scholarly journals Expanding the knowledge about the occurrence of anurans in the highest amphibian diversity area of Atlantic Forest: Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, São Paulo, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Mariana Lúcio Lyra ◽  
Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad ◽  
Denise de Cerqueira Rossa-Feres
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Serra Do Mar ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anuran Species ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Management And Conservation

Abstract The vegetation cover in the Atlantic Forest has been converted to human use or degraded by human activities, which declined the vegetation to 16% of its original extent. Although several protected areas have been created in this Neotropical biome over the past decades, our knowledge of the amphibian species within these areas is still far from adequate. Here, we present lists of anuran species from three different areas of Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar: núcleos Curucutu, Santa Virgínia and São Sebastião. To survey anuran species, we visited six sampling units (two ponds, two streams and two trails inside forest fragments) in each locality. Samplings were accomplished from December 2014 to February 2015, December 2015 to February 2016 and December 2016 to February 2017, totalizing 27 days of field samplings in each sampling unit. We recorded 34 anuran species in the Núcleo Curucutu, 44 species in the Núcleo São Sebastião and 42 species in the Núcleo Santa Virgínia, totalizing 65 species belonging to 12 families (number of species in parentheses): Bufonidae (5), Brachycephalidae (6), Centrolenidae (1), Craugastoridae (1), Cycloramphidae (2), Hemiphractidae (1), Hylidae (29), Hylodidae (3), Leptodactylidae (12), Microhylidae (2), Odontophrynidae (2), and Phyllomedusidae (1). We hope that these lists can be useful for future studies as well as helping in the management and conservation planning of these protected areas.

scholarly journals The Vulnerable giant anteater Myrmecophaga tridactyla: new records from the Atlantic Forest highlands and an overview of its occurrence in protected areas in Brazil

Oryx ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando C. Passos ◽  
Michel C.H. Mello ◽  
Emiliana Isasi-Catalá ◽  
Raphael C. Mello ◽  
Itiberê P. Bernardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
New Records ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Species Occurrence ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Serra Do Mar

AbstractThe giant anteater Myrmecophaga tridactyla is categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, and is extinct in several locations as a result of environmental pressures. We present the first records of the giant anteater in the largest continuous expanse of the Atlantic Forest biome, in southern Brazil, highlighting its occurrence in the highlands of the Serra do Mar mountain range. During a camera-trapping survey of medium and large mammals we obtained two records of the species, one in 2013 and the other in 2014. These records from dense rainforest highlands indicate the importance of this environment for the giant anteater and highlight these areas as possible foci for future studies of the species. In addition, we present a review of the species’ occurrence in protected areas in Brazil, to provide a resource for the conservation of this species and for future re-evaluations.

Aliens in the backyard: Did the American bullfrog conquer the habitat of native frogs in the semi-deciduous Atlantic Forest?

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Lucas Ferrante
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Stream Network ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
American Bullfrog ◽  
New Locations

The American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus has a natural distribution in North America, but was spread by human activities in different regions around the world. It is listed as the most invasive amphibian species, affecting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and the community of native species. In addition, the American bullfrog is extensively associated with lethal pathogens, with high correlation of the presence of this species with population declines and extinctions. Here we test if this alien species has spread through the landscape, establishing populations at new locations. We used diverse methods including georeferencing of satellite images, ethnobiological interviews and field data to evaluate the dispersion and effects of L. catesbeianus introduction on amphibian composition, species number, and density of individuals in forest fragments in an Atlantic Forest landscape. We did not find any relationship between density of individuals, number of species or composition of the native anuran assemblages in forest fragments in relation to the presence or proximity of American bullfrog introduction points. Additionally, we found that the dispersion potential of this species in the studied landscape is zero, as it was only found in those fragments where it was specifically introduced 15 years ago. The species has not established new populations in the landscape. Although exotic, L. catesbeianus thrives in lentic habitats and has no apparent effect on the structural metrics of the native anuran assemblage. Despite this alien species exhibiting a capacity to adapt and survive at the point of introduction, its potential for propagation is limited probably by the fragmented terrestrial landscape and regional stream network.

scholarly journals Influence of terrestrial habitat isolation on the diversity and temporal distribution of anurans in an agricultural landscape

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Denise de Cerqueira Rossa-Feres
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
The State ◽  
Habitat Isolation ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Semideciduous Forest ◽  
Anuran Species

