At the end of the fourth week, the sample was divided into two groups, with one group performing additional four weeks of unilateral ECC training and the other continuing with CON training. The training sessions consisted of three sets of ten maximal repetitions at a velocity of 60°s-1, three days per week for eight weeks. The results showed that CON and ECC groups improved the peak torque in all types of contractions. Also, both groups presented increases in the avgEMG for VL, VM and RF. The present investigation showed that CON training elicited increases of the ISO peak torque and VM avgEMG in the CON contraction. Additionally, significant gains were reported after the ECC training on the VM avgEMG in all contractions and RM avgEMG in CON contraction.

scholarly journals Peripheral Muscle Function During Repeated Changes of Direction in Basketball

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Ferioli ◽  
Ermanno Rampinini ◽  
Andrea Bosio ◽  
Antonio La Torre ◽  
Nicola A. Maffiuletti
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Function ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Division I ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Professional Basketball ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Peripheral Muscle ◽  
Preparation Period

Purpose: To examine differences between adult male basketball players of different competitive levels (study 1) and changes over a basketball season (study 2) of knee-extensor peripheral muscle function during multistage change-of-direction exercise (MCODE). Methods: In study 1, 111 players from 4 different divisions completed the MCODE during the regular season. In study 2, the MCODE was performed before (T1) and after (T2) the preparation period and during the competitive season (T3) by 32 players from divisions I, II, and III. The MCODE comprised 4 levels of increasing intensity for each player. The twitch peak torque (PT) of knee extensors was measured after each level. PTmax (the highest value of PT) and fatigue were calculated. Results: In study 1, the authors found possibly small differences (effect size [ES] [90% confidence interval] −0.24 [0.39]) in fatigue between divisions I and II. Division I was characterized by likely (ES 0.30–0.65) and very likely to almost certain (ES 0.74–1.41) better PTmax and fatigue levels than divisions III and VI, respectively. In study 2, fatigue was very likely reduced (ES −0.91 to −0.51) among all divisions from T1 to T2, whereas PTmax was likely to very likely reduced (ES −0.51 to −0.39) in divisions II and III. Conclusions: Professional basketball players are characterized by a better peripheral muscle function during MCODE. Most of the seasonal changes in peripheral muscle function occurred after the preparation period. These findings inform practitioners on the development of training programs to enhance the ability to sustain repeated change-of-direction efforts.

scholarly journals The Preparation Period in Basketball: Training Load and Neuromuscular Adaptations

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 991-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Ferioli ◽  
Andrea Bosio ◽  
Johann C. Bilsborough ◽  
Antonio La Torre ◽  
Michele Tornaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Peripheral Fatigue ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Preparation Period

Purpose: To investigate the effect of the preparation period on neuromuscular characteristics of 12 professional (PRO) and 16 semiprofessional (SEMIPRO) basketball players and relationships between training-load indices and changes in neuromuscular physical performance. Methods: Before and after the preparation period, players underwent a countermovement jump (CMJ) test followed by a repeated change-of-direction (COD) test consisting of 4 levels with increasing intensities. The peripheral neuromuscular functions of the knee extensors (peak torque [PT]) were measured using electrical stimulations after each level (PT1, PT2, PT3, and PT4). Furthermore, PT Max (the highest value of PT) and PT Dec (PT decrement from PT Max to PT4) were calculated. Results: Trivial to small (effect size [ES] = −0.17 to 0.46) improvements were found in CMJ variables, regardless of competitive level. After the preparation period, peripheral fatigue induced by a COD test was similarly reduced in both PRO (PT Dec: from 27.8% [21.3%] to 11.4% [13.7%]; ES = −0.71; 90% confidence interval [CI], ±0.30) and SEMIPRO (PT Dec: from 26.1% [21.9%] to 10.2% [8.2%]; ES = −0.69; 90% CI, ±0.32). Moderate to large relationships were found between session rating of perceived exertion training load and changes in peak power output (PPO) measured during the CMJs (rs [90% confidence interval]: PPOabs, −.46 [±.26]; PPOrel, −.53 [±.23]) and in some PTs measured during the COD test (PT1, −.45 [±.26]; PT2, −.44 [±.26]; PT3, −.40 [±.27]; and PT Max, −.38 [±.28]). Conclusions: The preparation period induced minimal changes in the CMJ, while the ability to sustain repeated COD efforts was improved. Reaching high session rating of perceived exertion training loads might partially and negatively affect the ability to produce strength and power.

scholarly journals Differences in the Anthropological Status of Young Football Players in Relation to the Chronological age within one Calendar Year

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Ljubica Cubrilo ◽  
◽  
Veljko Vukicevic ◽  
Slobodan Vignjevic ◽  
Nenad Njaradi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Explosive Power ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Power Testing ◽  
The Individual

The aim of this research is to determine whether there are statistically significant differences in the anthropological status of young football players in relation to chronological age within one calendar year. The sample consisted of a total of 50 male respondents, Technical School “Mihajlo Pupin” students from the municipality of Indjija. The sample was divided into two subsamples according to chronological age (born by June 30, 2005; born July 1, 2005 and later). The students are also members of the football club in which they train. By examining the morphological characteristics, data were obtained in the following variables: body height, body mass and body mass index. Static and explosive power testing data were obtained in the following variables: standing long jump, bent arm hang and running 30 meters. It was concluded that there are no statistically significant differences between young football players of different chronological ages in anthropological status. No differences were found in the total space of tested and measured variables (MANOVA) nor in the individual space (ANOVA). The research included two anthropological spaces, morphological and motor, and none of them showed differences between young football players of different chronological ages. Out of a total of six measured and tested variables, the only variable that was on the border of the difference between the groups was running 30 meters, which may indicate that different explosive power of the lower extremities between the two tested groups, in this case, in favor of the younger group.

