High Catalytic Activity of Lipase from Yarrowia lipolytica Immobilized by Microencapsulation

Microencapsulation of lipase from Yarrowia lipolytica IMUFRJ 50682 was performed by ionotropic gelation with sodium alginate. Sodium alginate, calcium chloride and chitosan concentrations as well as complexation time were evaluated through experimental designs to increase immobilization yield (IY) and immobilized lipase activity (ImLipA) using p-nitrophenyl laurate as substrate. To adjust both parameters (IY and ImLipA), the desirability function showed that microcapsule formation with 3.1%(w/v) sodium alginate, 0.19%(w/v) chitosan, 0.14 M calcium chloride, and 1 min complexation time are ideal for maximal immobilization yield and immobilized lipase activity. A nearly twofold enhancement in Immobilization yield and an increase up to 280 U/g of the lipase activity of the microcapsules were achieved using the experimental design optimization tool. Chitosan was vital for the high activity of this new biocatalyst, which could be reused a second time with about 50% of initial activity and for four more times with about 20% of activity.

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Design and Development of Oleoresins Rich in Carotenoids Coated Microbeads

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings9040235 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 235 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Monica Trif ◽

Dan Vodnar ◽

Laura Mitrea ◽

Alexandru Rusu ◽

Claudia Socol

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Sodium Alginate ◽

Calcium Chloride ◽

Encapsulation Efficiency ◽

Aqueous Media ◽

Sea Buckthorn ◽

Good Tool ◽

Ionotropic Gelation ◽

Colon Delivery

The aim of this study was to encapsulate the oleoresins rich in carotenoids extracted from sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) fruits into a blend of sodium-alginate and κ-carrageenan microbeads (2% w/v) coated by a sodium-alginate (2% w/v) layer prepared using an ionotropic gelation technique with calcium chloride (2% w/v) by dropping method. The fresh obtained coated microbeads had a “fried eggs” like appearance with a size distribution ranging from 4 to 6 mm. The coated microbeads were analyzed for their SEM and fluorescence. The encapsulation efficiency was 92%. Their stability was investigated by evaluation of the physical integrity performance in aqueous media with different pH to mimic the gastrointestinal tract for 24 h at 37 °C under laboratory conditions. The results demonstrated the limitation of the coated microbeads swelling ability under pH 7. The coated microbeads could be a good tool to guarantee oleoresins rich in carotenoids stability and colon delivery. The present study shows an attractive encapsulation system of oleoresins, in order to obtain stable products for further applications.

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The Effect of the Comparison of Sodium Alginate-Gelatin Levels on Microspheres Characteristics (Produced by Ionic Gelation Method Aerosolized Technique)

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.10.2.19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (02) ◽

pp. 301-306

Author(s):

Tutiek Purwanti ◽

Rico Andre Satriawan ◽

Dewi Melani Hariyadi

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Sodium Alginate ◽

Calcium Chloride ◽

Concentration Ratio ◽

Statistical Test ◽

Ionic Gelation ◽

Ionotropic Gelation ◽

Alginate Concentration ◽

Cross Linker ◽

Freeze Dryer

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of concentration ratio of sodium alginate-gelatin on the characteristics of microspheres. Microspheres were prepared with ionotropic gelation methods aerosolization technique with sodium alginate and gelatin as polymer matrixes, and calcium chloride (1.5 M) as the cross-linker, and then dried using freeze dryer. The concentration ratio of sodium alginate-gelatin that was used to make microsphere was divided into F1: 2.25:0.25%, F2: 1.75:0.75%, and F3: 1.25:1.25%. Resulting microspheres were characterized in terms of characteristics (yield, particle size, and swelling index). The result showed that there was an increase in yield and particle size, as sodium alginate concentration increased on formula. The statistical test showed the concentration ratio of sodium alginate-gelatine showed a significant meaning different from the yield and particle size. The swelling index shows that the swelling peak of microspheres became more quickly with increased sodium alginate concentration.

