scholarly journals Diffuse Anthropization Impacts in Vulnerable Protected Areas: Comparative Analysis of the Spatial Correlation between Land Transformation and Ecological Deterioration of Three Wetlands in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 630
Author(s):  
Salvador Garcia-Ayllon ◽  
John Radke
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Geostatistical Analysis ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Arid Territories

The management and conservation of wetlands and vulnerable protected areas of high ecological value dependent on the existence of water is complex and generally depends on the climate and rainfall in semi-arid territories such as southeastern Spain. However, one variable that is not usually considered sufficiently rigorously in this field of research is the environmental impact of the transformation of the surrounding territory due to anthropic diffuse issues. This phenomenon is not easy to appreciate, since it does not necessarily occur in the environment directly closest to protected areas and it is always difficult to measure and analyze. This study proposes an innovative spatiotemporal methodological framework to evaluate all these phenomena of diffuse anthropization whose indirect impacts on protected areas dependent on the existence of water are currently full of unknowns. Using GIS indicators, a geostatistical analysis based on the concept of the area of influence of diffuse anthropization (AIDA) is proposed to assess the spatial correlation between the anthropic transformation of the territory and the degradation of protected areas over time. The proposal has been applied with a comparative approach to three case studies located in Spain between 2000 and 2020, obtaining clarifying results on the existing spatial correlation patterns between both questions.

scholarly journals Expanding the knowledge about the occurrence of anurans in the highest amphibian diversity area of Atlantic Forest: Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, São Paulo, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Mariana Lúcio Lyra ◽  
Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad ◽  
Denise de Cerqueira Rossa-Feres
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Serra Do Mar ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anuran Species ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Management And Conservation

Abstract The vegetation cover in the Atlantic Forest has been converted to human use or degraded by human activities, which declined the vegetation to 16% of its original extent. Although several protected areas have been created in this Neotropical biome over the past decades, our knowledge of the amphibian species within these areas is still far from adequate. Here, we present lists of anuran species from three different areas of Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar: núcleos Curucutu, Santa Virgínia and São Sebastião. To survey anuran species, we visited six sampling units (two ponds, two streams and two trails inside forest fragments) in each locality. Samplings were accomplished from December 2014 to February 2015, December 2015 to February 2016 and December 2016 to February 2017, totalizing 27 days of field samplings in each sampling unit. We recorded 34 anuran species in the Núcleo Curucutu, 44 species in the Núcleo São Sebastião and 42 species in the Núcleo Santa Virgínia, totalizing 65 species belonging to 12 families (number of species in parentheses): Bufonidae (5), Brachycephalidae (6), Centrolenidae (1), Craugastoridae (1), Cycloramphidae (2), Hemiphractidae (1), Hylidae (29), Hylodidae (3), Leptodactylidae (12), Microhylidae (2), Odontophrynidae (2), and Phyllomedusidae (1). We hope that these lists can be useful for future studies as well as helping in the management and conservation planning of these protected areas.

Occupancy, detectability, and density of crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) in two protected areas of restinga habitats in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 952-959
Author(s):  
Priscila Stéfani Monteiro-Alves ◽  
Débora Molino Helmer ◽  
Atilla Colombo Ferreguetti ◽  
Juliane Pereira-Ribeiro ◽  
Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Nocturnal Activity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cerdocyon Thous ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Mammal Communities ◽  
Management And Conservation

Crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766)) are frequently recorded in lists of mammal communities. However, studies quantifying aspects of the ecology of the species are uncommon in the literature. Thus, we aimed to quantify the density, activity, habitat use, and potential threats of C. thous in two protected areas (PAs) in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. We used data derived from camera traps and sand plots to model occupancy, detectability, activity; we also used random encounter models (REMs) to model density and abundance. We also estimated the activity of the species. Density of C. thous was 0.82 individuals/km2 with a total abundance of 119 individuals. We concluded that in the PAs studied, C. thous had bimodal, twilight–nocturnal activity patterns and was associated with water sources. Although the species in the area has a relatively high density compared with that from other areas in Brazil, it could be locally threatened by the highway that crosses the two PAs, promoting roadkill events, and by domestic dogs (Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758) recorded in these areas. Results presented herein can be a starting point to support future work in the region and to make predictions regarding the management and conservation of C. thous, a widely distributed species.

scholarly journals Variability and spatial correlation of soil micronutrients and organic matter with macadamia nut production

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline O. Paris ◽  
Ivoney Gontijo ◽  
Fábio L. Partelli ◽  
Alexandro G. Facco
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Geostatistical Analysis ◽  
Dependence Structure ◽  
Macadamia Nut ◽  
Nut Production ◽  
Spatial Dependence Structure ◽  
Opposite Tendency

