scholarly journals The Extended Concept of the Map in View of Modern Geoinformation Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Dariusz Gotlib ◽  
Robert Olszewski ◽  
Georg Gartner
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Face ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Self Driving Cars ◽  
Geographical Space

In the face of strikingly intense technological development, there have been significant discrepancies in the understanding of the concept of the map; an understanding that is fundamental to cartography and, more broadly, GIScience. The development of electronic products based on geoinformation has caused a growing need for the systematization of basic concepts, including defining what a map is. In particular, the modification of the idea of the map may profoundly influence the future development of cartography. The comprehensive and innovative use of maps, for example, in location-based service (LBS) applications, may contribute to more in-depth analyses in this area. This article examines how the concept of how the map is used in technological or scientific literature about the latest geoinformation applications, as well as analyzing the survey results that confirm the change in social perception of the concept of the map in cartography. The article also refers to the role of the map in the process of indirect cognition and understanding of geographical space—cognition realized through maps. A social understanding of mapping concepts is evolving and covers the entire spectrum of geoinformation products. It seems that the latest geoinformation solutions, such as navigation applications and, in particular, applications supporting the movement of autonomous vehicles (e.g., self-driving cars), have had a particular impact on the concept of the map. This is confirmed by the results of a survey conducted by the authors on a group of nearly 900 respondents from a variety of countries. The vast majority of users are convinced that the contemporary understanding of the concept of the map is a long way from the classic definition of this concept. Therefore, in the opinion of the authors of this article, it is worth undertaking research that will become a starting point for a discussion about the broader definition of the map in GIScience.

On the Very Idea of Civilisation

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-321
Author(s):  
Luke O’Sullivan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Alternative Definition ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Western Imperialism ◽  
Clash Of Civilisations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Contemporary Liberalism ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The concept of civilisation is a controversial one because it is unavoidably normative in its implications. Its historical associations with the effort of Western imperialism to impose substantive conditions of life have made it difficult for contemporary liberalism to find a definition of “civilization” that can be reconciled with progressive discourse that seeks to avoid exclusions of various kinds. But because we lack a way of identifying what is peculiar to the relationship of civilisation that avoids the problem of domination, it has tended to be conflated with other ideas. Taking Samuel Huntington's idea of a “Clash of Civilisations” as a starting point, this article argues that we suffer from a widespread confusion of civilisation with “culture,” and that we also confuse it with other ideas including modernity and technological development. Drawing on Thomas Hobbes, the essay proposes an alternative definition of civilisation as the existence of limits on how we may treat others.

scholarly journals What drives you to use a driverless car?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sándor Huszár ◽  
Zoltán Majó-Petri
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Psychological Models ◽  
Acceptance Model ◽  
Self Driving Cars

The investigation of driverless car from the economic perspective is one of the most discussed topics nowadays. Although it can be approached from various perspectives there is still a lack of studies focusing on the behavioral intention to use self-driving cars and its influencing factors. Over the last few decades, various psychological models have been developed to investigate the influencing factors of usage of certain technologies, but most of them cannot provide clear answers on consumer attitudes and intentions with regard to autonomous vehicles. Thus, new models have appeared to better describe the psychological factors of this new technological development that will revolutionize the future of mobility. In our research CTAM (Car Technology Acceptance Model) was used to measure intention to using self-driving cars. In 2019, 314 participants responded to our questionnaire and provided answers to the given questions. We used structural equation modelling to investigate the linkages between the behavioral intention and influencing factors revealed during the literature review. According to the results, the most important influencing factors of intention are attitude, perceived safety and social norms, while anxiety (of using the technology), effort expectancy, performance expectancy, and self-efficacy have not been proven important factors. The model used in our investigation explains behavioral intention to a great extent (63%).

scholarly journals Self-Driving Cars and Criminal Liability

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Béla Csitei
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Criminal Sanction ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Self Driving Cars

After clarifying the concepts of automated and autonomous vehicles, the purpose of the study is to investigate how reasonable the criminal sanction is arising from accidents caused by autonomous vehicles. The next question to be answered is that the definition of the crime according to the Hungarian law may be applied in case of traffic related criminal offences caused by automated and autonomous vehicles. During my research I paid special attention to two essential elements of criminal offence, namely the human act and guilt. Furthermore, I strived for finding solution for the next problem, as well: if the traffic related criminal offence is committed by driving an autonomous vehicle, how to define the subject of criminal liability.