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Conservation, Regeneration and Genetic Stability of Regenerants from Alginate-Encapsulated Shoot Explants of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13101666 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1666

Author(s):

Stefanos Hatzilazarou ◽

Stefanos Kostas ◽

Theodora Nendou ◽

Athanasios Economou

Keyword(s):

Sodium Alginate ◽

Calcium Chloride ◽

Genetic Stability ◽

Nutrient Medium ◽

Shoot Tips ◽

Mother Plant ◽

Short Term ◽

Alginate Encapsulation ◽

Gardenia Jasminoides ◽

Regeneration Response

The present study demonstrates the potential of the alginate encapsulation of shoot tips and nodal segments of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, the short-term cold storage of artificial seeds and subsequent successful conversion to desirable, uniform and genetically stable plantlets. Shoot tips and first-node segments below them, derived from shoots of in vitro cultures, responded better than second-to-fourth-node segments on agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient medium and thus, they were used as explants for alginate encapsulation. Explant encapsulation in 2.5% sodium alginate in combination with 50 mM of calcium chloride resulted in the production of soft beads, while hardening in 100 mM of calcium chloride formed firm beads of uniform globular shape, suitable for handling. The addition of liquid MS nutrient medium in the sodium alginate solution doubled the subsequent germination response of the beads. The maintenance of alginate beads under light favored their germination response compared to maintenance in darkness. Encapsulated shoot tip explants of gardenia, which were stored at 4 °C for 4, 8 or 12 weeks, showed a gradual decline in their regeneration response (73.3, 68.9, 53.3%, respectively), whereas, non-encapsulated explants (naked), stored under the same time durations of cold conditions, exhibited a sharp decline in regeneration response up to entirely zeroing (48.9, 11.1, 0.0%, respectively). Shoots, derived from 12-week cold-stored encapsulated explants, were easily rooted in solid MS nutrient medium with the addition of 0.5 μM of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and after transplantation of the rooted plantlets individually to pots containing a peat–perlite (3:1, v/v) substrate, they were successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse under the gradual reduction of 75 or 50% shading with survival rates of 95–100%. The genetic stability of the acclimatized plantlets was assessed and compared with the mother plant using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. ISSR analysis confirmed that all regenerated plantlets were genetically identical to the mother plant. This procedure of artificial seed production could be useful for the short-term storage of germplasm and the production of genetically identical and stable plants as an alternative method of micropropagation in Gardenia jasminoides.

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Preparation and properties of wet-spun microcomposite filaments from cellulose nanocrystals and alginate using a microfluidic device

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.3.5780-5793 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 5780-5793

Author(s):

Ji-Soo Park ◽

Chan-Woo Park ◽

Song-Yi Han ◽

Eun-Ah Lee ◽

Azelia Wulan Cindradewi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Properties ◽

Sodium Alginate ◽

Calcium Chloride ◽

Microfluidic Device ◽

Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Coagulation Bath ◽

Al Content ◽

Orientation Index ◽

Cacl2 Solution

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were wet-spun in a coagulation bath for the fabrication of microfilaments, and the effect of sodium alginate (AL) addition on the wet-spinnability and properties of the microcomposite filament was investigated. The CNC suspension exhibited excellent wet-spinnability in calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution, and the addition of AL in CNC suspension resulted in the enhancement of the wet-spinnability of CNCs. As the AL content increased from 3% to 10%, the average diameter of the microcomposite filament decreased, and its tensile properties deteriorated. The increased spinning rate caused an increase in the orientation index of CNCs, resulting in an improvement in the tensile properties of the microcomposite filament.

