scholarly journals Paradigm of Geological Mapping of the Adıyaman Fault Zone of Eastern Turkey Using Landsat 8 Remotely Sensed Data Coupled with PCA, ICA, and MNFA Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Abdelrahman Khalifa ◽  
Bashar Bashir ◽  
Ziyadin Çakir ◽  
Şinasi Kaya ◽  
Abdullah Alsalman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Eastern Turkey ◽  
Color Composite ◽  
Matching Techniques ◽  
Band Combinations

A principal and independent component analysis (PCA and ICA) and a minimum noise fraction analysis (MNFA) were applied in this study to Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images along the Adıyaman fault zone in Eastern Turkey. These analyses indicated that the lithologic units, fault patterns, and the morphological and structural features can be mapped highly accurately by using spectral-matching techniques in regions where rocks are well exposed. An inspection of all possible band combinations indicated that the PCA 134 and 231 and the ICA 132 band combinations give the best false color composite images for identifying the lithological units and contacts. The findings of the MNFA band combinations show that the MNFA 521 band combination also is robust for discriminating the lithological units, particularly Quaternary clastic units (colluvium/alluvium). MNFA band 1 alone provides the best image for tracing the tectonic and structural elements in the study area. The new up-to-date lithologic map of the Adıyaman fault zone we produced upon the interpretation of the processed OLI images reveals several river channels that are offset and beheaded by the Adıyaman fault, which verifies its Quaternary activity. This study demonstrated that, when used with the OLI data, the PCA, ICA, and MNFA are very powerful for lithological and structural mapping in actively deforming tectonic zones and hence can be applied to other regions elsewhere in the world where the climate is arid to semiarid, and the vegetation cover is scarce.

CLASSIFICATION METHODS FOR REMOTELY SENSED DATA: LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION USING VARIOUS COMBINATIONS OF BANDS

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Anis Mahmon ◽  
Norsuzila Ya’acob ◽  
Azita Laily Yusof ◽  
Jasmee Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Band Combinations

Land use and land cover (LU/LC) classification of remotely sensed data is an important field of research by which it is commonly used in remote sensing applications. In this study, the different types of classification techniques were compared using different RGB band combinations for classifying several satellite images of some parts of Selangor, Malaysia. For this objective, the classification was made using Landsat 8 satellite images and the Erdas Imagine software as the image processing package. From the classification output, the accuracy assessment and kappa statistic were evaluated to get the most accurate classifier. Optimal performance was identified by validating the classification results with ground truth data. From the results of the classified images, the Maximum Likelihood technique (overall accuracy 82.5%) was the highest and most applicable for satellite image classifications as compared with Mahalanobis Distance and Minimum Distance. Whereas for land use and land cover mapping, the RGB 4, 3, 2 band combinations were found to be more reliable. An accurate classification can produce a correct LU/LC map that can be used for various purposes.  

Volcanoes geological mapping and structural geology with UAS High Resolution Digital Terrain Model : the Kuei-Shan Tao case example (Eastern Taiwan).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Deffontaines ◽  
Kuo-Jen Chang ◽  
Samuel Magalhaes ◽  
Gérardo Fortunato
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Okinawa Trough ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Lava Flows ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Structural Scheme

<p>Volcanic areas in the World are often difficult to map especially in a structural point of view as (1) fault planes are generally covered and filled by more recent lava flows and (2) volcanic rocks have very few tectonic striations. Kuei-Shan Tao (11km from Ilan Plain – NE Taiwan) is a volcanic island, located at the soutwestern tip of the South Okinawa trough (SWOT). Two incompatible geological maps had been already published both lacking faults and structural features (Hsu, 1963 and Chiu et al., 2010). We propose herein not only to up-date the Kuei-Shan Tao geological map with our high resolution dataset, but also to create the Kuei-Shan Tao structural scheme in order to better understand its geological and tectonic history.</p><p>Consequently, we first acquired aerial photographs from our UAS survey and get our new UAS high resolution DTM (HR UAS-DTM hereafter) with a ground resolution <10cm processed through classical photogrammetric methods. Taking into account common sense geomorphic and structural interpretation and reasoning deduced form our HR UAS-DTM, and the outcropping lithologies situated all along the shoreline, we have up-dated the Kuei-Shan Tao geological mapping and its major structures. To conclude, the lithologies (andesitic lava flows and pyroclastic falls) and the new structural scheme lead us to propose a scenario for both the construction as well as the dismantling of Kuei-Shan Tao which are keys for both geology and geodynamics of the SWOT.</p>