Intervals of Intervention : Micro-Decisions and the Temporal Autonomy of Self-Driving Cars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Sprenger
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Media Archaeology ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Alternative Scenarios ◽  
Self Driving Cars

Self-driving vehicles do not simply translate algorithmic definitions of their interaction with the environment into material actions. In the implementation of microdecisions, temporality itself becomes an element of the success of operations. Taking the fascination for a non-human and distributed capability of decision-making as a starting point, the paper explores how the temporality of microdecisions is integrated into technical systems that interact with their surroundings. On the basis of a media archaeology of these temporalities, it develops a heuristic of autonomous technologies that explores the role of micro-decisions. With self-driving cars, terms such as agency (based on algorithms), temporality (in different intervals of intervention), decision (in reference to alternative scenarios), and autonomy achieve new meanings worthy of a re-interpretation.

scholarly journals Seven Challenges in Conceptualizing and Assessing Entrepreneurial Skills or Mindsets in Engineering Entrepreneurship Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Constanza Miranda ◽  
Julian Goñi ◽  
Bruk Berhane ◽  
Adam Carberry
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Business Programs ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Entrepreneurial Skills ◽  
Educational Challenges ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Undergraduate Engineering Education ◽  
Definition Of

The growth of undergraduate entrepreneurship education programs and research, both within and outside of business programs, has led to a diverse array of academic literature on this topic. The diversity of perspectives has led to many conceptual and educational challenges that remain unresolved within the literature. The following conceptual paper offers a critical perspective on challenges that have been identified. A narrative-style literature review was conducted to explore challenges emerging from both (a) the practice of teaching entrepreneurship and (b) the definitions and assessment of entrepreneurial mindsets and skills that result from those education processes in entrepreneurship education, particularly within an undergraduate engineering education context. We achieve this objective by discussing previously dispersed sources of literature from disciplines that have critically discussed and explored entrepreneurial themes, such as business education, sociology, psychology, and philosophy. Contemporary debates within multiple disciplines are integrated and organized as challenges to inspire new theoretical discussions among scholars, educators, and other practitioners that can inform a more comprehensive way to conceive and assess entrepreneurship in engineering education. Seven challenges were identified ranging from the definition of entrepreneurship in education to the role of ethics in the teaching and assessment of entrepreneurship. We use these seven challenges and research questions as a starting point for the disambiguation of the working definition of entrepreneurship in the context of engineering education.

Participation of the manager in the management of the company in the gastronomic market

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-118
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Górka-Chowaniec
Keyword(s):  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Catering Industry ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Significant Area ◽  
The Face ◽  
Hospitality Managers

The purpose of this paper is to present the role of modern managers in the process of effective management of the gastronomy business. The study is a theoretical and empirical one. The starting point in the author’s reflections is to present the meaning of the manager’s character in the light of the theoretical divergence that is perceived as the manager of the organization by selecting the appropriate directions, ways and objects of the company. The challenges faced by modern managers in the catering industry in the management process, in the face of dynamic changes both in the external environment and in the internal structures of modern entities, have also been underlined. With regard to the conducted own research, a significant area of consideration by the author in this article has become the scope of participation and set requirements for the hospitality managers in the hospitality industry in efficient and effective management. Conclusions from the study may contribute to further discussion on the role of management in creating a competitive advantage for companies.

Why Collaborate? Issue-Linkage and International Regimes

1980 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst B. Haas
Keyword(s):  
International Regimes ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Issue Linkage ◽  
The Face ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Changing Knowledge

Why do nations create institutionalized modes of multilateral collaboration? How can common interests develop in the face of inequalities in power and asymmetries in interdependence? The author explores the role of knowledge in the definition of political objectives and interests. The systematic interplay of changing knowledge and changing objectives results in the redefinition of “issues” and the practice of “issue linkage.” The dynamics of issue-linkage, in turn, tell us something about international regimes for the management of progressively more complex issue areas. An ideal-typical “regime” is described, theoretically applicable to all types of issues. Since the cognitive attributes of the actors who set up such a regime cannot be expected to remain stable, this concept of a “regime” can illuminate cliscussion and analysis, but cannot be expected to provide a clear model for desirable policy. However, it can illustrate the options open to policy makers wishing to choose a mode of collaboration. Regimes dealing with money, the oceans, and technology transfer are used for illustrative purposes.

scholarly journals ROLE OF SYMPATHY FLOWERS IN FUNERAL RITUALS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1091e-1091
Author(s):  
Candice A. Shoemaker ◽  
P. Diane Relf ◽  
Clifton D. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Funeral Directors ◽  
Funeral Ritual ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Funeral Service ◽  
Emotional Role ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Funeral Rituals

An important sector of florists' business is sympathy flowers. Although flowers are still a component of the funeral, florists are seeing a decline in their sympathy sales. Do flowers serve a role in the funeral ritual? Surveys of funeral directors, grief therapists, and the recently bereaved were conducted to answer this question.Survey results show that sympathy flowers serve two very different roles in the bereavement process - an emotional role and a functional role. In the emotional role, flowers at the funeral symbolize the care and sympathy people feel towards the survivors. The flowers provide comfort to both the sender and the receiver. Flowers also serve a more functional role, that is, the flowers are noticed in very tangible ways. During the visitation or funeral service the flowers are looked at, touched, smelled, or talked about. The flowers provide a diversion or a starting point for conversation.A better understanding of the role of sympathy flowers in funeral rituals can help florists, funeral directors, and grief therapists better serve their customers or clients.