ABSTRACT Soil fertility is the key to agricultural production. The spatial correlation and location of nutrients may significantly affect the yields. The objective of this work was to evaluate the variability and spatial correlation of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and organic matter (OM) with macadamia nut yield. The study was conducted in an Oxisol cultivated for 20 years with macadamia nut in São Mateus, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. A 100 point grid was used comprising an area of 144 × 140 m with a minimum distance between points of 5 m, in which a single composite soil sample was collected from 0-0.20 m layer for chemical analysis of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and OM. Nuts under the canopy’s projection were harvested from February to June, 2015. The data were evaluated by geostatistical analysis using semivariograms, and kriging was used to map spatial distributions of nutrients and nut yield. All evaluated attributes showed strong or moderate spatial dependence structure. The OM was correlated positively with micronutrients, but only Zn was positively correlated with nut yield. Crossed semivariograms adequately explained the maps of Zn and Mn; and Fe showed opposite tendency for macadamia nut yield.

scholarly journals Application of a methodology with georeferencing in the biological study of fish in the area of influence of a dam in the amazon region

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. e285101523111
Author(s):  
Fábio Alexandre Travassos ◽  
Miguel Petrere Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Hydroelectric Power Plant ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Biological Study ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
The Impact

The continuous interference of human activities in continental aquatic systems results in direct and indirect impacts, with consequences for water quality, aquatic biota and the dynamics of water resources. In this context, the Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP) acquired relatively importance, as it was the first large dam carried out in the Amazon, in the 1980s, presenting important technical/economic results to justify the environmental costs associated with the project. The objective of this study was to apply a new methodology to represent through maps georeferencing biological information and evaluate the impact of the dam on the following fish species, which have different physiologies and taxonomies, in addition to not having much biological information about the species: Botinho (Hassar wilderi, Doradidae), Mandubé (Ageneiosus ucayalensis, Auchenipteridae), Sardinha Papuda (Triportheus trifurcatus, Characidae) and Uéua Cachorrinho (Acestrorhynchus falcirostris, Acestrorhynchidae). The condition factor related to the relationship between the individual's weight and body length, which derives from an expansion of the cubic law of living beings, being very important in ecological studies, even though they depend on simple to the most complex scientific methods, to estimate this bodily condition. Furthermore, this biological parameter influenced by environmental conditions and characteristics, due to food availability and ecological relationships in the environment. This information can support an adequate fisheries management, as there is an integration of fisheries biology and the characteristics of the environment in which they live. Thus, the methodology applied in this study was successful in its application proposal.

scholarly journals Protected Areas in the Brazilian Semi-Arid and the Management and Conservation of Ecosystems

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-597
Author(s):  
Clecia Simone G. R. Pacheco ◽  
Reinaldo Pacheco dos Santos ◽  
Izabel P. R. de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals A REPORT ON A CONSERVATION PLANNING PROCESS FOR A TERRESTRIAL AND MARINE BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION VISION IN NOVA SCOTIA

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Beazley ◽  
Martin Willison ◽  
Robert Long ◽  
Paula MacKay
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Conservation Plan ◽  
Core Areas

In May of 1999, a workshop was held to lay the groundwork for a conservation plan to maintain and restore terrestrial and marine biodiversity. The products of the workshop include vision maps and recommendations for biodiversity conservation in Nova Scotia. The wild lands conservation vision identifies existing protected areas, areas suitable for filling gaps in the representation of natural landscape types, and other areas of significant ecological value. Four types of conservation areas are proposed: 1) core areas, to be managed primarily for ecological processes; 2) connectivity zones between core areas; 3) aquatic/marine zones around islands, headlands, bays, lakes and rivers; and, 4) compatible use zones, which provide a buffer function while allowing for human uses. The wild seas conservation vision includes five conservation categories: 1) marine management units; 2) marine protected areas (MPA’s) selected with particular attention to the benthic zones (ocean floor); 3) core “no take” zones in areas of unique or sensitive features, species or assemblages; 4) a special management zone for larval retention; and, 5) a “no-dragger” zone to protect fragile deep sea corals.En mai 1999, on a tenu un atelier visant à préparer le terrain pour un plan de conservation ayant pour but de maintenir et de restaurer la biodiversité terrestre et marine. Les produits de l’atelier comprennent notamment des cartes et des recommandations en ce qui concerne la conservation de la biodiversité en Nouvelle-Écosse. Le projet de conservation des terres sauvages comprend les zones actuellement protégées, les zones qui permettraient de combler les lacunes dans la représentation des types de paysages naturels et d’autres régions importantes sur le plan écologique. On propose d’établir quatre types de zones de conservation : 1) des zones principales, à gérer surtout en fonction des processus écologiques; 2) des zones de connectivité entre les zones principales; 3) des zones aquatiques ou marines autour des îles et des caps, baies, lacs et rivières; 4) des zones d’utilisations compatibles servant de zones tampons et utilisables par les humains. En ce qui concerne la conservation des mers sauvages, on propose cinq catégories de conservation : 1) des unités de gestion marines; 2) des zones de protection marine (ZPM) choisies particulièrement en fonction des zones benthiques (plancher océanique); 3) des zones principales sans prélèvement dans des régions à caractéristiques, espèces ou assemblages d’espèces uniques ou sensibles; 4) une zone de gestion spéciale pour la rétention larvaire; 5) une zone sans dragage pour protéger les coraux fragiles des grands fonds marins.

