Infection of a French Population of Aedes albopictus and of Aedes aegypti (Paea Strain) with Zika Virus Reveals Low Transmission Rates to These Vectors’ Saliva

Mosquitoes collected in Germany in 2016, including Culex pipiens pipiens biotype pipiens, Culex torrentium and Aedes albopictus, as well as Culex pipiens pipiens biotype molestus (in colony since 2011) were experimentally infected with Zika virus (ZIKV) at 18 °C or 27 °C. None of the Culex taxa showed vector competence for ZIKV. In contrast, Aedes albopictus were susceptible for ZIKV but only at 27 °C, with transmission rates similar to an Aedes aegypti laboratory colony tested in parallel.

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RELAÇÃO DE CAUSALIDADE ENTRE A FEBRE DA ZIKA E MICROCEFALIA NO BRASIL: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Revista Baiana Saúde Pública ◽

10.22278/2318-2660.2018.v42.n3.a2784 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

Author(s):

André Emanuel Dantas Mercês ◽

Angela de Souza Cajuhi ◽

Lorena Conceição Souza dos Santos ◽

Rudval Souza da Silva ◽

Cleuma Sueli Santos Suto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Electronic Library

O Zika vírus é um arbovírus transmitido pela picada dos mosquitos Aedes aegypti e Aedes albopictus infectados e apresentam como principais manifestações clínicas: febre aguda, exantema, prurido e conjuntivite. Em 2015 causou uma epidemia no Brasil, desencadeando casos de microcefalia em bebês cujas gestantes tiveram a febre da Zika. O Nordeste notificou o maior número de casos. Objetivou-se identificar, a partir de uma revisão integrativa, a relação entre a febre da Zika e a microcefalia. Trata-se de revisão integrativa, realizada a partir de buscas desenvolvidas nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e da Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) com publicações dos anos de 2015 e 2016, idiomas português e inglês. Foram encontradas 191 publicações, as quais passaram por um processo de leitura e análise quanto ao atendimento do objetivo e aplicação dos critérios de inclusão. Restaram oito publicações que integraram o corpus desta revisão. Os resultados apontam para uma relação de causa e efeito entre o contato das gestantes com o Zika vírus e o desenvolvimento de microcefalia em seus bebês. Necessita-se de maiores evidências que demonstrem os reais fatores envolvidos nesse processo, como os genéticos, ambientais e até mesmo interferência de outras infecções. Palavras-chave: Zika vírus. Microcefalia. Aplicações da epidemiologia.

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Transmission Potential of Zika Virus by Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and Ae. mediovittatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations From Puerto Rico

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjaa286 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca A Zimler ◽

Donald A Yee ◽

Barry W Alto

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

The United States ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Transmission Potential ◽

Transmission Rates ◽

Higher Doses ◽

Local Transmission

Abstract Recurrence of local transmission of Zika virus in Puerto Rico is a major public health risk to the United States, where mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes mediovittatus (Coquillett) are abundant. To determine the extent to which Ae. mediovittatus are capable of transmitting Zika virus and the influence of viremia, we evaluated infection and transmission in Ae. mediovittatus and Ae. aegypti from Puerto Rico using serial dilutions of infectious blood. Higher doses of infectious blood resulted in greater infection rates in both mosquitoes. Aedes aegypti females were up to twice as susceptible to infection than Ae. mediovittatus, indicating a more effective midgut infection barrier in the latter mosquito species. Aedes aegypti exhibited higher disseminated infection (40–95%) than Ae. mediovittatus (<5%), suggesting a substantial midgut escape barrier in Ae. mediovittatus. For Ae. aegypti, transmission rates were low over a range of doses of Zika virus ingested, suggesting substantial salivary gland barriers.