scholarly journals Distanásia: o tratamento médico fútil e/ou inútil. Da angústia à serenidade do equacionamento bioético

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (300) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
William Saad Hossne ◽  
Leo Pessini
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life Care ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Medical Liability ◽  
Life Care ◽  
Futile Treatment ◽  
The Face ◽  
Bioethical Issues ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Semantic Definition

Síntese: O prolongamento sofrido do processo do morrer, que mais acrescenta sofrimento e prorroga morte, é uma das questões bioéticas mais complexas e debatidas hoje, no contexto de cuidados de final de vida. A complexidade inicia-se na própria definição semântica desta problemática bioética. Nossa busca é marcada pela “angústia criativa” (não a patológica que nos paralisa frente à vida) que busca identificar vários termos e neologismos para nomear e definir a questão bioética: distanásia, medicina/e/ou tratamento fútil e inútil, e para definir aquela ação diagnóstica e terapêutica médica que já não mais beneficia o paciente em sua fase final de vida. Para o equacionamento da problemática bioética buscamos luzes na literatura científica médica e bioética internacional, bem como na tradição da ética médica brasileira, em sua versão codificada. Embora um determinado tratamento possa ser fútil e, portanto, inútil, o cuidado nunca será fútil e inútil. No coração de toda ação de cuidar deve estar presente a “philia” (amor, amizade). Podemos, sim, ser curados de uma doença mortal, mas não de nossa mortalidade e finitude. Nossa condição de existir não é uma patologia. Quando esquecemos isto, caímos na tecnolatria, e os instrumentos de cura e cuidado facilmente se transformam em ferramentas de tortura. O presente artigo procura apresentar uma metodologia de como lidar com estas situações eticamente conflitivas, ao aprofundar alguns conceitos éticos fundamentais, tais como: processo de deliberação, decisão e responsabilidade médica e o papel de comissões de bioética. A busca do adequado equacionamento ajuda-os na trajetória que vai da angústia à serenidade.Palavras-chave: Bioética. Distanásia. Tratamento fútil. Cuidado. Philia.Abstract: The painful extension of the dying process, which brings more suffering and delays death, is one of the most complex bioethical issues discussed today in the context of end of life care. The complexity begins in the very semantic definition of this bioethical problem. Our quest is marked by a “creative anguish” (not by the pathological one that paralyzes us in the face of life) that seeks to identify various terms and neologisms, in order to give a name to and define the bioethical issue: dysthanasia, futile and useless medicine and/or treatment; and also in order to define that diagnostic action and medical therapy that no longer benefits the patient in his/her final stage of life. For the equating of this bioethical problem, we look for some light in the medical scientific literature and in international bioethics, as well as in the tradition of the brazilian medical ethics in its codified version. Although a particular treatment can be futile and therefore useless, care will never be futile and useless. At the heart of every act of caring “philia” (love, friendship) must be present. Yes, we may be cured of a deadly disease, but not of our mortality and finitude. The condition of existing is not a pathology. When we forget this, we fall into the technolatry, and the instruments of healing and care easily turn into instruments of torture. This article attempts to present a methodology for dealing with these ethically conflictive situations, as it deals with some basic ethical concepts such as deliberation, decision and medical liability and the role of bioethical committees. The search for the appropriate equation helps us in the path that goes from anguish to serenity.Keywords: Bioethics. Dysthanasia. Futile treatment. Care. Philia.

scholarly journals Music Against the Challenges of Digital Society

2021 ◽  
pp. 810-821
Author(s):  
Boris V. Markov ◽  
Dmitriy A. Yarochkin
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Technology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Networked Society ◽  
Anthropology Of Music

The aim of the article is to separate the concepts of musicology, music anthropology, music, and instrumentalism. This very division and reflection of the interrelations of concepts provide a starting point for a detailed study of the problems of musical instrumentalism. The article is methodological in nature. It contains a number of important settings that are necessary for the anthropological analysis of music. The Central theoretical explanation of the article is the separation of musical anthropology and the anthropology of music. For this purpose, a number of tasks, namely, the definition of the theoretical fields of musical anthropology and the anthropology of music, and the disclosure of the role of music in traditional and modern society are proposed. The concept of musical action is introduced. Solving these problems allows to give a more complete analysis of the relationship between a person and music. It is this problem that becomes the main problem in the music media mainstream, where popular music is used as a way of producing moods and experiences. Music becomes a particularly valuable commodity in a networked society, which is made not so much for the purpose of incorporating into the values of high culture but to control the behavior of people in the music market. In addition to commercialization, music is becoming an effective political technology that provides consensus among voters. In this regard, there is a cultural problem, how high art in general and music, in particular, can preserve its traditional purpose – to promote humanization

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