Discontinuity between suitable aquatic and terrestrial habitats forces many amphibian species with aquatic larvae to undertake risky breeding migrations through disturbed environments, potentially contributing to population declines by reducing survival of adults and juveniles (Beckeret al. 2007). The north-western region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, is characterized by fragments of mesophytic semideciduous forest and savanna, surrounded by a matrix of pasture, plantations and urban areas with only 4% of the remaining original vegetation of the state (Ribeiroet al. 2009). Currently, 36 anuran species have been recorded in this region, corresponding to almost 15% of the state's species (Araújoet al. 2009). The anuran species of this region are associated with open environments or are widely distributed in the different Brazilian biomes (Duellman 1999). Silva & Rossa-Feres (2007) showed the importance of forest fragments in this region for 12 anuran species that breed in pools located in a pasture matrix.

scholarly journals Conservation of the brown howler monkey in south-east Brazil

Oryx ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Garcia Chiarello ◽  
Mauro Galetti
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Howler Monkey ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Howler Monkeys ◽  
Wide Geographical Distribution ◽  
Large Predators ◽  
Small Forest

The brown howler monkey Alouatta fusca once had a wide geographical distribution throughout a large part of the Atlantic forest in Brazil. Today only 5 per cent of these forests remain and the species is endangered. Howler monkeys can thrive in small forest fragments but they are more vulnerable to hunting, disease, and predation in these habitats than in undisturbed forests. Brown howler monkeys are important seed dispersers of several plant species, particularly in isolated forest fragments where specialized frugivores are absent. In protected areas without large predators howlers can reach high densities and the management of these populations is necessary to avoid inbreeding.

scholarly journals Protected areas network and conservation efforts concerning threatened amphibians in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Web Ecology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Campos ◽  
G. A. Llorente ◽  
L. Rincón ◽  
R. Lourenço-de-Moraes ◽  
M. Solé
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Entire Area

Abstract. One of the most common conservation strategies used to preserve threatened species is the establishment of protected areas (PAs), providing a maximum representation of biodiversity with the smallest possible cost. The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is one of the 35 global biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities, having high rate of habitat loss, which is one of the main factors driving threatened amphibians to extinction. Considering that amphibians are the vertebrate group with the largest number of species geographically excluded from global PAs, gap analysis was employed to evaluate whether or not the PAs of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest safeguard the threatened amphibian species in this region. Species status were compared through the official list of threatened species of the Brazilian Fauna and occurrence maps were obtained from the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List database. Thirty-eight threatened amphibian species were found, accounting for 17 critically endangered (CR), 10 endangered (EN), and 11 vulnerable (VU). The PAs distributed in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest corresponds to only 9 % of the region's entire area. This protected network covers only 30 % of the total geographical range of the assessed species. Besides, a shift in Brazil's environmental policy has led to PAs downgrading. Therefore, the maintenance of PAs integrity is essential, as well as further investment is necessary for the creation of new reserves, avoiding species loss and reducing the extinction risk of the threatened amphibian species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Euterpe edulis Mart. (Arecaceae) in Atlantic Forest fragments in southern Brazil

Check List ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1395-1401
Author(s):  
Maicon T. Szczygel ◽  
Emanuel R. Cararo ◽  
Terezinha J. Zandavalli ◽  
Cássia A. Lima‑Rezende ◽  
Renan de S. Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
New Records ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Online Database ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Euterpe Edulis ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Occurrence Records

We report new occurrence records of Euterpe edulis Mart. and compare them to a database of known occurrences data available in online repositories. The new records are from an Atlantic Forest fragment in São José do Capinzal village, municipality of Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil. We found 1,393 occurrence records in the online database, of which 491 are unique records primarily from within the Atlantic Forest remnants. We also present photographs, distribution maps, and ecological characterizations that may be useful for future studies.

scholarly journals Effect of Site Attributes and Matrix Composition on Neotropical Primate Species Richness and Functional Traits: A Comparison Among Regions

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayron R. Calle-Rendón ◽  
Renato R. Hilário ◽  
José Julio de Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Neotropical Primates ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Vegetative Plant

Fragmentation threatens biodiversity and forest-dwelling animals can be especially vulnerable. Neotropical primates inhabit forests and play ecological roles in maintaining forest biodiversity. Currently, many primate communities are restricted to forest fragments. We (1) evaluated the influence of environmental, matrix, and site attributes on species richness and functional traits of primates in the Neotropics; and (2) evaluated the effect of the sub-region on the relationships between primates and environmental, matrix, and site attributes. We conducted literature searches to find published data on primate communities in forest fragments throughout the Neotropics. Each fragment was assigned to 1 of 11 sub-regions: Mesoamerica, Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena, Caribbean, Orinoco, Amazon, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, Chaco, Andes, Caatinga, and Pampa. Based on actual and expected species occurrences, we calculated the proportion of primate species retained in the fragments, the mass retained, and dietary items retained considering reproductive and vegetative plant parts and prey. We used linear mixed models to correlate primate variables with environmental, matrix, and site attributes. Fragment area was more important for primate retention than environmental, matrix, and site attributes, with primate retention being higher in larger fragments. Fragment size was positively correlated with all primate variables, except for retention of prey consumption, whose retention decreased as water bodies and density of buildings in the matrix increased. Fragments within protected areas retained larger species than unprotected fragments. The proportion of extant mass retained and vegetative plant parts in the diet were highest in Mesoamerica and lowest in the Atlantic Forest. Conservation planning of Neotropical primates should consider both the differences among sub-regions, forest restoration to increase fragment size, and the creation of new protected areas, even in fragmented landscapes.