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Zika Vírus e o Futuro da Odontologia no Atendimento a Pacientes com Microcefalia

Revista de Investigação Biomédica ◽

10.24863/rib.v9i1.89 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 58

Author(s):

Sângela Maria da Silva Pereira ◽

Alberto Sabin Moura Borba ◽

Jaqueline De Fátima Lopes Rosa ◽

Ceci Nunes Carvalho ◽

Etevaldo Matos Maia Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Virus Zika

O Zika Vírus (ZIKV) é um arbovírus, que tem o ácido ribonucleico como seu material genético, pertence a família Flaviviridae e é transmitido principalmente pelos mosquitos Aedes aegypti e Aedes albopictus, tendo-se registros também da sua transmissão por fluídos corporais. Desde Maio de 2015 o Brasil enfrenta um surto do vírus, que se espalhou rapidamente pelas Américas causando preocupação devido a possível relação do vírus com a microcefalia, que foi detectada no líquido amniótico e placenta de mulheres com fetos microcéfalos. Os pacientes acometidos com microcefalia possuem um perímetro cefálico inferior à média para o sexo e idade, e na maioria dos casos está associado à estrutura cerebral alterada, problemas de desenvolvimento e características faciais dismórficas. Estas características afetam não apenas o estado de saúde geral do paciente, mais também o atendimento odontológico, que se torna dificultado devido ao pequeno número de profissionais habilitados para o atendimento a pacientes especiais e ao pouco conhecimento das características craniofaciais e dentárias destes indivíduos. O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as características craniofaciais que influenciam no atendimento odontológico e uma perspectiva sobre o futuro da odontologia no atendimento dos pacientes acometidos com microcefalia. Palavras-chave: Microcefalia, manifestações orais, Vírus Zika

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Contrasted transmission efficiency of Zika virus strains by mosquito species Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus from Reunion Island

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-020-04267-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yann Gomard ◽

Cyrille Lebon ◽

Patrick Mavingui ◽

Célestine M. Atyame

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Transmission Efficiency ◽

Reunion Island ◽

Réunion Island ◽

Virus Strains

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Low Aedes aegypti Vector Competence for Zika Virus from Viremic Rhesus Macaques

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v12121345 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1345

Author(s):

Rosilainy Surubi Fernandes ◽

Mariana Rocha David ◽

Filipe Vieira Santos De Abreu ◽

Anielly Ferreira-de-Brito ◽

Noemi R. Gardinali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Short Duration ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Rhesus Macaques ◽

Vector Competence ◽

Transmission Dynamics ◽

Zikv Infection ◽

Transmission Rates ◽

Time Points

Despite worldwide efforts to understand the transmission dynamics of Zika virus (ZIKV), scanty evaluation has been made on the vector competence of Aedes aegypti fed directly on viremic human and non-human primates (NHPs). We blood-fed Ae. aegypti from two districts in Rio de Janeiro on six ZIKV infected pregnant rhesus macaques at several time points, half of which were treated with Sofosbuvir (SOF). Mosquitoes were analyzed for vector competence after 3, 7 and 14 days of incubation. Although viremia extended up to eight days post monkey inoculation, only mosquitoes fed on the day of the peak of viremia, recorded on day two, became infected. The influence of SOF treatment could not be assessed because the drug was administered just after mosquito feeding on day two. The global infection, dissemination and transmission rates were quite low (4.09%, 1.91% and 0.54%, respectively); no mosquito was infected when viremia was below 1.26 × 105 RNA copies/mL. In conclusion, Ae. aegypti vector competence for ZIKV from macaques is low, likely to be due to low viral load and the short duration of ZIKV viremia in primates suitable for infecting susceptible mosquitoes. If ZIKV infection in human and macaques behaves similarly, transmission of the Zika virus in nature is most strongly affected by vector density.

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Different populations of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Central Africa are susceptible to Zika virus infection

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0008163 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. e0008163 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Basile Kamgang ◽

Marie Vazeille ◽

Armel Tedjou ◽

Aurélie P. Yougang ◽

Theodel A. Wilson-Bahun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Central Africa ◽

Zika Virus Infection ◽

Different Populations

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Differential Susceptibilities of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from the Americas to Zika Virus

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0004543 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. e0004543 ◽

Cited By ~ 392

Author(s):

Thais Chouin-Carneiro ◽

Anubis Vega-Rua ◽

Marie Vazeille ◽

André Yebakima ◽

Romain Girod ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Zika Virus

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Nootkatone Is an Effective Repellent against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12050386 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 386