Distributed transpressive continental deformation: The Varto Fault Zone, eastern Turkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 661 ◽  
pp. 99-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylan Sançar ◽  
Cengiz Zabcı ◽  
H. Serdar Akyüz ◽  
Gürsel Sunal ◽  
Igor M. Villa
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Eastern Turkey ◽  
Continental Deformation

scholarly journals A Novel Index for Impervious Surface Area Mapping: Development and Validation

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yugang Tian ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
Qingju Song ◽  
Kun Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Impervious Surface ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Hydrological Cycles

The distribution and dynamic changes in impervious surface areas (ISAs) are crucial to understanding urbanization and its impact on urban heat islands, earth surface energy balance, hydrological cycles, and biodiversity. Remotely sensed data play an essential role in ISA mapping, and numerous methods have been developed and successfully applied for ISA extraction. However, the heterogeneity of ISA spectra and the high similarity of the spectra between ISA and soil have not been effectively addressed. In this study, we selected data from the US Geological Survey (USGS) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) spectral libraries as samples and used blue and near-infrared bands as characteristic bands based on spectral analysis to propose a novel index, the perpendicular impervious surface index (PISI). Landsat 8 operational land imager data in four provincial capital cities of China (Wuhan, Shenyang, Guangzhou, and Xining) were selected as test data to examine the performance of the proposed PISI in four different environments. Threshold analysis results show that there is a significant positive correlation between PISI and the proportion of ISA, and threshold can be adjusted according to different needs with different accuracy. Furthermore, comparative analyses, which involved separability analysis and extraction precision analysis, were conducted among PISI, biophysical composition index (BCI), and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI). Results indicate that PISI is more accurate and has better separability for ISA and soil as well as ISA and vegetation in the ISA extraction than the BCI and NDBI under different conditions. The accuracy of PISI in the four cities is 94.13%, 96.50%, 89.51%, and 93.46% respectively, while BCI and NDBI showed accuracy of 77.53%, 93.49%, 78.02%, and 84.03% and 58.25%, 57.53%, 77.77%, and 64.83%, respectively. In general, the proposed PISI is a convenient index to extract ISA with higher accuracy and better separability for ISA and soil as well as ISA and vegetation. Meanwhile, as PISI only uses blue and near-infrared bands, it can be used in a wider variety of remote sensing images.

scholarly journals MINERAL MAPPING USING CHANDRAYAAN-1 HYPERSPECTRAL (HYSI) DATA FROM MARE VAPORUM

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-5 ◽  
pp. 339-344
Author(s):  
S. B. Sayyad ◽  
Z. R. Mohammed ◽  
R. R. Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Imaging Spectroscopy ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Mineral Mapping ◽  
Crustal Composition ◽  
False Color ◽  
Color Composite ◽  
Surface Mineralogy

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The imaging spectroscopy offers an opportunity to map and discriminate different minerals on the lunar surface which further helps to understand the origin, evolution process, and the crustal composition on the surface of the moon. Compositional mapping of the lunar surface is considered as a standard approach for mineral mapping. This paper reports surface mineralogy of the lunar surface from Mare Vaporum using Chandrayaan-1 Hyperspectral remotely sensed data from HySi sensor. False color composite is created using different band shaping algorithms like band strength; band curve and band tilt parameters at crucial wavelength for spatial analysis. The Spectral analysis has been done by deriving reflectance spectra at varying locations from the area under study. The Study shows the mineral map with different categories of minerals which are high-Ca pyroxene and/or olivine and low Ca-pyroxene. However because of the limited spectral coverage of HySi, data at the longer wavelengths required to discriminate among different group of minerals.</p>

Modification of a groundwater prospect zone index using remotely sensed data and the analytic network process in the eastern part of Lesvos island, Greece.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-143
Author(s):  
Terpsichori MITSI ◽  
◽  
Demetre ARGIALAS ◽  
Konstantinos VAMVOUKAKIS ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Groundwater Potential ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Groundwater Prospect ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Potential Index ◽  
Network Process ◽  
Sentinel 2

Because of climate change and overpopulation, the demand for water is increasing. Groundwater constitutes an alternative renewable source of aquifer, so the spatial distribution of ground water provides important information on its qualitative and quantitative status. This paper develops a methodology for delineating potential ground water zones using remotely sensed data and GIS. The developed methodology was based on the empirical index GPI (MGPI – Modified Groundwater Potential Index) and was applied to the eastern part of Lesvos Island, Greece. To evaluate the criteria used for the result, the Analytic Network Process (ANP) was applied to weight each parameter. The dataset used consists of satellite images derived from Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8, which were combined with vector and raster data, to create the necessary thematic layers. To validate the results, existing ground water zones from the Municipal Water Company of Lesvos were used.