scholarly journals Anurans of a protected area from Mantiqueira Complex, Atlantic Forest of Minas Gerais state, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lúcio Moreira Campos Lima ◽  
André Yves ◽  
Victor Gomes de Almeida ◽  
Matheus Oliveira Neves ◽  
Bernadete Maria de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Great Degree ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Serra Do Mar ◽  
Systematic Survey ◽  
Anuran Species ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
High Diversity

Abstract: The ecological domain of the Atlantic Forest holds a remarkable diversity of anurans with a great degree of endemism, most of which are distributed in high altitude areas, mostly represented by the mountains along the Mantiqueira Complex and Serra do Mar. Despite its biological importance, the region still shows a gap of sampling concerning the amphibians. Thus, we present the first systematic survey of the anuran fauna from Área de Proteção Ambiental Boqueirão da Mira (APABM), in the region of Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Two fieldwork expeditions were performed where fifteen sample points were inventoried through active night search and day audiovisual survey in breeding and foraging sites. The anuran fauna of the APABM presented 43 species distributed in 12 families, with the Hylidae family being the richest (17 species). Besides, four species had their distribution increased due to our findings (Hylodes perere, Physalaemus rupestris, Bokermannohyla ibitipoca and Ololygon cosenzai), all of them as endemic to the Mantiqueira Complex. This study revealed that the APABM has a great diversity of anuran species, more representative than adjacent regions such as the Parque Estadual Ibitipoca and close to the richness presented for the Parque Estadual Serra Negra da Mantiqueira. This work demonstrates the great importance of the APABM for conservation, highlighting it as an area of high diversity of the regional anuran species.

scholarly journals Urban Form Resilience: A Comparative Analysis of Traditional, Semi-Planned, and Planned Neighborhoods in Shiraz, Iran

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Ayyoob Sharifi ◽  
Maryam Roosta ◽  
Masoud Javadpoor
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Street Networks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Extreme Heat Events ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Heat Events

As cities are exposed to a portfolio of risks, the concept of resilience has risen to prominence over the past two decades. Consequently, a large volume of research has been published on different aspects of urban resilience. However, urban form resilience is still relatively understudied. As a step toward filling this gap, this study examines resilience of nine selected neighborhoods from Shiraz, an old Iranian city. The selected cases represent three different urban form patterns, namely, traditional, semi-planned, and planned. Different indicators related to the physical configuration of lots, blocks, open and green spaces, and street networks are used to examine resilience of each neighborhood to three major stressors, namely, earthquakes, extreme heat events, and floods. Additionally, a combination of Shannon entropy and the VIKOR (VlseKriterijumska Optimizcija I Kaompromisno Resenje in Serbian) method is used to rank the resilience of each neighborhood to each of the three stressors. Results show that, overall, the physical form of the planned neighborhoods is more conducive to urban resilience. In contrast, the urban form of traditional neighborhoods was found to be less resilient. There were, however, some variations depending on the type of stressor considered. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need to consider social and economic factors in future studies of urban form resilience.

scholarly journals Challenge of diabetes mellitus and researchers’ contributions to its control

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 614-634
Author(s):  
Ayodele T. Odularu ◽  
Peter A. Ajibade
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Type 3

Abstract The aim of this review study was to assess the past significant events on diabetes mellitus, transformations that took place over the years in the medical records of treatment, countries involved, and the researchers who brought about the revolutions. This study used the content analysis to report the existence of diabetes mellitus and the treatments provided by researchers to control it. The focus was mainly on three main types of diabetes (type 1, type 2, and type 3 diabetes). Ethical consideration has also helped to boost diabetic studies globally. The research has a history path from pharmaceuticals of organic-based drugs to metal-based drugs with their nanoparticles in addition to the impacts of nanomedicine, biosensors, and telemedicine. Ongoing and future studies in alternative medicine such as vanadium nanoparticles (metal nanoparticles) are promising.

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