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Release Kinetic Studies of Stevia rebaudiana Extract Capsules from Sodium Alginate and Inulin by Ionotropic Gelation

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2018/6354924 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Juan Pablo Quintal Martínez ◽

Jorge Carlos Ruiz Ruiz ◽

Maira Rubí Segura Campos

Keyword(s):

Sodium Alginate ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana ◽

Kinetic Studies ◽

Release Kinetic ◽

Steviol Glycosides ◽

Ionotropic Gelation ◽

Diffusion Controlled ◽

Release Analysis

This study was oriented towards encapsulation of S. rebaudiana extract and the study of its release kinetics. The desired encapsulation was achieved by the ionotropic gelation method using sodium alginate and inulin of polymeric constituents. Characterization of the capsules was performed by micrometric properties, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro extract release analysis, and biological activity of released extract. The in vitro release profiles from different capsules were applied on different kinetic models. The prepared capsules were found spherical in shape with diameters ranging from 2.07 to 2.63 mm, having the encapsulation efficiencies of 43.77% and 56.53% for phenolic compounds and steviol glycosides, respectively. The best-fit model with the highest correlation coefficient was observed in the Ritger–Peppas model, indicating diffusion controlled principle. The release exponent n value obtained from the Korsmeyer–Peppas model varied between 0.2273 and 1.1719, confirming that the mechanism of S. rebaudiana extract bioactive compounds release was diffusion controlled.

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DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF CONTROLLED-RELEASE OCULAR INSERTS OF BRIMONIDINE-TARTRATE AND TIMOLOL MALEATE

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i1.15199 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 79 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Preethi G. B. ◽

Prashanth Kunal

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Drug Release ◽

Sodium Alginate ◽

Calcium Chloride ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Moisture Loss ◽

Timolol Maleate ◽

Brimonidine Tartrate

Objective: The current work was attempted to formulate and evaluate a controlled-release matrix-type ocular inserts containing a combination of brimonidine tartrate and timolol maleate, with a view to sustain the drug release in the cul-de-sac of the eye.Methods: Initially, the infrared studies were done to determine the drug–polymer interactions. Sodium alginate-loaded ocuserts were prepared by solvent casting technique. Varying the concentrations of polymer—sodium alginate, plasticizer—glycerine, and cross-linking agent—calcium chloride by keeping the drug concentration constant, made a total of nine formulations. These formulations were evaluated for its appearance, drug content, weight uniformity, thickness uniformity, percentage moisture loss, percentage moisture absorption, and in vitro release profile of the ocuserts. Finally, accelerated stability studies and the release kinetics were performed on the optimised formulation.Results: It was perceived that polymer, plasticizer, and calcium chloride had a significant influence on the drug release. The data obtained from the formulations showed that formulation—F9 was the optimised formulation, which exhibited better drug release. The release data of the optimised formulation tested on the kinetic models revealed that it exhibited first-order release kinetics. Conclusion: It can be concluded that a natural bioadhesive hydrophilic polymer such as sodium alginate can be used as a film former to load water soluble and hydrophilic drugs like brimonidine tartrate and timolol maleate. Among all formulations, F9 with 400 mg sodium alginate, 2% calcium chloride and 60 mg glycerin were found to be the most suitable insert in terms of appearance, ease of handling, thickness, in vitro drug release and stability.

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STANDARDIZATION OF MEDIUM FOR SYNTHETIC SEED GERMINATION OF SALVIA SCLAREA L.

Kongunadu Research Journal ◽

10.26524/krj79 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 118-120

Author(s):

Durgha H ◽

Ramya G ◽

Gogul Ramanth M ◽

Thirugnanasampandan R

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Sodium Alginate ◽

Calcium Chloride ◽

Multiple Shoot ◽

Nodal Explants ◽

Synthetic Seed ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Shoot Induction ◽

Multiple Shoot Induction ◽

Salvia Sclarea

Young nodal explants (0.5-1cm) of Salvia sclarea L. was used for synthetic seed preparation.Synthetic seeds were prepared using 5% sodium alginate and 1.11% calcium chloride. Seed germination was observed on MS medium fortified with 1.4µM GA3+4.4µM BA after twenty days of culture. Further multiple shoot induction was observed after fifteen days of shootinduction.