Application of optical and radar data for lineaments mapping in Kerdous inlier of the Anti Atlas belt, Morocco

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amine Jellouli ◽  
Abderrazak El Harti ◽  
Zakaria Adiri ◽  
Mohcine Chakouri ◽  
Jaouad El Hachimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Landsat 8 Oli ◽  
Alos Palsar ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Color Composite ◽  
Manual Extraction

&lt;p&gt;Lineament mapping is an important step for lithological and hydrothermal alterations mapping. It is considered as an efficient research task which can be a part of structural investigation and mineral ore deposits identification. The availability of optical as well as radar remote sensing data, such as Landsat 8 OLI, Terra ASTER and ALOS PALSAR data, allows lineaments mapping at regional and national scale. The accuracy of the obtained results depends strongly on the spatial and spectral resolution of the data. The aim of this study was to compare Landsat 8 OLI, Terra ASTER, and radar ALOS PALSAR satellite data for automatic and manual lineaments extraction. The module Line of PCI Geomatica software was applied on PC1 OLI, PC3 ASTER and HH and HV polarization images to automatically extract geological lineaments. However, the manual extraction was achieved using the RGB color composite of the directional filtered images N - S (0&amp;#176;), NE - SW (45&amp;#176;) and E - W (90&amp;#176;) of the OLI panchromatic band 8. The obtained lineaments from automatic and manual extraction were compared against the faults and photo-geological lineaments digitized from the existing geological map of the study area. The extracted lineaments from PC1 OLI and ALOS PALSAR polarizations images showed the best correlation with faults and photo-geological lineaments. The results indicate that the lineaments extracted from HH and HV polarizations of ALOS PALSAR radar data used in this study, with 1499 and 1507 extracted lineaments, were more efficient for structural lineament mapping, as well as the PC1 OLI image with 1057 lineaments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords&lt;/strong&gt; Remote Sensing . OLI. ALOS PALSAR . ASTER . Kerdous Inlier . Anti Atlas&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Engineering Geological and Geotechnical Approaches for the Construction of Powerhouse Cavern of Tehri Pumped Storage Plant (1000 MW) - A Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Rajeev Prasad ◽  
Nishith Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Underground Structure ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Rock Composition ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Pumped Storage

Construction of underground Cavern in the Himalayan region is full of challenges and uncertainties. Experience has shown that construction in Himalayan regions requires good understanding of geology, adequate site investigations, proper design and selection of suitable construction methodology and technology. The most commonly encountered geological problems during excavation of underground structure in Hydroelectric Projects are, Fault/Thrust/Shear Zones squeezing and swelling, wedge block failure etc. Tehri Pumped Storage Plant (PSP) is located at the left bank of river Bhagirathi in the state of Uttarakhand in Northern India. This case study indicates about the geological challenges faced and their remedial measures during the construction of Tehri PSP Powerhouse Cavern having dimension of 203m x 24m x 58m.3D-geological mapping with 1:100 scales was carried out in excavated central drift of powerhouse to evaluate the rock composition, behavior of rock mass, structural features and further investigation to finalize the layout and orientation. During the investigation Sheared Phyllite with bands of thinly Phyllite Quartzite rock were encountered in the end portion of central drift of powerhouse which had posed a mammoth challenge in designing the powerhouse cavern. Keeping in view the recommendations of geotechnical experts and the design consultants, decision were made to shift the cavern further by 50 m to avoid Sheared Phyllite bands. The shifting of cavern led to the reorientation of structures like control room, service bay and location of units etc. This paper briefly describes the Engineering Geological and Geotechnical set up of powerhouse with proper investigation approaches and excavation sequences highlighting the importance of orientation and Sheared Phyllite Zone.

scholarly journals Competing Vegetation Structure Indices for Estimating Spatial Constrains in Carabid Abundance Patterns in Chinese Grasslands Reveal Complex Scale and Habitat Patterns

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelline Tsafack ◽  
Simone Fattorini ◽  
Camila Benavides Frias ◽  
Yingzhong Xie ◽  
Xinpu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Species Abundances ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Structure Indices

Carabid communities are influenced by landscape features. Chinese steppes are subject to increasing desertification processes that are changing land-cover characteristics with negative impacts on insect communities. Despite those warnings, how land-cover characteristics influence carabid communities in steppe ecosystems remains unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate how landscape characteristics drive carabid abundance in different steppes (desert, typical, and meadow steppes) at different spatial scales. Carabid abundances were estimated using pitfall traps. Various landscape indices were derived from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images. Indices expressing moisture and productivity were, in general, those with the highest correlations. Different indices capture landscape aspects that influence carabid abundance at different scales, in which the patchiness of desert vegetation plays a major role. Carabid abundance correlations with landscape characteristics rely on the type of grassland, on the vegetation index, and on the scale considered. Proper scales and indices are steppe type-specific, highlighting the need of considering various scales and indices to explain species abundances from remotely sensed data.

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