Author(s):

Taylor C. Clarkson ◽

Ashley J. Janich ◽

Irma Sanchez-Vargas ◽

Erin D. Markle ◽

Megan Gray ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Insecticide Resistance ◽

New Orleans ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Activity Index ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Blood Feeding ◽

Spatial Activity ◽

Insecticide Activity

We tested a nootkatone product for insecticide activity against the most prominent vectors of Zika virus (ZIKV), Aedes aegypti, and Aedes albopictus. We tested the permethrin-resistant (PERM-R) Vergel strain of A. aegypti and the permethrin-susceptible (PERM-S) New Orleans strain of A. aegypti to determine if insecticide resistance affected their susceptibility to nootkatone. Bottle bioassays showed that the PERM-S strain (New Orleans) was more susceptible to nootkatone than the confirmed A. aegypti permethrin-resistant (PERM-R) strain, Vergel. The A. albopictus strain ATM-NJ95 was a known PERM-S strain and Coatzacoalcos permethrin susceptibility was unknown but proved to be similar to the ATM-NJ95 PERM-S phenotype. The A. albopictus strains (ATM-NJ95 and Coatzacoalcos) were as susceptible to nootkatone as the New Orleans strain. Bottle bioassays conducted with ZIKV-infected mosquitoes showed that the New Orleans (PERM-S) strain was as susceptible to nootkatone as the mock-infected controls, but the PERM-R strain was less susceptible to nootkatone than the mock-infected controls. Repellency/irritancy and biting inhibition bioassays (RIBB) of A. aegypti determined whether the nootkatone-treated arms of three human subjects prevented uninfected A. aegypti mosquitoes from being attracted to the test subjects and blood-feeding on them. The RIBB analyses data calculated the spatial activity index (SAI) and biting inhibition factor (BI) of A. aegypti at different nootkatone concentrations and then compared the SAI and BI of existing repellency products. We concluded that nootkatone repelled mosquitoes at a rate comparable to 7% DEET or 5% picaridin and has the potential to be an efficacious repellent against adult A. aegypti mosquitoes.

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Vertical transmission of zika virus in Aedes albopictus

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0008776 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. e0008776

Author(s):

Zetian Lai ◽

Tengfei Zhou ◽

Jiayong Zhou ◽

Shuang Liu ◽

Ye Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vertical Transmission ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Reverse Transcription ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Horizontal Transmission ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Transmission Rates ◽

Suckling Mice ◽

Reverse Transcription Pcr

Background Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Aedes albopictus is an important vector of ZIKV worldwide. To date, most experiments have focused on the vertical transmission of ZIKV in Ae. aegypti, while studies on Ae. albopictus are very limited. To explore vertical transmission in Ae. albopictus, a series of laboratory studies were carried out. Methodology/Principal findings In this study, Ae. albopictus were blood-fed with ZIKV-infectious blood, and the ovaries and offspring viral infection rates were analyzed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). ZIKV was detected in the ovaries and oviposited eggs in two gonotrophic cycles. The minimum filial egg infection rates in two gonotrophic cycles were 2.06% and 0.69%, and the effective population transmission rate was 1.87%. The hatching, pupation, and emergence rates of infected offspring were not significantly different from those of uninfected offspring, indicating that ZIKV did not prevent the offspring from completing the growth and development process. ZIKV was detected in three of thirteen C57BL/6 suckling mice bitten by ZIKV-positive F1 females, and the viremia persisted for at least seven days. Conclusions/Significance ZIKV can be vertically transmitted in Ae. albopictus via transovarial transmission. The vertical transmission rates in F1 eggs and adults were 2.06% and 1.87%, respectively. Even though the vertical transmission rates were low, the female mosquitoes infected via the congenital route horizontally transmitted ZIKV to suckling mice through bloodsucking. This is the first experimental evidence of offspring with vertically transmitted ZIKV initiating new horizontal transmission. The present study deepens the understanding of the vertical transmission of flaviviruses in Aedes mosquitoes and sheds light on the prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases.

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