Considering Comparison

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Freiberger
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Academic Mission ◽  
Epistemological Analysis

This book seeks to rehabilitate the comparative method in the study of religion by highlighting its fundamental role for the academic mission of religious studies and by proposing both a responsible theoretical approach and a methodological framework. Analyzing the ways in which comparison is used in the study of religion, the book identifies the primary goals of this method and argues that it is constitutive for religious studies as an academic discipline. Revisiting various critiques of comparison—decontextualization and essentialization charges, postcolonialist and postmodernist critiques, and the perspectives of recent naturalistic approaches—the book incorporates insights gained from such debates into an approach that is based upon thorough epistemological analysis of comparison and that takes the scholar’s situatedness and agency seriously. Few scholars have reflected deeply upon how comparison works in practice. The book argues, and tries to demonstrate, that such reflections are useful both for producing and for evaluating comparative studies. It proposes a methodological framework for the analysis of comparison that is meant to prove relevant both for theoretical reflections and for the pragmatics of comparative work. In addition, it suggests a comparative approach—discourse comparison—that helps to confront the omnipresent risks of decontextualization, essentialization, and universalization. Arguing that the comparative method is indispensable for a deeper analytical understanding of what we call religion, this book makes a case for comparison. It seeks to enrich the considerations of both aspiring and seasoned comparativists, stimulate much-needed further discussions about methodology, and encourage scholars to produce responsible comparative studies.

scholarly journals Natural Protected Areas as Special Sentinels of Littering on Coastal Dune Vegetation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carla de Francesco ◽  
Maria Laura Carranza ◽  
Marco Varricchione ◽  
Francesco Pio Tozzi ◽  
Angela Stanisci
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Coastal Dune ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Dune Vegetation ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Litter Accumulation ◽  
Coastal Dune Vegetation

Beach litter threatens coastal dunes integrity across the world. European countries are committed to improving the environmental status of the marine and coastal environment by 2020, and to do this, they need to reduce the gap of knowledge about litter accumulation patterns in coastal environments. We analyzed the distribution pattern of waste, differentiated by material and origin, in the coastal dune vegetation mosaic along protected natural areas in the Adriatic seashore (central Italy). Litter data were collected following a random stratified procedure. We registered litter occurrence on 180 (2 × 2 m) sampling plots randomly distributed in the different habitats of European conservation concern mapped for the analyzed protected areas. Litter was classified by origin and material, and their abundance on different habitats was explored by multivariate ordination techniques and tested by nonparametric ANOVA followed by Mann-Whitney pairwise post-hoc tests. Most of the plots included at least one waste element being plastic. Plastic was the most abundant material, and fishing and touristic the most polluting activities. Waste distribution varies across coastal dune vegetation types and involves the back dune zone too. Our results stress the need for (a) specific cleaning tasks able to preserve the ecological value of coastal dune habitats and (b) actions aimed at preventing litter production and accumulation.

Spatiotemporal patterns of wildlife road mortality in the Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan

Mammalia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faraz Akrim ◽  
Tariq Mahmood ◽  
Shaista Andleeb ◽  
Riaz Hussain ◽  
Wendy Jane Collinson
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Road Mortality ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Road Kill ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Diurnal Species ◽  
Small Indian Mongoose

Abstract The current study investigated the impact of roads on native wildlife fauna in Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan. By conducting driven transects over a period of 24 months (March 2012–February 2014), we identified 131 carcasses resulting from wildlife-vehicle collisions or “road kill”, comprising 18 vertebrate species from seven different orders. The Asiatic jackal (Canis aureus; Linnaeus, 1758) was the most common road kill (37.4%), followed by the small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctatus; Hodgson, 1836; 9.9%) and the red fox (Vulpes vulpes; Linnaeus, 1758; 8.4%). Road kill incidences included both nocturnal (55.6%) and diurnal species (44.5%). The maximum number of road kills were encountered in the Rawalpindi district area (46.6%), followed by Chakwal (36.6%), Jhelum (8.4%) and Attock (8.4%). The majority of road kills occurred on paved roads (93.9%; 0.009 road kill/km) with significantly fewer occurrences on unpaved roads (6.1%; 0.004 road kill/km). Similarly, 77% (0.009/km) of the road kills were found adjacent to protected areas. The majority of road kills (33%) occurred during the spring (February–April) but less in summer (May–July) and winter (November–January) (19.8% for both). The study provides important data on road mortality of wildlife species in the region bordering protected areas in the Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan, to initiate management and conservation strategies.

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