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Determination of the effect of calcium chloride on sodium alginate on the restructuring of fish products

Ukrainian Food Journal ◽

10.24263/2304-974x-2019-8-3-14 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 584-596

Author(s):

Radion Nykyforov ◽

Yuriі Korenets ◽

Natalya Frolova ◽

Oleg Kuzmin

Keyword(s):

Sodium Alginate ◽

Calcium Chloride ◽

Fish Products

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Anti-Streptococcus mutans and anti-biofilm activities of dextranase and its encapsulation in alginate beads for application in toothpaste

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10165 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e10165

Author(s):

Nucharee Juntarachot ◽

Sasithorn Sirilun ◽

Duangporn Kantachote ◽

Phakkharawat Sittiprapaporn ◽

Piyachat Tongpong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Alginate ◽

Calcium Chloride ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Alginate Beads ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Sensory Test ◽

Alginate Concentration ◽

The Stability

Background The accumulation of plaque causes oral diseases. Dental plaque is formed on teeth surfaces by oral bacterial pathogens, particularly Streptococcus mutans, in the oral cavity. Dextranase is one of the enzymes involved in antiplaque accumulation as it can prevent dental caries by the degradation of dextran, which is a component of plaque biofilm. This led to the idea of creating toothpaste containing dextranase for preventing oral diseases. However, the dextranase enzyme must be stable in the product; therefore, encapsulation is an attractive way to increase the stability of this enzyme. Methods The activity of food-grade fungal dextranase was measured on the basis of increasing ratio of reducing sugar concentration, determined by the reaction with 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid reagent. The efficiency of the dextranase enzyme was investigated based on its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against biofilm formation by S. mutans ATCC 25175. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to study the three factors affecting encapsulation: pH, calcium chloride concentration, and sodium alginate concentration. Encapsulation efficiency (% EE) and the activity of dextranase enzyme trapped in alginate beads were determined. Then, the encapsulated dextranase in alginate beads was added to toothpaste base, and the stability of the enzyme was examined. Finally, sensory test and safety evaluation of toothpaste containing encapsulated dextranase were done. Results The highest activity of the dextranase enzyme was 4401.71 unit/g at a pH of 6 and 37 °C. The dextranase at its MIC (4.5 unit/g) showed strong inhibition against the growth of S. mutans. This enzyme at 1/2 MIC also showed a remarkable decrease in biofilm formation by S. mutans. The most effective condition of dextranase encapsulation was at a pH of 7, 20% w/v calcium chloride and 0.85% w/v sodium alginate. Toothpaste containing encapsulated dextranase alginate beads produced under suitable condition was stable after 3 months of storage, while the sensory test of the product was accepted at level 3 (like slightly), and it was safe. Conclusion This research achieved an alternative health product for oral care by formulating toothpaste with dextranase encapsulated in effective alginate beads to act against cariogenic bacteria, like S. mutants, by preventing dental plaque.

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Sodium Alginate Nanoparticles of Isoniazid: Preparation and Evaluation

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research ◽

10.25004/ijpsdr.2019.110616 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (06) ◽

Author(s):

Sumit Kumar ◽

Dinesh Chandra Bhatt

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Sodium Alginate ◽

Encapsulation Efficiency ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Average Particle ◽

In Vitro Drug Release ◽

Ionotropic Gelation ◽

Preparation And Evaluation

Fabrication and evaluation of the Isoniazid loaded sodium alginate nanoparticles (NPs) was main objective of current investigation. These NPs were engineered using ionotropic gelation technique. The NPs fabricated, were evaluated for average particle size, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, and FTIR spectroscopy along with in vitro drug release. The particle size, drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of fabricated nanoparticles were ranging from 230.7 to 532.1 nm, 5.88% to 11.37% and 30.29% to 59.70% respectively. Amongst all batches studied formulation F-8 showed the best sustained release of drug at the end of 24 hours.

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