scholarly journals Biomechanical Assessment of Motor Abilities in Male Handball Players During the Annual Training Macrocycle

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
Tomasz Sacewicz ◽  
Sławomir Bodasiński ◽  
Marcin Śliwa ◽  
Paulina Szyszka ◽  
Zenon Mazur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Kinematic Chain ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Biomechanical Assessment ◽  
Preparation Period ◽  
Competition Period ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Static Conditions

Abstract Introduction. The aim of the study was to determine the torque of the knee extensors and flexors of the lead lower limb, the torque of the shoulder extensors and flexors of the dominant upper limb, and the torque generated by the muscles of the kinematic chain going from the trail lower limb to the hand of the dominant limb in male handball players during the annual training macrocycle. Changes in jump height and throwing velocity were also investigated. Material and methods. The study involved 13 handball players from a Polish second-league team. The measurements were performed four times: at the beginning of the preparation period, at the beginning of the season, at the end of the first part of the season, and at the end of the second part of the season. Torque was measured in isokinetic and isometric conditions. Jumping ability was tested using a piezoelectric platform, and throwing velocity was measured with a speed radar gun. Results. The study found statistically significant differences between the relative torque values of the knee extensors (p < 0.002) and flexors (p < 0.003) of the lead leg measured in isokinetic conditions between the first three measurements and the final one. Isokinetic measurement of the torque of the muscles of the kinematic chain going from the trail leg to the hand of the dominant arm decreased in a statistically significant way at the end of the season. As for the results of the measurement of the torque of the shoulder extensors and flexors in static conditions, no statistically significant differences were observed between the four measurements. However, statistically significant differences were noted in jumping ability and throwing velocity in the annual training macrocycle. Conclusions. The results of the study indicate that there is a need to perform regular assessments of players’ strength and jumping ability during the competition period. There is a need to modify the training methods used during the preparation period and in the second part of the season as well as to individualise training at the end of the competition period.

scholarly journals PENGARUH METODE LATIHAN SISTEM SET DAN SIRKUIT TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN DAYA LEDAK OTOT LENGAN PADA ATLET BOLABASKET FIK UNP

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Sari Mariati ◽  
Willady Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
National Development ◽  
T Test ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Explosive Power ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Development Center

This study aims to see whether or not there is a difference in the influence of the set system and circuit system on the increase in arm muscle explosive power in UNP Padang FIK athletes. This type of research is a quasi-experimental research conducted at the PPSP GOR of UNP Development. This study aims to see whether or not there is a difference in the influence of the set system and circuit system on the increase in arm muscle explosive power in UNP Padang FIK athletes. The type of this research was a quasi-experimental study conducted at the PPSP National Development Development Center in the sample. The research was 20 male football players from FIK UNP and consisted of 10 sets of system groups and 10 circuit system groups who were given 16 exercises Data collection techniques using two hand medicine ball push. The collected data is used to test hypotheses using the t test. Before the t test is carried out, the analysis requirements test is carried out, namely the normality test and homogeneity test. The results of the 1.2, and 3 hypothesis test using t test statistics can be summarized as follows: (1) The set system does not significantly influence the increase in arm muscle explosive ability. It can be obtained thit 1.74 <ttab 2.26 and p 0.11> 0.05α. > tt2.26 and p 0.00 <0.05α (3) There is no significant difference in effect between the set system and the circuit system on the increase in arm muscle explosive ability, the value of thit 1.32 <2.26 and p 0.287> 0.05α.

scholarly journals Kinesio Taping Does Not Alter Quadriceps Isokinetic Strength and Power in Healthy Nonathletic Men: A Prospective Crossover Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Korman ◽  
Anna Straburzyńska-Lupa ◽  
Radosław Rutkowski ◽  
Jakub Gruszczyński ◽  
Jacek Lewandowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Isokinetic Dynamometer ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Concentric Contractions ◽  
Kinesio Taping

Objectives. The effects of Kinesio Taping (KT) on muscular performance remain largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of KT on the maximum concentric and eccentric quadriceps isokinetic strength.Study Design. This is a single-blinded, placebo crossover, repeated measures study.Methods. Maximum isokinetic concentric/eccentric extension torque, work, and power were assessed by an isokinetic dynamometer without taping (NT) and with KT or placebo taping (PT) in 17 healthy young men. Repeated measures one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analyses.Results. Testing concentric contractions at 60°/s or 180°/s isokinetic speed, no significant differences in peak torque (Nm), total work (J), or mean power (W) were noted among the application modes under different conditions. Testing eccentric contractions at 30°/s or 60°/s isokinetic speed, no significant differences in mentioned parameters were noted, respectively. KT on the quadriceps neither decreased nor increased muscle strength in the participants.Conclusion. KT application onto the skin overlying the quadriceps muscle does not enhance the strength or power of knee extensors in healthy men.

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